ABSTRACT
Glucose concentration in the saliva is increased in type 1 diabetes mellitus. This parameter directly correlates with markers of the disease in the blood serum. Increased concentration of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and diene conjugates, markers of oxidative stress, and reduced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were also observed in this pathology. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between glucose concentration and the levels of oxidative stress markers and a negative correlation between activity of antioxidant enzymes and glucose concentration. The results indicate that the level of 8-OHdG, diene conjugates, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities can serve as diagnostic markers of pathophysiological changes in the body in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Antioxidants/metabolism , Biomarkers , Catalase/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Humans , Oxidative Stress , Saliva/chemistry , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by steatohepatitis is accompanied by a decrease in aconitate hydratase activity, increase in the content of diene conjugates, decrease in the concentration of α-tocopherol, and change in the citrate level in the blood serum of patients, which is evidence of the development of oxidative stress as a result of the intensification of free radical oxidation of biosubstrates and decreasing degree of antioxidant defense of the organism. Combined therapy with melaxen provided a more significant change of the investigated parameters toward the norm (on the average by 36%, p 0.05) in comparison with basic treatment. This result was evidently associated with implementation of the antioxidant effect of melatonin, the level of which is corrected under the action of the drug employed.
Subject(s)
Aconitate Hydratase/blood , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Melatonin/therapeutic use , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Citric Acid/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology , Female , Humans , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Male , Malondialdehyde/blood , Middle Aged , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , alpha-Tocopherol/agonists , alpha-Tocopherol/bloodABSTRACT
The influence of melaxen and valdoxan on the biochemiluminescence parameters, aconitate hydratase activity and citrate level in rats heart and liver during development of experimental hyperthyroidism has been investigated. Administration of these substances promoted a decrease of biochemiluminescence parameters, which had been increased in tissues of rats in response to the development of oxidative stress under hyperthyroidism. Aconitate hydratase activity and citrate concentration in rats liver and heart, growing at pathological conditions, changed towards control value after administration of the drugs correcting melatonin level. The results indicate the positive effect of valdoxan and melaxen on oxidative status of the organism under the development of experimental hyperthyroidism that is associated with antioxidant action of melatonin.
Subject(s)
Acetamides/pharmacology , Aconitate Hydratase/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Citrates/metabolism , Free Radicals/antagonists & inhibitors , Hyperthyroidism/drug therapy , Melatonin/pharmacology , Animals , Drug Synergism , Free Radicals/metabolism , Heart/drug effects , Hyperthyroidism/chemically induced , Hyperthyroidism/metabolism , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Luminescent Measurements , Male , Oxidative Stress , Rats , TriiodothyronineABSTRACT
The effects of melaxen and valdoxan on the activity of glutathione antioxidant system and some NADPH-producing enzymes have been studied under conditions of experimental hyperthyroidism in rat heart. Under the action of these drugs, reduced glutathione (GSH) content increased as compared to values observed under the conditions of pathology. It has been established that the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase (increased under pathological conditions) change toward the intact control values upon the introduction of both drugs. The influence of melaxen and valdoxan, capable of producing antioxidant effect, leads apparently to the inhibition of free-radical oxidation processes and, as a consequence, the reduction of mobilization degree of the glutathione antioxidant system.
Subject(s)
Acetamides/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Glutathione/metabolism , Heart/drug effects , Hyperthyroidism/drug therapy , Melatonin/pharmacology , NADP/metabolism , Animals , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Glutathione/agonists , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Glutathione Reductase/metabolism , Hyperthyroidism/chemically induced , Hyperthyroidism/metabolism , Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Male , Rats , Reactive Oxygen Species/antagonists & inhibitors , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , TriiodothyronineABSTRACT
Investigation of glutathione antioxidant system activity and diene conjugates content in rats liver and blood serum at the influence of melaksen and valdoxan under experimental hyperthyroidism (EG) has been revealed. It has been established that the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione transferase (GT), growing at pathological conditions, change to the side of control value at these substunces introduction. Reduced glutathione content (GSH) at melaxen and valdoxan action increased compared with values under the pathology, that, obviously, could be associated with a reduction of its spending on the detoxication of free radical oxidation (FRO) toxic products. Diene conjugates level in rats liver and blood serum, increasing at experimental hyperthyroidism conditions, under introduction of melatonin level correcting drugs, also approached to the control meaning. Results of the study indicate on positive effect of melaxen and valdoxan on free radical homeostasis, that appears to be accompanied by decrease of load on the glutathione antioxidant system in comparison with the pathology.
Subject(s)
Acetamides/pharmacology , Glutathione Peroxidase/blood , Glutathione Reductase/blood , Glutathione Transferase/blood , Hyperthyroidism/blood , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Free Radicals/blood , Glutathione/blood , Hyperthyroidism/chemically induced , Male , Melatonin/antagonists & inhibitors , Melatonin/metabolism , RatsABSTRACT
A combined therapy with melaxen led to a decrease in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and the level of diene conjugates in blood serum of patients with the drug-induced hepatitis developing on the background of administration of antituberculous preparations. These changes are indicative of pronounced antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of the drug. In addition, there was a decrease in the content of citrate and a change in the activity of aconitate hydratase toward a normal level, which reflects a decrease in the degree of pathologic oxidative stress development and is evidence of the antiradical effect of melaxen.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/blood , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy , Melatonin/administration & dosage , Aconitate Hydratase/blood , Adult , Aged , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/administration & dosage , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/adverse effects , Citric Acid/blood , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Middle Aged , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/bloodABSTRACT
Activity of the glutathione antioxidant system has been studied in patients with drug-induced hepatitis treated with standart base therapy and combined with epifamin therapy. In blood serum of patients before treatment the decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) level and the increase of glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities versus control were observed. Combined treatment with epifamin changed GSH level to the normal values. Treatment with epifamin was accompanied by pronounced increase in GP and GR activities compared with standard therapy. Activities of the NADPH-generated enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, which decreased at this pathology, also demonstrated a more significant increase than standart treatment.
Subject(s)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/enzymology , Glutathione/blood , Peptides/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/blood , Female , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/blood , Glutathione/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/blood , Glutathione Reductase/blood , Humans , Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/blood , Male , Middle Aged , NADP/metabolismABSTRACT
Intensity of free radical oxidation processes and superoxide dismutase activity at patients with drug-induced hepatitis at the combined therapy with melaxen or epifamin. Free radical homoeostasis state at patients with drug-induced hepatitis being on standard treatment, including hepatoprotectors, and the combined therapy with melaxen or epifamin has been investigated. Biochemiluminescence parameters in blood serum point out to intensification of free radical processes and inhibition of antioxidant defense of organism, at this time superoxide dismutase activity in blood serum increased. After leading of standard therapy a decline of oxidative stress expression was observed. Incorporation to base treatment of melaxen or epifamin accompanied by correction of antioxidant status of organism and provided more expressed antioxidant effect, that confirmed by changing of biochemiluminescence parameters and superoxide dismutase activity. Obviously, it is related to antiradical properties of melatonin the level of which is corrected under the action of these preparations.
