Relations between gross motor competence and physical fitness in 3-5 years old children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The cross-sectional study examined associations between gross motor competence and physical fitness in 3-5 years old children.@*Methods@#A convenient sampling method was used to select 201 children aged 3-5 years, to assess gross motor competence, each child accomplished the Test of Gross Motor Development-3(TGMD-3). The level of physical fitness was measured by National Physical Fitness Test, comprising eight different tasks including height, weight, flexibility(sit-and-reach test), balance (walking on a balance beam), explosive force(Standing long jump), strength(Tennis ball throwing), agility(10-shuttle-run test), strength and coordination(Continuous foot jump).@*Results@#With the increase of age, the scores of locomotor skills，object control skills, gross motor competence, height, weight, walking on a balance beam, continuous foot jump, tennis ball throwing and standing long jump were better(P<0.01). Significant differences were not found in the gross motor competence, locomotor skills, 10-shuttle-run test, continuous foot jump, standing long jump and walking on a balance beam(P>0.05). In the object control skills and tennis ball throwing, the boys showed a greater performance(P<0.01). In the sit-and-reach test, girls showed a greater performance(P<0.01). The results revealed a significant relationship between gross motor competence and the following items: 10-shuttle-run test, continuous foot jump, standing long jump, walking on a balance beam, tennis ball throwing(P<0.05). There were no associations among gross motor competence, BMI(r=0.02), sit-and-reach test(r=0.07). There were no associations between gross motor competence and physical fitness in 3-5 years old(r=-0.13-0.21), except for 5 years old children’s object control skills and continuous foot jump(r=0.42). Sex, age, height , BMI (R2=0.05,F=2.62, P>0.05) as well as gross motor competence(△R2=0.04, F=2.00, P>0.05) did not predict physical fitness.@*Conclusion@#The results indicated a relationship between motor competence and physical fitness in 3-5 years old. In order to increase the level of physical fitness, the educators should pay attention to the development of children’s gross motor.

The Effect of Tai Chi on Cardiorespiratory Fitness for Coronary Disease Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Tai Chi that originated in China as a martial art is an aerobic exercise with low-to-moderate intensity and may play a role in cardiac rehabilitation. Aim: To systematically review the effect of Tai Chi on cardiorespiratory fitness for coronary disease rehabilitation. Methods: We performed a search for Chinese and English studies in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Wanfang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal Database. The search strategy included terms relating to or describing Tai Chi and coronary disease, and there were no exclusion criteria for other types of diseases or disorders. Further, bibliographies of the related published systematic reviews were also reviewed. The searches, data extraction, and risk of bias (ROB) assessments were conducted by two independent investigators. Differences were resolved by consensus. RevMan 5.3.0 was used to analyze the study results. We used quantitative synthesis if the included studies were sufficiently homogeneous and performed subgroup analyses for studies with different control groups. To minimize bias in our findings, we used GRADEpro to grade the available evidence. Results: Five studies were enrolled-two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three nonrandomized controlled trials (N-RCTs)-that included 291 patients. All patients had coronary disease. ROB assessments showed a relatively high selection and detection bias. Meta-analyses showed that compared to other types of low- or moderate-intensity exercise, Tai Chi could significantly improve VO2max [MD = 4.71, 95% CI (3.58, 5.84), P < 0.00001], but it seemed less effective at improving VO2max as compared to high-intensity exercise. This difference, however, was not statistically significant [MD = -1.10, 95% CI (-2.46, 0.26), P = 0.11]. The GRADEpro showed a low level of the available evidence. Conclusion: Compared to no exercise or other types of exercise with low-to-moderate intensity, Tai Chi seems a good choice for coronary disease rehabilitation in improving cardiorespiratory fitness. However, owing to the poor methodology quality, more clinical trials with large sample size, strict randomization, and clear description about detection and reporting processes are needed to further verify the evidence.

The association between pulmonary function impairment and colon inflammation in ulcerative colitis patients: A scientific basis for exterior-interior correlation between lung and large intestine.

OBJECTIVE: To investigated the involvement of pulmonary function impairment in ulcerative colitis (UC), to explore a scientific basis for the Chinese medicine (CM) theory of exterior-interior correlation between Lung (Fei) and Large intestine (Dachang). METHODS: Totally 120 patients with a diagnosis of UC were recruited and the demographics, clinical data, and blood samples were collected. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) concentrations were measured. Every patient accepted pulmonary function test and took chest radiograph (CXR).> RESULTS: Pulmonary function abnormalities were present in 72 of 120 patients. The median (interquartile range) vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) of lung, total lung capacity (TLC) and functional residual volume (FRV) were decreased in distal UC and pancolitis compared with ulcerative prochitis (P <0.0005). Male patients had increased VC, FEV1/FVC, and residual volume (RV)/TLC compared with female (P <0.0005), but decreased DLCO and carbon monoxide iffusion capacity (KCO) of lung/alveolar ventilation (P <0.0005). Age was strongly correlated with RV (Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs)=-0.57,P <0.0001), and RV/TLC (rs=0.48,P<0.0001). Age was also correlated with FEV1/FVC (rs=-0.29, P=0.001), forced expiratory flow in 75% vital capacity (FEF75%, rs=-0.20, P=0.03), DLCO (rs=-0.21, P=0.02), TLC (rs=-0.25, P=0.006), and FRV (rs=-0.28, P=0.002). The course of disease was correlated with FEF75% (rs=-0.18, P=0.049) and KCO (rs=-0.19, P=0.036). Chest radiograph abnormalities were presented in 38 of 120. Pulmonary symptoms were presented in 10 of 120. Other extraintestinal complications were presented in 21 of 120. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary function impairment was more frequently than other extraintestinal complications in UC patients, which may be affected by sex, age, extent and course of disease. These results may be a scientific basis for the theory of exterior-interior correlation between Lung and Large intestine.

The association between pulmonary function impairment and colon inflammation in ulcerative colitis patients: A scientific basis for exterior-interior correlation between lung and large intestine / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigated the involvement of pulmonary function impairment in ulcerative colitis (UC), to explore a scientific basis for the Chinese medicine (CM) theory of exterior-interior correlation between Lung (Fei) and Large intestine (Dachang).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 120 patients with a diagnosis of UC were recruited and the demographics, clinical data, and blood samples were collected. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) concentrations were measured. Every patient accepted pulmonary function test and took chest radiograph (CXR).> RESULTS: Pulmonary function abnormalities were present in 72 of 120 patients. The median (interquartile range) vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV), carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DL) of lung, total lung capacity (TLC) and functional residual volume (FRV) were decreased in distal UC and pancolitis compared with ulcerative prochitis (P <0.0005). Male patients had increased VC, FEV/FVC, and residual volume (RV)/TLC compared with female (P <0.0005), but decreased DLand carbon monoxide iffusion capacity (K) of lung/alveolar ventilation (P <0.0005). Age was strongly correlated with RV (Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs)=-0.57,P <0.0001), and RV/TLC (rs=0.48,P<0.0001). Age was also correlated with FEV/FVC (rs=-0.29, P=0.001), forced expiratory flow in 75% vital capacity (FEF75%, rs=-0.20, P=0.03), DL(rs=-0.21, P=0.02), TLC (rs=-0.25, P=0.006), and FRV (rs=-0.28, P=0.002). The course of disease was correlated with FEF75% (rs=-0.18, P=0.049) and K(rs=-0.19, P=0.036). Chest radiograph abnormalities were presented in 38 of 120. Pulmonary symptoms were presented in 10 of 120. Other extraintestinal complications were presented in 21 of 120.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pulmonary function impairment was more frequently than other extraintestinal complications in UC patients, which may be affected by sex, age, extent and course of disease. These results may be a scientific basis for the theory of exterior-interior correlation between Lung and Large intestine.</p>

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for treating disorders of the temopromandibular joint / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs).Methods Sixty patients with a temporomandibular joint disorder were randomly divided into an ESWT group and a control group,each of 30.Both groups were given routine rehabilitation training,but the treatment group additionally received ESWT for 2 weeks.Fricton's index was used to evaluate temporomandibular joint function.The subjects used a visual analogue scale (VAS) to evaluate their pain levels.The SF-36 scale was applied to assess their life quality.Results After two weeks of treatment,the average assessment score and VAS score had decreased significantly in both groups.After treatment the average scores for mandibular movement,muscle palpation,joint noise and joint palpation,and the palpation,dysfunction and craniomandibular indexes were all significantly lower in the ESWT group than in the control group.Significant differences were also found in the average VAS scores and on the social functioning domain of the SF-36 between the ESWT group and the control group.Conclusion ESWT combined with rehabilitation training can significantly relieve the symptoms and pain of TMDs.

HPLC-ELSD for determining contents of three triterpenoidal saponins in fruits of Buddleja lindleyana from different habitats / 中国中药杂志

To establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the quantification of triterpenoids in the fruits of Buddleja lindleyana. The RP-HPLC-ELSD method was used for the determination of triterpenoids in B. lindleyana fruits, which were collected from different habitats. The column used was a packed with 5 μm stationary phase Waters SunFireTM C₁₈ (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of Methanol-water(82∶18) at a flow rate of 1 mL•min⁻¹. Column temperature： 30 ℃. ELSD conditions： drift tube temperature： 106 ℃; carrier gas (nitrogen) flow rate： 1.5 L•min⁻¹; amplification factor： 1. The calibration curves showed good linear relationship on a range from 0.702 to 28.08 μg(r=0.999 2) for Clinoposaponin III, 0.390 to 15.60 μg(r=0.998 9) for Desrhamnoverbascosaponin and 0.192 to 7.68μg(r=0.999 0) for Mimengoside I. The average recovery rate(n=6) were 99.41%, 99.08% and 98.67% and it's RSD were 0.86%, 1.56% and 1.80%. This method can be used to determine the contents of triterpenoids in the fruits of Buddleja lindleyana for its simplicity, accurateness and reliability.

Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula inhibits vascular remodeling by reducing proliferation and secretion of adventitial fibroblast after balloon injury.

Vascular remodeling occurs in atherosclerosis, hypertension, and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Adventitial remodeling may be a potential therapeutic target. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula uses therapeutic principles from Chinese medicine to supplement Qi, activate blood circulation, and resolve toxin and it has been shown to inhibit vascular stenosis. To investigate effects and mechanisms of the formula on inhibiting vascular remodeling, especially adventitial remodeling, rats with a balloon injury to their common carotid artery were used and were treated for 7 or 28 days after injury. The adventitial area and α -SMA expression increased at 7 days after injury, which indicated activation and proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula reduced the adventitial areas at 7 days, attenuated the neointima and vessel wall area, stenosis percent, and α -SMA expression in the neointima, and reduced collagen content and type I/III collagen ratio in the adventitia at 28 days. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula had more positive effects than Captopril in reducing intimal proliferation and diminishing stenosis, although Captopril lowered neointimal α -SMA expression and reduced the collagen content at 28 days. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula has inhibitory effects on positive and negative remodeling by reducing adventitial and neointimal proliferation, reducing content, and elevating adventitial compliance.

Yiqi Huoxue Recipe Improves Heart Function through Inhibiting Apoptosis Related to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Myocardial Infarction Model of Rats.

Objective. To explore the mechanism of cardioprotective effects of Chinese medicine, Yiqi Huoxue recipe, in rats with myocardial infarction- (MI-) induced heart failure. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation or sham operation. The surviving MI rats were divided randomly into three groups: MI (5 mL/kg/d NS by gavage), MI + Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) (12 mg/kg/d MT by gavage), and MI + Yiqi Huoxue (5 mL/kg recipe by gavage). And the sham operation rats were given 5 mL/kg/d normal saline. Treatments were given on the day following surgery for 4 weeks. Then rats were detected for heart structure and function by transthoracic echocardiography. Apoptosis in heart tissues was detected by TUNEL staining. To determine whether the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathway is included in the cardioprotective function of the recipe, ER stress related proteins such as GRP78 and caspase-12 were examined. Results. Yiqi Huoxue recipe attenuated heart function injury, reversed histopathological damage, alleviated myocardial apoptosis and inhibited ER stress in MI rats. Conclusion. All the results suggest that Yiqi Huoxue recipe improves the injured heart function maybe through inhibition of ER stress response pathway, which is a promising target in therapy for heart failure.

Therapeutic Efficacy Analysis of Balancing Yin-yang Manipulation for Post-stroke Upper Limb Spasticity / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the effect of balancing yin-yang needling manipulation on post-stroke upper limb spasticity and changes of electromyography (EMG) after treatment. Methods: A total of 60 eligible cases were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group, 30 in each group. Based on routine medication, cases in the control group were treated with conventional needling manipulation, whereas cases in the observation group were treated with balancing yin-yang manipulation. After the courses of treatment were completed, the therapeutic efficacies were evaluated using modified Ashworth scale and clinical spasticity index (CSI), coupled with the integrated electromyography (IEMG) and root mean square (RMS) value of biceps in passive flexion of the elbow joint during isokinetic testing recorded with the surface EMG. Results: The total effective rate in the observation group was 86.7%, versus 53.3% in the control group, showing a statistical significance (P Conclusion:Balancing yin-yang and conventional needling manipulations can both improve upper limb spasm and reduce CSI as well as IEMG and RMS values in stroke patients;however, balancing yin-yang manipulation is better than conventional manipulation in clinical effect.

[Effects of ligustrazine on the mitochondrial structure and functions in the process myocardial hypertrophy].

OBJECTIVE: To explore changes of mitochondrial structure and functions, as well as the protection of ligustrazine in the process of myocardial hypertrophy. METHODS: Neonatal myocardial cells were isolated and cultured with angiotensin II (Ang II) for 72 or 96 h. The total protein content was detected using BCA method. The cell diameter was measured by inverted microscope, by which to reflect the proliferation situation of cardiomyocytes. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by fluorescence microscope. The mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was detected by spectrophotometer. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity and the mitochondrial damage percentage were detected by microplate reader, by which to reflect the damage of mitochondrial outer membrane's structure and the membranes' function. Also, cells were treated with ligustrazine and losartan and then the pharmacological effects on the mitochondrial structure and functions in the myocardial cells treated with Ang II were observed. RESULTS: At 72 h and 96 h, when compared with the blank group, cells treated with Ang II had increased total protein content (P < 0.01) and enlarged diameter (P < 0.01). Treated with Ang II, the MAO activity and the outer membrane damage percentage of myocardial cells significantly increased (P < 0.01), and mitochondrial COX activity and the mitochondrial MMP significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group at the same time period, ligustrazine significantly reduced myocardial cells' total protein content and myocardial cell diameter, and significantly decreased myocardial cells' MAO activity, increased mitochondrial COX activity, improved the outer membrane damage percentage and inner membrane MMP at 72 and 96 h, all showing statistical difference (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During the process of myocardial hypertrophy existed the damage to the mitochondrial structure and functions. Ligustrazine protected the mitochondrial structure and functions of the myocardial cells in reversing Ang II induced myocardial cell hypertrophy.

The Effects of Velvet Antler of Deer on Cardiac Functions of Rats with Heart Failure following Myocardial Infarction.

Velvet antler of deer (VAD) is a commonly-used kidney-Yang supplementing traditional Chinese medication. According to the heart-kidney-related theory, heart Yang originates in kidney Yang and heart failure due to heart Yang deficiency can be treated by tonifying kidney Yang. In this study, we investigated therapeutic effects of VAD on cardiac functions in rats with heart failure following myocardial infarction. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were subjected either to left coronary artery ligation (N = 36) or to sham operation (N = 12). One week after the surgery, rats with heart failure received daily treatment of double-distilled water, captopril or VAD by gavage for consecutively four weeks, while sham-operated animals were given double-distilled water. Ultrasonic echocardiography was adopted to examine cardiac structural and functional parameters and serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration was measured using radioimmunoassay. We found that VAD partially reversed changes in cardiac functional parameters and serum BNP levels in rats with heart failure. These results provide further evidence for the heart-kidney-related theory and suggest that VAD might be a potentially alternative and complementary medicine for the treatment of heart failure.

Effects of ligustrazine on the mitochondrial structure and functions in the process myocardial hypertrophy / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore changes of mitochondrial structure and functions, as well as the protection of ligustrazine in the process of myocardial hypertrophy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Neonatal myocardial cells were isolated and cultured with angiotensin II (Ang II) for 72 or 96 h. The total protein content was detected using BCA method. The cell diameter was measured by inverted microscope, by which to reflect the proliferation situation of cardiomyocytes. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by fluorescence microscope. The mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was detected by spectrophotometer. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity and the mitochondrial damage percentage were detected by microplate reader, by which to reflect the damage of mitochondrial outer membrane's structure and the membranes' function. Also, cells were treated with ligustrazine and losartan and then the pharmacological effects on the mitochondrial structure and functions in the myocardial cells treated with Ang II were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 72 h and 96 h, when compared with the blank group, cells treated with Ang II had increased total protein content (P < 0.01) and enlarged diameter (P < 0.01). Treated with Ang II, the MAO activity and the outer membrane damage percentage of myocardial cells significantly increased (P < 0.01), and mitochondrial COX activity and the mitochondrial MMP significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group at the same time period, ligustrazine significantly reduced myocardial cells' total protein content and myocardial cell diameter, and significantly decreased myocardial cells' MAO activity, increased mitochondrial COX activity, improved the outer membrane damage percentage and inner membrane MMP at 72 and 96 h, all showing statistical difference (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>During the process of myocardial hypertrophy existed the damage to the mitochondrial structure and functions. Ligustrazine protected the mitochondrial structure and functions of the myocardial cells in reversing Ang II induced myocardial cell hypertrophy.</p>

[Effects of Chinese herbal medicines Shengmai injection and Xuesaitong injection on ventricular fibrillation threshold and connexin 43 expression in rats with myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Shengmai injection and Xuesaitong injection, compound Chinese herbal medicines for replenishing qi and activating blood, on ventricular fibrillation threshold, heart structure and connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: One hundred male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, Yiqi Huoxue (YQHX) group (Shengmai injection plus Xuesaitong injection) and captopril group. MI model of rats was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery, and rats in sham operation group were prepared in the same way except for the ligation of coronary artery. Rats were treated with corresponding drugs for 1 month from next day after modeling. After treatment ventricular fibrillation threshold was detected, and heart weight index, left ventricular internal diameter and percentage of myocardial infarction were measured. Expression of Cx43 mRNA in myocardium was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and expression of Cx43 protein was observed by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, ventricular fibrillation threshold decreased significantly, heart weight index and left ventricular internal diameter increased, while expressions of Cx43 mRNA and protein decreased remarkably in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, ventricular fibrillation threshold was increased significantly, heart weight index, left ventricular internal diameter and percentage of myocardial infarction were decreased significantly in the YQHX group and captopril group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). When it comes to expression of Cx43, both Cx43 mRNA and protein expressions were increased remarkably in the YQHX group compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while only density mean and integral optical density of Cx43 protein expression were increased significantly in the captopril group (P<0.05). The enhancements on Cx43 mRNA and positive area sum of Cx43 protein induced by YQHX drugs were stronger than those induced by captopril (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Shengmai injection and Xuesaitong injection have beneficial effects on ventricular fibrillation threshold in rats with MI. The mechanism is related with improving heart structure and reducing Cx43 expression after MI.

Characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain epidemiological data on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapeutic status of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to determine TCM characteristics and advantages to improve the level of TCM prevention and treatment of AMI. METHODS: Clinical epidemiology methods were used to register and survey the TCM therapeutic status of hospitalized AMI patients. In 2001, the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine surveyed the therapeutic status of 3308 AMI patients hospitalized in 30 hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai from 2000-2001. The Beijing Collaborative Study Group on Therapeutic Status of Acute Myocardial Infarction (the Study Group) then conducted a 10-year-long register survey on hospitalized AMI patients in Third-grade A-Level TCM hospitals in Beijing. After 2002, the Study Group further surveyed the treatment conditions of AMI-hospitalized patients in 10 Second-grade A-Level TCM hospitals. The therapeutic status in 8 Third-grade A-Level Western medicine hospitals was surveyed in 2001 and 2005 as a control. In 2008, in cooperation with the China Association of Chinese Medicine, the Study Group further performed a survey at 26 Third-grade A-Level TCM hospitals nation-wide. Approximately 5000 cases were investigated to obtain authoritative data on the therapeutic status of AMI patients in TCM hospitals in China. RESULTS: We found that Chinese herbal intravenous preparations may be beneficial in reducing the mortality of AMI. Major complications of AMI, such as heart failure and arrhythmia, were significantly less during the 10-year survey period. The mortality of hospitalized AMI patients showed a decline. TCM treatment was helpful for AMI patients in improving their quality of life. Ten-year dynamic monitoring showed that the ability to perform reperfusion and to use drugs appropriately, as well as an effort to carry out the Clinical Guidelines has made great progress in TCM hospitals. However, TCM hospitals still have some problems in treating AMI, including a lack of standardized TCM syndrome diagnosis, the need for syndrome differentiation and treatment standardization, and clinical skills in reperfusion and standardized drug treatment still need to be further improved. Compared with AMI patients in Western medicine hospitals during the same period, those in TCM hospitals had the following characteristics: they were admitted to hospital later; they were older when they had a heart attack; there were more females, they had more problems in their medical history, and they had more concomitant illnesses and complications. Therefore, the demographic baseline data were significantly different between AMI patients in TCM hospitals and those in Western medicine hospitals. This indicated that patients in TCM hospitals were more critical than those in Western medicine hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: TCM has special advantages in treating AMI. TCM hospitals are making continuous progress in standardized treatment of AMI, but further improvement is still required. AMI patients in TCM hospitals have some special characteristics, and their condition may be more critical. Further clinical research on TCM treatment of AMI is required.

[Effects of huoxue injection on the adherence of human monocytes to endothelial cells and expression of vascular cell adhesion molecules].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Huoxue Injection (HXI, a Chinese herbal preparation consisted of red sage, chuanxiong, safflower and red peony root) on the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and the adherence of monocytes to endothelial cells in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). METHODS: Model of injured cell was established by adding ox-LDL into the culture of HUVECs, and the model cells were intervened with HXI. The adhesive percentage of the model cells to monocytes was determined by protein quantification; mRNA and protein expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were determined by RT-PCR and flow cytometry respectively. RESULTS: After HUVEC being treated with ox-LDL for 12 h and 24 h, its adhesion rate to monocytes increased, with the mRNA and protein expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HUVEC enhanced significantly, showing significant differences as compared with those in the normal control (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). HXI could significantly reverse the above-mentioned changes dose-dependently, showing that these parameters in the HXI intervened cells significantly different to those in the untreated model cells respectively. CONCLUSION: HXI could inhibit the adherence of endothelial cells to monocytes by way of down-regulating the endothelial superficial adhesion molecules, so as to display its protection on endothelial cells, which should be helpful for reducing or suppressing the formation of atherosclerosis.

[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on angiotensin II -induced proliferation and type I collagen synthesis of rat cardiac fibroblasts].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the proliferation and type I collagen synthesis of rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), and to explore the mechanism of TMP in treating myocardial fibrosis. METHODS: CFBs were isolated from neonatal rats, and the fourth-passage CFBs were used in the entire test and were stimulated by 0.1 micromol/L Ang II in vivo. The CFB proliferation was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Type I collagen in the cell culture supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of mRNA of type I collagen was semi-quantitatively measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: (1) In MTT assay, the optical density of CFBs cultured with 0.1 micromol/L Ang II was higher than that of the blank control cultured with 2% fetal bovine serum-Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (FBS-DMEM). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Both optical densities of CFBs cultured with 0.1 micromol/L Ang II plus 800 microg/mL TMP and 0.1 micromol/L Ang II plus 600 microg/mL TMP were lower than that of CFBs cultured with 0.1 micromol/L Ang II, but only the difference between 0.1 micromol/L AngII plus 800 microg/mL TMP group and 0.1 micromol/L Ang II group was significant (P < 0.05). (2) The content of type I collagen secreted by CFBs cultured with 0.1 micromol/L Ang II was higher than that with 2% FBS-DMEM (P < 0.01). The content of type I collagen secreted by CFBs cultured with 0.1 micromol/L Ang II plus 800 microg/mL TMP was lower than that with 0.1 micromol/L Ang II (P < 0.05). (3) The level of type I collagen mRNA in 0.1 micromol/L Ang II group was higher than that in blank control group, and lower than that in 0.1 micromol/L Ang II plus 800 microg/mL TMP group. Both the differences between 0.1 micromol/L Ang II group and the blank control group and between 0.1 micromol/L Ang II group and 0.1 micromol/L Ang II plus 800 microg/mL TMP group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: TMP can not only inhibit the proliferation of CFBs, but also decrease the secretion and the mRNA expression level of collagen I in cultured CFBs of rat which are increased by Ang II.

[Effects of Qingkailing effective components on nuclear factor-kappa B in an ischemia-reperfusion injury model of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To establish an ischemia-reperfusion injury model of rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) in vitro, and to explore the relationship between nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and the protective effects of Qingkailing effective components (hyocholic acid, taurocholic acid, baicalin, jasminoidin, Pinctada martensii) on MVECs. METHODS: Brain MVECs of male rats were digested with trypsin and subcultured, then the content of MVECs was adjusted to 1x10 (5)/mL and the MVECs were divided into normal control group, untreated group, hyocholic acid group, taurocholic acid group, baicalin group, jasminoidin group, Pinctada martensii group and nimodipine group, with six holes in each group. Except for the normal control group, the MVECs in the other groups were exposed in oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) circumstance in vitro to simulate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Immunocytochemical staining and image analysis system were used to observe the expression of NF-kappaB protein. RESULTS: Under a light microscope, the nuclei of MVECs in the normal control group were blank. Staining intensity of NF-kappaB protein in the nucleus in the untreated group was much deeper than that in the endochylema, with NF-kappaB shifted to nucleus after activation; a small quantity of NF-kappaB protein were expressed in the border of nucleus next to endochylema in groups of Qingkailing effective components, and the NF-kappaB protein expression was weaker than that in the untreated group. With the image analysis, we found that transmittance of nucleus and endochylema in the untreated group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.01). Transmittance of nucleus and endochylema in the treated groups was higher than that in the untreated group (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Qingkailing effective components have significant effect in inhibiting NF-kappaB protein transferring from endochylema to nucleus in vitro.

Effects of huoxue injection on the adherence of human monocytes to endothelial cells and expression of vascular cell adhesion molecules / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Huoxue Injection (HXI, a Chinese herbal preparation consisted of red sage, chuanxiong, safflower and red peony root) on the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and the adherence of monocytes to endothelial cells in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Model of injured cell was established by adding ox-LDL into the culture of HUVECs, and the model cells were intervened with HXI. The adhesive percentage of the model cells to monocytes was determined by protein quantification; mRNA and protein expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were determined by RT-PCR and flow cytometry respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After HUVEC being treated with ox-LDL for 12 h and 24 h, its adhesion rate to monocytes increased, with the mRNA and protein expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HUVEC enhanced significantly, showing significant differences as compared with those in the normal control (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). HXI could significantly reverse the above-mentioned changes dose-dependently, showing that these parameters in the HXI intervened cells significantly different to those in the untreated model cells respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HXI could inhibit the adherence of endothelial cells to monocytes by way of down-regulating the endothelial superficial adhesion molecules, so as to display its protection on endothelial cells, which should be helpful for reducing or suppressing the formation of atherosclerosis.</p>

Changes of Cardiotrophin-1 and Brain Natriuretic Peptide after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass / 天津医药

Objective: To investigate the changes of peripheral cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABC), and the clinical significance of peripheral CT-1 and BNP in cardiac surgery thereof. Methods:Fifty elective OPCABG patients were included in the study. The concentrations of CT-l and BNP were measured before surgery, and at 6 hours, 72 hours, 1 week and 10 months after the operation respectively. The clinical data of the heart function were also collected in patients . Results:(1 )The peripheral CT-1 levels were significantly higher at 10 months after OPCABC than those before operation. (2 )The concentration of peripheral BNP increased at 6 hours after operation. The peak level was found at 72 hours, and remained higher level until the 1 week after operation. The BNP concentration was returned to the normal level at 10 months after OPCABG. (3 )The baseline levels of CT-1 and BNP were both positively correlated with NYHA rank and the diameter of the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEED), but negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, no correlations were found between CT-1 and BNP and NYHA rank, LVEF or LVEED at 10 months after OPCAB. Conclusion:The perioperative blood BNP levels were increased significantly by OPCABG, while perioperative level of CT-1 increased slowly compared with that of BNP. In cardiac surgery,perioperative concentrations of CT-1 and BNP may reflect the cardiac function in patients before OPCABG. The further studies are warranted to assess the prognosis.