[Acute cerebral sinus-thrombosis due to polyangiitis overlap syndrome with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)]. / Ostryi tserebral'nyi sinus-tromboz na fone perekrestnogo sindroma poliangiita: granulematoz s poliangiitom (granulematoz Vegenera) i eozinofil'nyi granulematoz s poliangiitom (sindrom Cherdzha­Strossa).

A brief review of literature is made on the problem of modern classification, diagnosis and treatment of systemic vasculitis. The authors present a clinical case of a 40-YO male, in whom the disease started with focal neurological signs: epileptic seizures, disorder of consciousness, light euphoria, nasolabial fold insufficiency and left upper extremity hypoesthesia. Initial examination revealed upper sagittal sinus together with right lateral sinus thrombosis with forming of bilateral frontal lobe's hemorrhages; development of stable thrombocytopenia and platelet antibodies in blood species as well as hyperhomocysteinemia and a MTHFR gene mutation. Further, the patient was followed-up by the hematologist and treated by steroids. Systemic vasculitis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) were late diagnosed in this patient, and coexistence of two systemic vasculitis predetermined extremely severe course of the disease with fatal outcome in nearly 5 years after the disease started, and after steroid and rituximab treatment. It is concluded that the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis in a young patient should exclude systemic vasculitis as one of its possible causes.

[Foix-Alajouanine syndrome, what is it?].

The article contains the description of Foix-Alajouanine syndrome (FAS) from literature. Three our own cases of FAS, which developed in two men and one woman, are presented. An analysis of FAS clinical picture revealed a step-like progression of the disease with a possibility of short-term fluctuation of some focal neurological signs. Five stages of clinical course of FAS were detected. Some peculiar sings of spinal neurovisualization, together with serum and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) laboratory examinations, were indicated in FAS. Surgery is first-choice of FAS treatment. Pharmacological treatment with high doses of anticoagulants, together with antiviral therapy (and antibiotics, if necessary), neuroprotectors, antiedematic and symptomatic therapy must be started early. Prevention of thrombotic, trophic and purulent complications is required.

[Use of modern technologies in the diagnosis and combined treatment of brain stem tumors]. / Ispol'zovanie sovremennykh tekhnologii v diagnostike i kombinirovannom lechenii opukholei stvola mozga.

The latest technologies, introduced into neurosurgery during the last 2 decades of the 20th century, ensured progress in the diagnostics and treatment of brainstem tumors--pathologies that remain until now a most complicated problem in neurooncology. The modern diagnostic tools comprising profound dynamic neurological and neurophysiological examinations (AVP, EEG) visualization techniques (CT, MRT with contrasting, MRT, spectroscopy, PET) provide for detecting not only the initial signs of stem tumors and their sizes but also their topographic interaction with the stem structures; it, in its turn, opens up a possibility to choose between the combined surgical treatment and the radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone. The clinical course, diagnosis and combined treatment of 333 children and adults with tumors bordering on the brainstem are analyzed within the case study.

[Clinical course and treatment of moyamoya disease]. / K klinike i lecheniiu bolezni moia-moia.

Twelve patients with moyamoya disease were examined, 6 of them suffered from epileptic seizures. The epileptic syndrome was of a polymorphic, but mostly of a localized character. The authors emphasize the importance of complex examination of the patients, including angiography, EEG, computed tomography, scintigraphy of the brain, and blood test. It is suggested that the affection of the vessels in this disease is systemic. Combined treatment by means of nonoperative and operative methods is suggested.