Effects of dietary salt intake restriction on blood glucose levels:a meta-analysis of crossover study

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#To identify modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and explore the relationship between diet sodium intake and blood glucose levels.MATERIALS/METHODS: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we extracted, analyzed, and assessed the available crossover studies of dietary salt intake restriction and insulin resistance in PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, Wanfang, and CNKI databases. @*RESULTS@#We included 6 studies with 8 sets of data, covering 485 subjects. I2 statistics results showed insignificant heterogeneity among all data (I 2 = 39.2% 0.05) indicated that insignificant publication bias existed. @*CONCLUSION@#This meta-analysis highlights the relationship between dietary sodium intake and blood glucose levels. Our findings show that higher blood glucose levels might be expected in hypertensive or normal people with low-salt consumption compared to those with normal or high-salt consumption, although these differences were not clinically significant.Trial Registration: PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42021256998

Evaluation of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity in children with electrical status epilepticus during sleep by transcranial Doppler-video electroencephalography and its significance / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To evaluate the middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity in children with electrical status epileptic during sleep (ESES) by transcranial Doppler (TCD)-video electroencephalography (VEEG), and analyze its clinical significance.Methods:The clinical data of 40 children with ESES (ESES group) in Zhangjiakou First Hospital of Hebei Province from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean flow velocity of middle cerebral artery (MCA mean) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow fluctuation value during deep sleep were measured by TCD-VEEG, and the results were compared with 40 healthy children (healthy control group) during the same period. The relationship between MCA mean, MCA flow fluctuation value during deep sleep and clinical characteristics was analyzed by multivariate stepwise regression. Results:The MCA mean and MCA flow fluctuation value during deep sleep in ESES group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group: (17.87 ± 7.38)% vs. (2.07 ± 1.11)% and (92.92 ± 21.64) cm/s vs. (58.11 ± 8.04) cm/s, and there were statistical differences ( t = 13.389 and 9.536, P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in MCA mean and MCA flow fluctuation value during deep sleep in children with benign epilepsy with central temporal spinous wave (16 cases), benign epilepsy variant with central temporal spinous wave (13 cases) and acquired epileptic aphasia (11 cases) ( P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in MCA mean and MCA flow fluctuation value during deep sleep in children with multifocal epileptic foci (16 cases), bilateral asymmetric epileptic foci (16 cases) and bilateral synchronous symmetric epileptic foci (8 cases)( P>0.05). The MCA flow fluctuation value during deep sleep in children with absolute synchronization and fully generalized ESES (16 cases) was significantly higher than that in children with asymmetric ESES (24 cases): (22.37 ± 2.37)% vs. (15.37 ± 5.37)%, and there was statistical difference ( t = 4.890, P<0.01); there was no statistical difference in MCA mean during deep sleep between 2 types of children ( P>0.05). The MCA flow fluctuation value during deep sleep in children with non obvious cognitive impairment (14 cases), mild cognitive impairment (13 cases) and severe cognitive impairment (13 cases) was (14.21 ± 5.20)%, (17.97 ± 7.45)% and (22.10 ± 7.94)%, and there was statistical difference ( F = 4.376, P<0.05); there was no statistical difference in MCA mean during deep sleep in 3 types of children ( P>0.05). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis result showed that the MCA flow fluctuation value during deep sleep had positive correlation with the degree of cognitive impairment in children with ESES ( r = 0.391, P<0.05). Conclusions:The fluctuation value of MCA during deep sleep by TCD-VEEG examination is positively correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment in children with ESES, which may be a reliable way for clinical evaluation of the degree of cognitive impairment in children with ESES.

Lidar full-waveform decomposition based on empirical mode decomposition and local-Levenberg-Marquard fitting.

The light detection and ranging (LIDAR) full-waveform echo decomposition method based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the local-Levenberg-Marquard (LM) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed method can decompose the full-waveform echo into a series of components, each of which can be assumed as essentially Gaussian. The original full-waveform echo is decomposed into the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a final residual by using the EMD first. Then, the average period (Tm¯) and corresponding energy densities (EDs) of all IMFs are calculated. A suitable IMF is selected based on the relationship between the EDs of IMFs and the white-noise theoretical spread lines of the 99% confidence-limit level. The components in the full-waveform echo can be detected according to the positions of the maxima of the selected IMF. The initial parameters are estimated by using local-LM fitting. The initial parameters are fitted by global-LM fitting. Compared to the traditional (zero-crossing) ZC method, the proposed method has strong anti-noise performance. It can precisely detect the components and estimate the initial parameters of the components. The proposed method is verified by using the synthetic data; coding LIDAR recorded data; and Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor data.

Radix Astragali decreases the risk of insulin resistance in insulin-treated diabetic rats through lowering oxidative stress / 中国医师杂志

Objective Fluctuation of glucose levels is more likely to cause oxidative stress which contributes to the development of insulin resistance through activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).Such antio xidants as vitamin C or vitamin E do not appear very helpful.Radix Astragali (RA) is an herbal medicine with antioxidative ability.The study was to explore whether RA would lower the risk of insulin resistance in diabetic rats.Methods Diabetic rats received RA,insulin or both RA and insulin after diabetes were induced in male Wistar rats.Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα),advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) levels in kidney,the expression of insulin receptor (IR),insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),p-p38 MAPK,p-JNK,p-IRS-1 Ser307,and p-IRS-1 Tyr612 in skeletal muscles were determined.Results Compared to diabetic rats treated with insulin,the diabetic rats treated with both insulin and RA demonstrated significantly lower levels of IL-6,TNF-α and AGEs (P ＜ 0.05),significantly lower activation of p-p38 MAPK and JNK (P ＜0.05),significantly higher expressions of IRS-1 (P ＜0.05),p-IRS-1 Tyr612,and significantly lower expression of p-IRS-1 Ser307 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions RA can lower the risk of insulin resistance through fighting oxidative stress in diabetic rats.

Antagonizing effects of Metallothionein against development of skin cancer and relevant mechanisms / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To establish a UVB damage cell model with HaCaT cells to investigate the protective effects of Zinc sulfate on the cell damage caused by UVB and its relevant mechanisms .Methods: The cells were divided into normal group , Zinc group,UVB group,Znic and UVB group.The addition of Zinc sulfate to the HaCaT cells was conducted 24h prior to the irradiation to the cells by UVB.Cell apoptosis was detected by Western blot and the expression of metallothionein and NF -κB/p65 were measured by im-munohistochemistry.Results:Compared with normal and Zn+UVB group, Bax/Bcl-2 rate in UVB group increased.Compared with normal group ,MT expression levels in UVB group ,Zn group increased ,and compared with UVB group ,MT expression level in Zn+UVB group increased .Compared with normal group and Zn+UVB group,NF-κB/p65 expression level in UVB group increased .Conclusion:Zinc sulfate alleviates the apoptosis of HaCaT cell induced by UVB because of the expression of MT .

Comparison of endoscopic band ligation and propranolol for the primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) with propranolol for prophylaxis of first variceal bleeding.@*METHODS@#We chose 168 patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices in our hospital and allocated them to EVL and propranolol groups. Treatment effectiveness and safety in the 2 groups were observed.@*RESULTS@#he parameters of two groups were similar before therapy. Follow-up period was 8-36 months. Variceal bleeding occurred in 24 (28.6%) of the EVL group and in 20 (23.9%) of the propranolol group (P>0.05). Overall mortality and death related to bleeding were similar (21.4% vs 17.9%; 7.1% vs 6.0%, P>0.05). Adverse events related to EVL were 43 (3 of them life-threatening) compared to 16 in the propranolol group (51.19% vs 19.05%, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Propranolol may be the better choice in prophylaxis of variceal bleeding with similar effects and lower adverse events than with EVL.

Perforating veins - a parameter of recurrence of esophageal varices.

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of perforating veins in predicting the likelihood of esophageal variceal rupture and variceal recurrences. METHODS: In 70 patients with esophageal varices, a 20 MHz ultrasonographic transducer was used to image esophageal varices; the radius and perforating veins were calculated. Esophageal variceal pressure measurements were obtained by noninvasive pressure gauge. The relationship between the size of esophageal varices and the presence of perforating veins in the esophageal wall was studied using chi-square test; the patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of perforating veins, and the pressure in each group was compared by using Student's t test. In addition, the frequency of endoscopy sessions necessary for varix eradication, the dots of endoscopic variceal ligation and recurrence of esophageal varices within a year were also compared by the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The presence of perforating veins in the esophageal wall was significantly higher in patients with large radius of varices than in patients with small radius. The esophageal variceal pressure in patients with perforating veins was greater than that of patients without perforating veins (23+/- 4.5 vs 12+/-3.1 mmHg, p<0.05). The frequency of endoscopy sessions required for varix eradication and the dots of EVL in patients with perforating veins was greater than that in patients without perforating veins (3.25 +/- 0.50 vs. 2.11+/-.78; 25 +/-.50 vs. 18.56+/- 5.46 p<0.05). The recurrence of esophageal varices within a year was higher in patients with than in patients without perforating veins (75.93 vs. 18.75%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Perforating veins in the esophageal wall correlate with the recurrence of esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension

Study on treatment of postpartum hemorrhage with urgent interventional embolization / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate urgent selective arterial embolization to treat massive postpartum hemorrhage. Methods Twenty seven patients with ages of 21～53 years undengoing severe postpartunm hemorrhage, were due to centrol placenta previa, uterine atony, birth canal trauma, placenta accretio, cervical pregnancy etc. All of the patients had lost a volume of blood about 1 000ml to 5 000ml while the hemorrhage could not be controlled with vaginal packing and administration of uterotonic drugs. Urgent hemostatic embolization was performed for them. After angiography, super selective catheterization was performed for bilateal anterior division of internal iliac branch of uterine arteries and embolized with Gelfoam particles. Results Catheterization success rate was 96.3%. Angiography showed ectopic uterine artery in one case. Immediate block of hemorrhage took place in 22 cases and gradual hemostasis appeared in 4 cases, the efficacy rate was 96.3%. The one with ectopic uterine artery was operated upon to ablate the uterus. 11 patients with (bleeding) shock and 8 patients with DIC were all saved. Conclusions Urgent arterial embolization is an ideal method for treating life threatening postpartum hemorrhage. The procedure saves the maternal uterus and is also effective for postpartum DIC.

An Improved Method of Internal Hemorrhoid Ligation Treatment / 中国医师杂志

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety between the improved ligation method and the traditional ligation method in the treatment of internal hemorrhoid. Methods Double blind and randomized study were made in 86 patients with internal hemorrhoid. The traditional method was performed by ligation of internal hemorrhoidal body, and the improved method was to ligate rectal mucous membrane above internal hemorrhoidal radicles. Results The improved method has better effect than the traditional method. The clinical symptoms of internal hemorrhoid such as bleeding,pain,constipation,edema,itching and erosion in the patients treated by the improved method were significantly improved compared with the patients treated by the traditional method(P

Effects of Formaldehyde on Activities of Enzymes in Testes of Male Mice / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study the effects of formaldehyde on activities of enzymes in testes of male mice. Methods Male Kunming mice were used. Experimental groups had been exposed to formaldehyde with different doses by i.p. once per day for 7 consecutive days. The formaldehyde doses were 0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 mg/kg body weight. The mice were killed after 7 days of treatment and their testes were fetched out to be made into even slurry and the activities of LDH, G-6-PD and SDH in them were tested. Results The activities of G-6-PD and SDH were decreased with the increasing of doses of formaldehyde. Compared with the control group, the activities of SDH in each exposed group had significantly decreased (P

Changes of vascular endothelial growth factor in gastric mucosa in portal hypertensive gastropathy / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To study the role of VEGF in the development of portal hypertensive gastropathy(PHG). Methods Forty-four portal hepertensive patients were investigated according to with or without PHG. The degree and the location of PHG were recorded. The specimens were obtained to perform RT-PCR to measure VEGF mRNA. Results VEGF mRNA in severe (3.48?1.02) or moderate PHG (2.28?0.33) with portal hypertension was higher than that in control (1.40?0.23) and those (1.51?0.32) with portal hypertension without PHG( P