[The mechanism of the antitumor effect of total/subtotal radiotherapy with non-tumoricidal doses of radiation].

The myelodepression at therapy for solid malignancies is considered as a mediating element of common antineoplastic activity on the basis of ability of stem cells of hemapoietic system to participate in regeneration of the various tissues of the body, including tumor. The equivalence of the therapeutic benefit mediated by both mild myelodepression due to total/subtotal radiation exposure and conventional chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs is argued.

[Assessment of the therapeutic possibilities of systemic radiotherapy as a component of combined treatment for advanced ovarian carcinoma].

The new technology of combined treatment for patients with ovarian carcinoma of III-IV stages and its relapse is presented. The essentially new component is systemic radiotherapy in nontumoricidal doses. It is used with both traditional surgical and chemotherapeutic components. Systemic radiotherapy is carried out in a form of subtotal body irradiation in two dose-time options with total dose of 1 Gy and 9 Gy. The choice of radiation option is carried out taking into account the initial somatic resource of patients estimated by the condition of lymphopoiesis. The use of systemic radiotherapy in combined treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma allowed to achieve the significant increase of 3-, 5-year survival in patients as compared to traditional chemo-surgical method. Indirect mechanism of nontumoricidal systemic radiotherapy is to be considered as a vital way for tumor control.

[Variation of mortality risk among cancer patients and individualized therapy].

To investigate the deviation of survival curves from monotonous shape, 17 curves for 6 most common cancer sites of 87,205 patients (aged 30-89) were selected from The U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Register database. The curves were analyzed using monotonous exponential and harmonic functions which allowed a corresponding estimation of quasi-sinusoidal disturbances of monthly death hazard. Detectable fluctuations of the latter were established in the 0-40--month life span zone depending on tumor site and age at diagnosis.

[Latent heterogeneity of prognosis among cancer patients].

There is a considerable variation in individual lifespan among cancer patients with identical diagnosis. We used damped exponential approximation, which includes both single- and double-compartment extension, for radiobiological assessment of survival curves among cases of breast, lung and oro-pharyngeal cancer. It was shown that in certain cases (breast--T2N1-2M0T3N1-2M0 and oro-pharyngeal cancer--T2-4N1-3M0) the curves can be identified with the two compartments which in turn are associated with different rates of mortality. The remaining curves represented either the slow rate (breast cancer--T1N1-2M0) or the fast one (non-small lung cancer) alone. The mean values of the fast or slow mortality differed 7-fold with high probability; they were stable and almost independent of tumor site or therapeutic modality. The double-rate curves pointed to a possible wide range of prognosis prior to treatment.

[Kinetics of lymphoid cell subpopulations in the mouse spleen in the early period after unilateral nephrectomy]. / Kinetika subpopuliatsii limfoidnykh kletok v selezenke myshei v rannie sroki posle odnostoronnei nefréktomii.

The content of total T- and B-lymphocytes, T-rosette-forming at 37 degrees, T-autorosette-forming (ARF), FcIgM+, FcIgG+ and TDT+ lymphocytes is determined in mice after unilateral nephrectomy. The number of ARF, FcIgM+ and TDT+ lymphocytes increased 17 and 48 hours after the nephrectomy. The coincidence in time of the lymphocyte population increase with acquisition of morphogenetic activity by the spleen lymphoid cells allows one to assume their participation in the regenerative proliferation of renal epithelium. The alterations in the content of other lymphocyte populations were in the limit of random deviations.

[Physicotechnical and dosimetric support of human whole-body irradiation in a standard medical source of photon radiation]. / Fiziko-tekhnicheskoe i dozimetricheskoe obespechenie total'nogo oblucheniia tela cheloveka na standartnom meditsinskom istochnike fotonnogo izlucheniia.

The paper is concerned with physicotechnical and dosimetric support of technology of therapeutic whole-body irradiation on a serial gamma apparatus ROKUS, with which a majority of radiological institutions in the USSR are fit out. Technology consists of the following procedures: patient positioning with relation to a source with a horizontal axis of radiation. Correction of dose distribution by means of a three-element compensator taking into account patient's constitutional peculiarities and preradiation preparation data; double irradiation in the bilateral regimen in the supine position.

[Changes in primordial lymphoid organs in chronic glomerulonephritis]. / Izmeneniia pervichnykh limfoidnykh organov pri khronicheskom glomerulonefrite.

Changes in primordial lymphoid organs (bone marrow and thymus) with respect to the content of a serum thymic factor in the blood and specific activity of end desoxynucleotidyltransferase in the bone marrow and peripheral blood were studied in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with and without the nephrotic syndrome. The mechanisms of autoimmunization were also studied with respect to the presence of renal tissue autoantigen antibodies. Alteration of primordial lymphoid organs was not attended by the autoimmune changes, i.e. production of the renal autoantigen antibodies was not increased. This makes difficult interpretation of the nephrotic syndrome as an autoimmune process and of glomerulonephritis as a whole. Lymphocytes bearing end desoxynucleotidyltransferase more probably participate in the developmental mechanisms of chronic glomerulonephritis.

[Role of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase in stimulating lymphocyte DNA synthesis as affected by PHA]. / Rol' kontsevoi dezoksinukleotidiltransferazy v stimuliatsii sinteza DNK limfotsitov pod vliianiem FGA.

3H-thymidine incorporation was measured in DNA of the human lymphocytes from the peripheral blood after its PHA-stimulation in vitro. The increased PHA-stimulation was established after addition to the medium of exogenous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) for cultures with small level of PHA-stimulation only. TDT without PHA exerted no stimulating action on the culture of lymphocytes.

[Biological activity of exogenous DNA in rat thymocytes]. / Biologicheskaia aktivnost' ékzogennoi DNK v timotsitakh krys.

The thymocyte's viability and hybridization of one fraction thymocyte RNA with exogenous DNA have been studied after the incubation of cells with this DNA. The exogenous DNA decreases the number of viable cells and increases the hybridization percentage of pulse-labeled RNA. The above changes failed to be induced after the incubation of these cells with the complex DNA with actinomycin D, despite the fact that this complex penetrates into the cells as easily as does the free DNA.

[On cytocidic effect of exogenous modified DNA]. / O tsitotsidnom deistvii ekzogennoi modifitsirovannoi DNK.

The number of defects of the secondary structure and dispersions of the molecular weights of DNA preparations were studied before and after their gamma-irradiation within a 5-2500 krad range of doses. These results are compared with the ability of the irradiated preparations to induce death of thymocytes irradiated in vivo during their combined incubation in vitro. It is established that the DNA biological activity is a result of the presence in the total preparation of molecule fractions of 5.10(6) or 1.10(6) Daltons with 3 or 50-80 defects of the secondary structure.

[Informational activity of exogenous DNA in irradiated cells]. / Ob informatsionnoi aktivnosti ékzogenoi DNK v obluchennykh kletkakh

The levels of total DNA, RNA and protein synthesis were examined in control and in vivo irradiated thymocytes after their preincubation with exogenous DNA of different polymerization degree. The studies were made using the uridine-14C and lysine-14C. The influence of preliminary treatment of exogenous DNA or cells with actinomycin D (AMD) was studied as applied to the levels of their own and "induced" synthesis in the cells. It is shown that native exogenous DNA induced the increase in the synthesis of all three components only in the irradiated cells. The pretreatment of the irradiated cells or exogenous DNA with AMD completely inhibits the "induced" synthesis of RNA and protein while their own synthesis in suppressed only by 20%. Possible transcription and translation of highly polymerized exogenous DNA in the irradiated cells without its integration into the genome of the "host" is discussed.

[Mechanism of functional adaptation of intestinal epithelial cells]. / K mekhanizmu funktsional'noi adaptatsii kletok épiteliia kishechnika

Using preparations of exogenous DNA and products of its in complete degradation, the causes leading to the compensatory changes of the share of membrane hydrolysus in the total invertase activity of the irradiated rat's intestinal epithelial were analysed experimentally. It is shown that the factor stimulating the enzyme redistribution towards the brush border zone is not the amount of mature villous cells, but the level of mitotic activity in crypts.

[Cell response to penetration by informational macromolecules]. / O reaktsii kletok na proniknovenie informatsionnykh makromolekul

A relation is shown between the kinetic for of DNA uptake by the thymocytes (extremal or monotonous), the level of uptake (low or high) and the origin of DNA (hetero-or homologous). Preliminary irradiation of cells promotes a manifestation of a cytopathogenous effect of the heterologous DNA. The association between the cytopathogenous effect of DNA and that of its information characteristics has been confirmed. The demonstration of cytopathogenous effects of native and degraded DNA was studied as a function of time of their storage. The chromatographic analysis of dispersion of the molecular weights of preparations at different time of their starage allowed a conclusion of the important role played by structure defects in manifestation of cytopathogenous properties of DNA.