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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by emotion dysregulation. Whether implicit emotion regulation can compensate for this deficit remains unknown. In this study, we recruited 159 subjects who were healthy controls, had subclinical depression, or had MDD, and examined them under baseline, implicit, and explicit reappraisal conditions. Explicit reappraisal led to the most negative feelings and the largest parietal late positive potential (parietal LPP, an index of emotion intensity) in the MDD group compared to the other two groups; the group difference was absent under the other two conditions. MDD patients showed larger regulatory effects in the LPP during implicit than explicit reappraisal, whereas healthy controls showed a reversed pattern. Furthermore, the frontal P3, an index of voluntary cognitive control, showed larger amplitudes in explicit reappraisal compared to baseline in the healthy and subclinical groups, but not in the MDD group, while implicit reappraisal did not increase P3 across groups. These findings suggest that implicit reappraisal is beneficial for clinical depression.
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Humans , Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology , Emotional Regulation , Depression , Emotions/physiology , Cognition/physiologyABSTRACT
Objective:To explor the effects of mentalization-based family therapy (MBFT) on the emotions of anxiety and depression, reflective functions, and related brain regions of adolescents with depression.Methods:Thirty-two adolescent patients with depression were selected in Beijing Huilongguan Hospital.Among them, fifteen patients treated with conventional drugs were defined as the control group, the other seventeen patients served as the observation group.On the basis of routine drug treatment, patients in the observation group were treated with 1.5 h MBFT once a week, for a total of 3 months.Among them, 10 patients underwent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI) scans before and after the intervention.SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis of scale evaluation data by using chi-square test and repeated-measure analysis of variance, and pairwise Pearson correlation was used to construct a brain network matrix for the MRI results.The patient's brain network matrix was put into Gretna to calculate, and then use repeated measures analysis of variance and t test for judgment. Results:(1)Repeated measurement analysis of variance showed, over time and group, before and after intervention, the group×time interactions of patients' reflective function, anxiety, depression were statistically significant ( F=5.113, 9.350, 5.264, all P<0.05). Further simple effect analysis showed, in the observation group, there were statistically significant differences in patients' anxiety ((55.09±14.35) vs (30.58±3.62)), depression ((61.58±16.81) vs (31.00±3.48)) before and after intervention (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in reflective function ((8.71±0.51) vs (8.87±0.50) ) in the observation group before and after intervention( P> 0.05). The reflective function((8.92±0.33) vs (8.73±0.35)) and anxiety((50.67±13.88) vs (45.78±12.89)) scores of the control group were not statistically significant different before and after intervention(all P>0.05), and the depression scores of the control group before and after inter-vention((69.33±9.11) vs (50.94±7.99)) were statistically significant different( P<0.01). (2)rs-fMRI showed that, using the posterior parietal lobe and the medial prefrontal lobe as seed points, the group×time interactions with right inferior frontal gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus were statistically significant ( F=29.56, 20.63, 8.69, 9.49, 8.62, all P<0.05). The further simple effect analysis showed in the observation group, the pre-test was less than the post-test, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). In the control group, there were not statistically significant differences in the functional connection strength before and after the test(all P>0.05). (3)The brain network analysis of 264 regions of interest (ROIs) in the whole brain showed that the number of modules in the observation group was less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.64, P=0.046). Conclusion:MBFT can improve the anxiety and depression of adolescent patients with depression.It enhances the functional link between mentalization related brain regions and the whole brain, and enhances the activity of the whole brain link to become more integrated.
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@#Objective To explore the effect of Naikan cognitive-music reminiscence therapy on coping style in female patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods In May, 2020, 72 female patients with chronic schizophrenia from Beijing Huilongguan Hospital were assigned into control group (n = 48) and music group (n = 24) after trait matching. Both groups accepted routine medicine, while the control group accepted Naikan cognitive therapy, and the music group accepted Naikan cognitive therapy combined music reminiscence, for twelve weeks. They were blind assessed with Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Self-rating Depression Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale before and after intervention.Results There were five cases in the control group removed for erroneous response. The main effects of group were not significant for all the assessments (F < 0.567, P > 0.05). The main effect of time was significant for negative coping style score (F = 6.968, P = 0.01), and the interaction effects were significant for positive coping style score and Self-rating Depression Scale score (F > 4.227, P < 0.05).Conclusion Combining with music reminiscence, Naikan cognitive therapy may be advantageous for the coping style of female patients with chronic schizophrenia.
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School-age children are in a specific development stage corresponding to juvenility, when the white matter of the brain experiences ongoing maturation. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI), especially diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is extensively used to characterize the maturation by assessing white matter properties in vivo. In the analysis of DWI data, spatial normalization is crucial for conducting inter-subject analyses or linking the individual space with the reference space. Using tensor-based registration with an appropriate diffusion tensor template presents high accuracy regarding spatial normalization. However, there is a lack of a standardized diffusion tensor template dedicated to school-age children with ongoing brain development. Here, we established the school-age children diffusion tensor (SACT) template by optimizing tensor reorientation on high-quality DTI data from a large sample of cognitively normal participants aged 6-12 years. With an age-balanced design, the SACT template represented the entire age range well by showing high similarity to the age-specific templates. Compared with the tensor template of adults, the SACT template revealed significantly higher spatial normalization accuracy and inter-subject coherence upon evaluation of subjects in two different datasets of school-age children. A practical application regarding the age associations with the normalized DTI-derived data was conducted to further compare the SACT template and the adult template. Although similar spatial patterns were found, the SACT template showed significant effects on the distributions of the statistical results, which may be related to the performance of spatial normalization. Looking forward, the SACT template could contribute to future studies of white matter development in both healthy and clinical populations. The SACT template is publicly available now ( https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/SACT_template/14071283 ).
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PURPOSE: To explore the differences in facial emotion recognition among patients with unipolar depression (UD), bipolar depression (BD), and normal controls. METHODS: Thirty patients with UD and 30 patients with BD, respectively, were recruited in Zhumadian Second People's Hospital from July 2018 to August 2019. Fifteen groups of facial expressions including happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust were identified. RESULTS: A single-factor ANOVA was used to analyze the facial expression recognition results of the three groups, and the differences were found in the happy-sad (P = 0.009), happy-angry (P = 0.001), happy-surprised (P = 0.034), and disgust-surprised (P = 0.038) facial expression groups. The independent sample T-test analysis showed that compared with the normal control group, there were differences in the happy-sad (P = 0.009) and happy-angry (P = 0.009) groups in patients with BD, and the accuracy of facial expression recognition was lower than the normal control group. Compared with patients with UD, there were differences between the happy-sad (P = 0.005) and happy-angry (P = 0.002) groups, and the identification accuracy of patients with UD was higher than that of patients with BD. The time of facial expression recognition in the normal control group was shorter than that in the patient group. Using happiness-sadness to distinguish unipolar and BDs, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.933, the specificity is 0.889, and the sensitivity is 0.667. Using happiness-anger to distinguish unipolar and BD, the AUC was 0.733, the specificity was 0.778, and the sensitivity was 0.600. CONCLUSION: Patients with UD had lower performance in recognizing negative expressions and had longer recognition times. Those with BD had lower accuracy in recognizing positive expressions and longer recognition times. Rapid facial expression recognition performance may be as a potential endophenotype for early identification of unipolar and BD.
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Objective: Considerable evidence has shown that facial expression recognition ability and cognitive function are impaired in patients with depression. We aimed to investigate the relationship between facial expression recognition and cognitive function in patients with depression. Methods: A total of 51 participants (i.e., 31 patients with depression and 20 healthy control subjects) underwent facial expression recognition tests, measuring anger, fear, disgust, sadness, happiness, and surprise. The Chinese version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), which assesses seven cognitive domains, was used. Results: When compared with a control group, there were differences in the recognition of the expressions of sadness (p = 0.036), happiness (p = 0.041), and disgust (p = 0.030) in a depression group. In terms of cognitive function, the scores of patients with depression in the Trail Making Test (TMT; p < 0.001), symbol coding (p < 0.001), spatial span (p < 0.001), mazes (p = 0.007), the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT; p = 0.001), category fluency (p = 0.029), and continuous performance test (p = 0.001) were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The accuracy of sadness and disgust expression recognition in patients with depression was significantly positively correlated with cognitive function scores. The deficits in sadness expression recognition were significantly correlated with the TMT (p = 0.001, r = 0.561), symbol coding (p = 0.001, r = 0.596), maze (p = 0.015, r = 0.439), and the BVMT (p = 0.044, r = 0.370). The deficits in disgust expression recognition were significantly correlated with impairments in the TMT (p = 0.005, r = 0.501) and symbol coding (p = 0.001, r = 0.560). Conclusion: Since cognitive function is impaired in patients with depression, the ability to recognize negative facial expressions declines, which is mainly reflected in processing speed, reasoning, problem-solving, and memory.
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The human brain undergoes rapid development during childhood, with significant improvement in a wide spectrum of cognitive and affective functions. Mapping domain- and age-specific brain activity patterns has important implications for characterizing the development of children’s cognitive and affective functions. The current mainstay of brain templates is primarily derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and thus is not ideal for mapping children’s cognitive and affective brain development. By integrating task-dependent functional MRI data from a large sample of 250 children (aged 7 to 12) across multiple domains and the latest easy-to-use and transparent preprocessing workflow, we here created a set of age-specific brain functional activity maps across four domains: attention, executive function, emotion, and risky decision-making. Moreover, we developed a toolbox named Developmental Brain Functional Activity maps across multiple domains that enables researchers to visualize and download domain- and age-specific brain activity maps for various needs. This toolbox and maps have been released on the Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse website (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/dbfa). Our study provides domain- and age-specific brain activity maps for future developmental neuroimaging studies in both healthy and clinical populations.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of remote endarterectomy in the treatment of complex lower extremity ischemia.Methods:Twenty-one limb ischemic patients underwent remote endarterectomy in Beijing Hospital from Sep 2016 to Feb 2020. Clinical data including general condition, the lesion of lower artery before operation and follow up outcomes were collected. Then the patency rate and limb salvage rate were calculated.Results:The technique success rate was 71.4% (15/21). The 3, 6, 12 month patency rate were 93.3%, 85.6% and 74.1%, respectively. The 1-year limb salvage rate was 93.3% (14/15). In the 6 patients converted to artificial vessel bypass, the 3,6,12 months patency rates were 76.7%, 66.7% and 46.8%, respectively. The 1-year limb salvage rate was 66.7%.Conclusions:Remote endarterectomy of the lower extremity artery is an alternative option in the treatment of complex ischemic lesions of the lower extremity artery, other than artificial vessel bypass.
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OBJECTIVE: Negative symptoms are currently viewed as having a 2-dimensional structure, with factors reflecting diminished expression (EXP) and motivation and pleasure (MAP). However, several factor-analytic studies suggest that the consensus around a 2-dimensional model is premature. The current study investigated and cross-culturally validated the factorial structure of BNSS-rated negative symptoms across a range of cultures and languages. METHOD: Participants included individuals diagnosed with a psychotic disorder who had been rated on the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) from 5 cross-cultural samples, with a total N = 1691. First, exploratory factor analysis was used to extract up to 6 factors from the data. Next, confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the fit of 5 models: (1) a 1-factor model, 2) a 2-factor model with factors of MAP and EXP, 3) a 3-factor model with inner world, external, and alogia factors; 4) a 5-factor model with separate factors for blunted affect, alogia, anhedonia, avolition, and asociality, and 5) a hierarchical model with 2 second-order factors reflecting EXP and MAP, as well as 5 first-order factors reflecting the 5 aforementioned domains. RESULTS: Models with 4 factors or less were mediocre fits to the data. The 5-factor, 6-factor, and the hierarchical second-order 5-factor models provided excellent fit with an edge to the 5-factor model. The 5-factor structure demonstrated invariance across study samples. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the validity of the 5-factor structure of BNSS-rated negative symptoms across diverse cultures and languages. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of negative symptoms.
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Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Psychotic Disorders/physiopathology , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Adult , China/ethnology , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Germany/ethnology , Humans , Italy/ethnology , Male , Middle Aged , Psychotic Disorders/classification , Psychotic Disorders/ethnology , Reproducibility of Results , Schizophrenia/classification , Schizophrenia/ethnology , Spain/ethnology , United States/ethnologyABSTRACT
Objective: To establish an intensity-classified Chinese facial emotion image database and provide materials for emotional researches in China. Methods: Firstly, under the guidance of professional director, 22 professional dramatic actors put up seven kinds of emotion, including anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, happy and calm. The process of facial emotional performance of actors were filmed by a high-speed camera. Then we made screen captures according to the intensity of emotion performed by the actors. A total of 814 black-and-white photographs with same size and gray level were made after we removed the irrelevant parts to the facial features. Each kind of emotion contains six levels of intensity scoring from 1 to 6. Totally, 112 healthy volunteers were recruited to evaluate the emotional intensity, pleasure and arousal of all images via a visual scale ranged from 0 to 100. Results: A Chinese face emotional intensity hierarchical picture library was set up, which contained 2 sublibraries. The first library was consisted of 436 images with hierarchical emotional intensity images collected from different performers. The second one was built with 640 images, in which the hierarchical emotional intensity image was collected from same actor/actress. Both image libraries had corresponding scores for intensity, pleasure, and arousal. Furthermore, both exhibited a high degree of internal consistency in reliability analysis (with a Cronbach' s alpha value larger than 0. 9). Conclusion: The present study has established an intensity-classified Chinese facial emotion image database with good recognition degree and psychological measurement attribution, which could provide materials for emotional researches in China.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of excimer laser atherectomy (ELA) combined with drug-coated balloon (DCB) in the treatment of lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans.Methods From Sep 2016 to Dec 2018 42 patients (42 limbs) underwent ELA combined with DCB therapy.Results There were 27 males and 15 females.The mean age was (65.7 ±9.7) years.The average lesion length was (14.3 ±7.5) cm.The technical success rate was 100％ and the remission rate of clinical symptoms was 92.9％.Ankle-brachial index was significantly improved from (0.45 ± 0.15) pre-operation to (0.85 ± 0.13) postoperation (P =0.001).The mean follow-up was 10.9 months.At 3,6,and 12 months follow-up,the primary patency rate was 95.2％,92.8％ and 84.9％.The 1-year limb salvage rate was 95.2％.Conclusion ELA combined with DCB has a good 1-year results as our data reveal.
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Objective To investigate the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in stable schizophrenia patients, and to explore the relationship between serum VEGF level and clinical symptoms. Methods Seventy-five patients with stable schizophrenia and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. The levels of serum VEGF were detected by flow multiplex protein analysis. The clinical symptoms of patients were assessed by positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS). Results The level of serum VEGF was significantly lower in patients group than in healthy control group [medians (lower and upper quartiles) were 3.77 (2.61, 5.14) pg/mL vs. 6.21 (4.37, 11.16) pg/mL, P＜0.01]. There was no significant difference in serum VEGF levels between patients with different gender, smoking or family history of mental illness (P＞0.05). The level of VEGF was negatively correlated with the total score of PANSS (r=-0.27, P=0.03), negative symptom subscale score (r=-0.25, P=0.04), lack of response score (r=-0.26, P=0.02), but not with other PANSS scores (P＞0.05). Conclusion The serum level of VEGF in patients with stable schizophrenia is lower than that in healthy control group. There is, to some degree, a relationship between the level of VEGF and the severity of clinical symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia.
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Objective To explore the relationship between plasma cytokine level and cognitive function in patients with stable schizophrenia and explore the possible role of cytokine in the occurrence mechanism of cognitive impairment in them.Methods A total of 75 stable patients who met the mental disorder diagnostic criteria of DSM-ⅣV (patient group) and 40 healthy people (control group) were included in the essay.The method of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detected the concentrations of plasma proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β,IL-8,TNF-α and IFN-γas well as the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 in all research objects.The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess the cognitive function of patients.The relationship between plasma cytokines and cognitive function of patients were analyzed when the differences of the plasma cytokines concentrations were compared between the patient group and the control group.Results (1) Compared with the control group,plasma IL-8 (2.80 (2.13) pg/ml vs 0.23 (0.80) pg/ml),TNF-α (1.16 (0.47) pg/ml vs 0.67 (0.15) pg/ml) in the patient group showed statistically significant difference (P＜0.01).(2)In the partial correlation analysis of plasma cytokines and cognitive functions in patients,TNF-α was negatively correlated with the attention/vigilance dimensions(r=-0.29,P=0.03).Conclusion Stable schizophrenia patients have some problems with cytokine level.There is a correlation between TNF-α level and attention/vigilance dimensions.What's more,cytokine level immunological abnormalities may play some role in the development of cognitive impairment occurrence in patients.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between plasma cytokine level and cognitive function in patients with stable schizophrenia and explore the possible role of cytokine in the occurrence mechanism of cognitive impairment in them.@*Methods@#A total of 75 stable patients who met the mental disorder diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV (patient group) and 40 healthy people (control group) were included in the essay.The method of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detected the concentrations of plasma proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and IFN-γ as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 in all research objects.The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess the cognitive function of patients.The relationship between plasma cytokines and cognitive function of patients were analyzed when the differences of the plasma cytokines concentrations were compared between the patient group and the control group.@*Results@#(1)Compared with the control group, plasma IL-8 (2.80(2.13)pg/ml vs 0.23 (0.80)pg/ml), TNF-α (1.16(0.47)pg/ml vs 0.67(0.15)pg/ml) in the patient group showed statistically significant difference (P<0.01). (2)In the partial correlation analysis of plasma cytokines and cognitive functions in patients, TNF-α was negatively correlated with the attention/vigilance dimensions(r=-0.29, P=0.03).@*Conclusion@#Stable schizophrenia patients have some problems with cytokine level.There is a correlation between TNF-α level and attention/vigilance dimensions.What's more, cytokine level immunological abnormalities may play some role in the development of cognitive impairment occurrence in patients.
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Objective To explore the role of decorin (DCN) on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by analyzing the correlation between serum DCN levels and cognitive impairment in the first-episode drug-native (FEDN) patients with schizophrenia.Methods 30 FEDN patients with schizophrenia and 30 age and gender matched healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled.The psychopathological symptoms were assessed by the PANSS and the cognitive function was assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB).The serum DCN levels were measured by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The difference of DCN levels between the two groups were compared and the correlations of serum DCN levels to age,sex,the score of the MCCB and PANSS were analyzed.Results The serum DCN levels were lower in patients with schizophrenia than those in control group ((1.56±0.96) ng/ml vs (3.35± 1.71) ng/ml,P＜ 0.01).The serum DCN levels were positively correlated with the positive symptom score (r=0.41,P=0.03).The serum DCN levels were significantly negatively correlated with MCCB verbal fluency (r =-0.40,P =0.04),verbal memory (r=-0.42,P=0.02),visual memory (r=-0.39,P=0.04),continuous operation (r=-0.41,P=0.03),encoding symbols (r=-0.49,P=0.01),T line (r=-0.42,P=0.02) and total score (r=-0.55,P＜0.01),and after controlling the age and gender,the relationships were still exist.Conclusion It suggests that serum DCN levels are associated with cognitive function in first-episode patients with schizophrenia,and that DCN may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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This paper briefly introduces the structure and function of α7nAChR, and mainly reviews the relevant researches about the relationship between a7nAChR and cognition of schizophrenia in the last ten years from molecule genetics and new targets of medication two aspects. It suggests that the abnormal α7AChR is involved in cognition impairment of schizophrenia, and the a7nAChR agonist is probably able to improve the impaired cognition in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, KAT-2 as a key enzyme acting on its endogenous antagonist KYNA is also promising to become a new drug target
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Objective:To investigate the association between catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)Vall58Met polymorphism and prepulse inhibition of the auditory startle reflex (PPI) in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 178 patients with schizophrenia and 190 healthy volunteers were recruited.The auditory startle reflex was detected by using SR-HLAB monitoring system.The indexed of the auditory startle reflex included the amplitude,habituation％ and PPI30,PPI60,PPI120 (the lead interval was set 30 ms,60 ms,120 ms).COMT Vall58Met polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RELP).The differences of PPI among COMT genotypes were compared.Results:Compared to the healthy volunteers,patients with schizophrenia had a significant lower the amplitude of auditory startle reflex[(563± 460) mV vs (695 ± 447) mY,P ＜ 0.05] and habituation％ [(32 ± 46) vs (48 ± 33),P ＜ 0.01] as well as the ％PPI120[(27 ± 5) vs (35 ± 3),P ＜ 0.05].The significant differences in COMT allelic and genotypic distribions were observed between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers (x2 =8.16,11.74,Ps ＜ 0.05).The significant main effect of COMT genotype on habituation％ was observed (P ＜0.05) but no interaction genotype by diagnosis on the amplitude of auditory startle reflex,habituation％ and ％ PPI120 was observed (Ps ＞ 0.05).Conclusions:There may be a correlation between COMT genotype and adaptability,but not between COMT genotype and PPI deficit present in patients with schizophrenia
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Objective:To investigate the possible pathological mechanisms of tardive dyskinesia (TD) by analyzing brain cortex morphological changes and it's correlation to abnormal involuntary movement in schizophrenic patients with TD.Methods:Thirty-two schizophrenia patients with TD (TD group),31 schizophrenia patients without TD (non-TD group) and 21 healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited.Combined TD and non TD group into schizophrenia group.The psychopathological symptoms and abnormal involuntary movement were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS).The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and Freesurfer software were used to measure the gray matter volume,cortical thickness,cortical surface area and volume of sub-conical regions among the three groups.Results:Schizophrenia group had significantly smaller gray matter volume in right nucleus accumbens,bilateral hippocampus,left superior frontal gyrus,left precentral sulcus superior part,and cortical surface area in left precentral sulcus superior part than the controls.The TD group had significantly smaller gray matter volume in right nucleus accumbens,larger gyrus gray matter volume and conical surface area in left precentral sulcus superior part than non-TD group (Ps ＜ 0.05).To test the difference between TD and non-TD group further,the chlorpromazine equivalent dose and PANSS negative scores Was controlled,the TD group still had significantly larger gray matter volume and surface area in left precentral sulcus superior part than the non-TD group [(2.03 ±0.07) × 103mm3 vs.(1.68-± 0.07) × 103 mm3,(1.01 ± 0.03) × 103 mm2 vs.(0.84 ± 0.03) × 103 mm2;Ps ＜ 0.05].Correlation analyses showed in schizophrenia group the cortical thickness in right inferior frontal gyrus correlated negatively with PANSS positive and general scores,positively with total scores;cortical volume in left occipital temporal sulcus correlated negatively with PANSS general and total scores,right inferior frontal gyrus correlated positively with PANSS positive scores,right intraparietal sulcus correlated positively with PANSS positive scores.In TD group,the cortical volume in left precentral sulcus superior part correlated positively with AIMS scores (r =0.46,P ＜0.01).Conclusions:The schizophrenia patients with TD had significantly increased gray matter volume and cortical surface area in left precentral sulcus superior part,which suggested there were motion compensation in the left precentral sulcus superior part in the pathogenesis of TD.
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Objective:To investigate the roles of S100B protein and anti-brain antibody (ABAb) in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by analyzing the changes of the serum levels of S100B and ABAb and the relationships of the measures with cognition deficits in patients with AD.Methods:In this study,32 patients with AD(AD group) and 40 age-matched volunteers without cognitive impairment(control group) were enrolled.The diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ).The mental and social functional conditions were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL),the cognitive function of patients was evaluated with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale(ADAS-Cog).The serum S100B proteinand ABAb levels were examined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA).Results:The serum S100B protein[(0.66 ± 0.17) μg/L vs.(0.30 ± 0.04)μg/L] and ABAb [(1.93 ± 0.95) U/L vs.(1.31 ± 0.25) U/L] levels were higher in AD patients than in the controls (Ps ＜ 0.01).In AD patients,the serum S 100B protein markedly negatively correlated with the scores of the MMSE(r =-0.66),while positively correlated with ADL and ADAS-Cog(r =0.57,r =0.53)(Ps ＜ 0.005).ABAb levels negatively correlated with the scores of the MMSE(r =-0.57),while positively correlated with ADL and ADAS-Cog(r =0.52,r =0.34)(Ps ＜0.05).The serum S100B protein levels were positively related to ABAb levels in AD group(r =0.51.P ＜0.005),but not in control group(r =0.076,P =0.654).Conclusions:It suggests that the serum levels of S100B protein and ABAb are related with cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease,and S100B protein and ABAb might play key roles in mechanism of Alzheimer's disease.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effects of percutaneous trasluminal angioplasty (PTA) for ischemic lesions of below-the-knee(BTK) arteries in elderly patients.Methods Clinical data of 56 elderly patients(the PTA group) with ischemic lesions of BTK arteries who had received PTA treatment were retrospectively analyzed.The ankle brachial index (ABI) and the skin temperature of the affected foot were recorded and analyzed before and after treatment.The clinical effects were compared with those of conservative treatment 31 patients(the control group) had received during the same period.Results PTA was successfully performed in all of the 56 cases.The skin temperature rose,claudication disappeared or the claudication distance increased,rest pain disappeared or lessened,and no severe complications or death occurred in the PTA group.ABI increased from (0.41±0.12) before treatment to(0.63±0.21),(0.65±0.19),(0.67± 0.22),(0.61±0.20),and (0.58±0.18) at 24 hours,1,3,6 and 12 months after treatment,respectively.The skin temperature increased from(28.4±2.1)℃ before treatment to(35.4±2.4)℃,(35.6±2.1)℃,(35.8±2.4)℃,(34.6±2.1)℃ and(34.3±2)℃ at 24 hours,1,3,6 and 12 months after treatment,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in ABI and the skin temperature between before treatment and any time point after treatment(all P＜0.05) and between the PTA group and the control group at any time point after treatment(all P＜0.05).Conclusions PTA is a safe and effective treatment for ischemic lesions of BTK arteries in elderly patients.
