ABSTRACT
The effects of doxepin and hydroxyzine on the cognitive performance of 60 patients with anxiety were compared under different levels of experimentally induced motivation and experience of success or failure. Both drugs reduced the inhibiting effects of failure on concept learning. The combination of high motivation and failure interfered more with the performance of control patients than the drug groups. The cognitive facilitation effects of doxepin were most pronounced in the low motivation-failure condition, while hydroxyzine yielded superior performance in both success and failure conditions, regardless of motivation level.
Subject(s)
Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy , Cognition/drug effects , Doxepin/therapeutic use , Hydroxyzine/therapeutic use , Adult , Depressive Disorder/drug therapy , Doxepin/pharmacology , Humans , Hydroxyzine/pharmacology , Male , Middle Aged , Motivation/drug effectsABSTRACT
The morning after effects of taking single doses of three hypnotic compounds were compared in a five-group design, including the three drug conditions (temazepam, flurazepam, barbiturate), placebo, and no capsule controls. Results showed a slight superiority for temazepam over barbiturate on visual-motor and reaction time tasks. On one phase of a cognitive task, the barbiturate and flurazepam groups made more errors than the control groups. Overall, the results indicate an impairment in performance for the group taking barbiturate and a smaller impairment for the flurazepam group. No detectable impairment occurred for subjects taking temazepam.
Subject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents/adverse effects , Cognition Disorders/chemically induced , Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects , Temazepam/adverse effects , Adult , Barbiturates/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Flurazepam/adverse effects , Humans , Male , Motor Skills/drug effects , Reaction Time/drug effectsABSTRACT
Visual evoked responses (VER'S) were recorded from the cortex of immature Weddel seals, 3-365 days of age. Results indicated a high degree of maturity at birth evident from the multiphasic array of waveforms and the comparatively short onset latency of the VER. At low intensities, single flashes evoked an immature secondary response. Topographical distribution of VER's were confined largely to the gyrus immediately adjacent to midline, from the posterior aspect near lambda to the vertex. Recordings from CI-744 dosed seals displayed a well-demarcated developmental sequence of VER's, contrary to VER's recorded in flaxedilized seals. Onset latency and waveform configuration changed concomitantly as a function of age. During the postnatal period from birth to weaning, VER changes were related to major behavioral events such as the seal's first encounter with swimming and diving at 2 weeks of age and weaning at 6 weeks of age.