Oxidative stress and the enzyme system of aldehyde catabolism in the muscle mitochondria of immobilized pubertal rats.

The aim of the work is to find out peculiarities in manifestation of oxidative stress and to determine activity of enzymes, responsible for utilization of endogenous aldehydes in the mitochondrial fraction of the skeletal (femoral) muscle in pubertal rats during immobilization stress. Our study has shown that differently directed changes in the activity of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases and aldehyde reductases occur in the pubertal immobilized rats, that limits the catabolism effectiveness as regards carbonyl products offree radical oxidation in the muscle cells. Corroboration of the effect under consideration is an increased level of protein free radical oxidation products in the mitochondria of the skeletal muscle. On the basis of the obtained data the authors draw a conclusion about an increased sensitivity of the skeletal muscle to the oxidative stress impact due to modulation in the state of enzyme system, responsible for utilization of endogenous aldehydes in the mitochondria.

[Aldehyde reductase activity and blood aldo-keto reductase spectrum in adolescents with neuroendocrine obesity].

Investigation of aldehyde-reductase activity and blood aldo-keto reductase spectrum has been performed in 13-15 and 16-18-years old adolescents with obesity to clear up the mechanisms of neuroendocrine obesity at the age of puberty. It has been established that basal aldehyde reductase activity and blood aldo-keto reductase spectrum of healthy adolescents in early puberty do not differ from those of healthy adolescents in late puberty. A decreased aldehyde reductase activity and some alterations in blood aldo-keto reductase spectrum have been observed in late puberty in adolescents with neuroendocrine obesity. In adolescents with obesity there have been registered some changes in blood aldo-keto reductase spectrum which are not accompanied by any alterations in its aldehyde reductase activity. The results obtained suggest that certain prerequisites are formed in late puberty to complicate the course of neuroendocrine obesity.

[Peculiarities of tricarboxylic acid cycle in the myocardium of adult and old rats in the case of immobilization stress].

Indices showing Krebs cycle functioning in the hearts of adult and old rats subjected to 30-minutes immobilization were studied in order to find out the causes of age-related increase of heart sensitivity to stress. The studies have shown that compensatory changes of energy metabolism promoting limitation of stress-induced decrease of energy supply of the heart muscle took place in the myocardium mitochondria in adult and old rats during immobilization stress. The changes are associated with maintenance of high rate of redox reactions in the Krebs cycle and increase of myocardium respiration in old rats, and with an increase of the FAD-dependent processes in tissue respiration in adult rats.

[Age-specific peculiarities of changes in glutathione system in rat's heart in immobilization stress].

State of glutathione pool and activity of its metabolism enzymes in the hearts of adult and aged rats during immobilization stress were studied in order to find out the causes of age-dependent decrease of heart resistance to stress. The study revealed the absence of difference between state of glutathione pool in myocardium of adult and aged intact rats. Rats of both age groups showed the decrease of reduced glutathione content in the heart during immobilization stress. Adult rats had simultaneous increase of oxidized glutathione concentration in the heart unlike in aged rats. The possibility of age-specific changes of pathways of reduced glutathione utilization' in the heart during stress is discussed.

[NADP pool state and activity of NADP-dependent dehydrogenases in the heart tissue of adult and old rats during immobilization stress].

To reveal the reasons of age-specific change of heart sensitivity to stress, the content of oxidized and reduced NADP and activity of NADP-dependent dehydrogenase in myocardium of adult and old immobilized rats have been studied. It has been established that in the process of aging the amount of reduced NADP decreases in the old rat heart. At the same time the activity of NADP-dependent dehydrogenase decreases in postmitochondrial fraction of old rat myocardium as compared to adult rats. There is no change in the amount of reduced NADP in the heart of both rat age groups after 30-minute immobilization. The activity of NADP-dependent dehydrogenase in postmitochondrial fraction of myocardium in adult rats remains on the initial level while activation of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase appears in old rats.

[Peculiarity of the antioxidant action of the extract from Aronia melanocarpa leaves antioxidant on the brain].

The antioxidant action of the extract from Aronia melanocarpa leaves on the brain was investigated. The intraperitoneal injection of extract in the dose of 0.2 g/kg prevented manifestations of oxidative stress in the brain induced by immobilization of rats. In vitro experiments revealed that the extract decreased intensity of ascorbate--and H2O2 -induced lipid and protein peroxidation in the brain homogenates. The most effect of the extract on ascorbate--induced lipid peroxidation was found in the postmitochondrial fraction of brain homogenate.

[Lipid peroxidation in adult and aged rat heart under immobilization stress]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov v serdtse vzroslykh i starykh krys pri immobilizatsionnom stresse.

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the heart of adult (10-12 month) and old (22-25 month) Wistar male rats was investigated during immobilized stress. Immobilization of rats was accompanied by increasing the concentration of all studied LPO intermediates in the myocardium of both age groups. Accumulation of LPO products in old rat hearts was considerably higher than in adult ones. Dimethyl sulfoxide injection limited stress-induced stimulation of LPO. There were age related variations in efficiency of this antioxidant effect on the heart during immobilized stress.

The effect of 1,2,4-thiotriazolyl 5-mercaptoacetic acid new derivatives on lipid peroxidation in the heart from adult and old rats during stress.

The effect of 3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-thiotriazolyl 5-mercaptoacetic acid kalium salt (Rumosol) and 3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-thiotriazolyl 5-mercaptoacetic acid morpholinium salt (drug 2) on the concentration of Schiff base in myocardium of adult (10-12 months) and old (22-25 months) Wistar rats during immobilized stress were investigated. Here we show that the accumulation of Schiff base in the heart from both age groups was inhibited after injection of derivatives of 1,2,4-thiotriazolyl 5-mercaptoacetic acid prior to immobilization. Drug 2 possessed a two-fold higher pronounced capacity against Rumosol to inhibit the accumulation of Schiff base in the heart during stress. In myocardium from old rats, drug 2 decreased more effectively the stress-induced stimulation of lipid peroxidation as compared to dimethyl sulfoxide.

Adenine nucleotide and creatine phosphate pool in adult and old rat heart during immobilization stress.

BACKGROUND: Disturbances in the heart energy provision is important in the stress-induced injury of myocardium. In order to learn the causes of age-dependent differences in myocardial sensitivity to stress, we determined the level of adenylates, creatine and creatine phosphate in adult and old rat heart during an immobilization stress. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats were used to study the myocardial adenine nucleotides, creatine and creatine phosphate pool and creatine kinase activity during an immobilization period. RESULTS: The concentration of adenine nucleotides in old and adult rat hearts was similar. The total concentration of adenylate pool, ATP and ADP in the heart of both age groups was reduced during stress. However, in old rats under stress the concentration of ATP in a less measure and ADP in a greater measure is decreased against that observed in adult animals. The level of inorganic phosphate in old rat heart remains the same as in adult rats. CONCLUSION: The creatine kinase system may be important in stabilizing the ATP level in myocardium of adult rats during stress. The role of this system in heart energy metabolism during stress is decreased in old rats. Disturbances of isoenzyme creatine kinase activity are responsible for these disorders.

Lipid peroxidation in the heart of adult and old rats during immobilization stress.

This study was designed to assay the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the heart from adult (10--12 months) and old (22--25 months) Wistar male rats during immobilization stress. A value of LPO was estimated according to the concentration of conjugate dienes, TBA-positive substances and fluorescent products such as Schiff base. Investigations have shown that immobilization of rats was accompanied by increase in the concentration of all studied LPO intermediates in myocardium from both the age groups. Accumulation of these metabolites in old rat hearts was considerably higher than in adult ones. Dimethyl sulfoxide injection has limited stress-induced stimulation of LPO. Changes revealed in LPO-stimulation have different consequences in pathogenesis of stress-dependent injury in myocardium from adult and old rats. Utilization of LPO metabolites in old rats takes place mainly with formation of Schiff base. Accumulation of these products in myocardium is accompanied by modification of intracellular macromolecules and thus promotes the enhancement of stress-induced injury of myocardial cells. In adult rats during stress, the utilization of malonic dialdehyde and substances homologous to it is not accompanied by Schiff base accumulation in myocardium. It may be important for the restriction of stress-induced injury of myocardial cells.

[Age changes in properties of myofibrillary creatine phosphokinase enzyme in the rat myocardium during stress]. / Vozrastnye izmeneniia svoistv miofibrilliarnogo isofermenta kreatinfosfokinazy v serdtse krys pri stresse.

The activity of the myofibrillar isoenzyme creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in the heart inhibits with age. This may be explained by impaired association of CPK with myofibrils. The immobilization stress led to a sharp fall in CPK activity in its decreased affinity to the substrate. Changes in the catalytic properties of myofibrillar CPK in the myocardium of adult stressed rats raise effectiveness of its function in altered cardiac metabolism in stress.

Differential changes in the properties of mitochondrial isoenzyme creatine kinase from heart of adult and old rats during stress.

We compared the effects of immobilization stress on the properties of mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme from the myocardium of adult and old rats. Here we show that the activity of CK in the myocardium of old rats is lower in comparison to that in the myocardium of adult ones. During stress, CK activity in the myocardium of old rats increases, whereas in the myocardium of adults it does not. CK from the myocardium of adult rats is more sensitive to the modulating action of low pH, osmolarity, and Ca2+ concentrations than that of old rats.

Different changes in the cytosole creatine kinase isoenzymes from heart of adult and old rats during stress.

We have shown that immobilization stress causes changes in the spectrum of the heart's cytosole creatine kinase isoenzymes. In myocardium adult immobilized rats, MM isoenzyme is decreased and MB and BB isoenzymes are increased compared to intact animals. The pattern of isoenzyme response in old and adult rats was different. Immobilization of old rat caused an increase of MM and a decrease of MB isoenzyme in the heart's creatine kinase isoenzyme spectrum. We suggest that this change in the creatine kinase isoenzyme spectrum in the myocardium of adult rats plays an adaptive role, increasing the effectiveness of its performance during stress. In old rats, apparent changes in the creatine kinase isoenzyme spectrum promote a disturbance of myocardial energy metabolism.

[The characteristics of antioxidant action in the heart of old rats under stress]. / Izuchenie osobennostei deistviia antioksidantov v serdtse starykh krys pri stresse.

The studies have demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of urea, peroxidase, catalase, its combination with superoxide dismutase on HADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in the old rat heart is higher than that in young animals. Exposure of young rats to stress is followed by enhanced antioxidative effects of all the parameters under study. This effect is not found in the old animals exposed to stress.

[State of induced lipid peroxidation in the heart of mature and aged rats under stress]. / Sostoianie indutsirovannogo perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v serdtse vzroslykh i starykh krys pri stresse.

The investigations conducted have shown that in the myocardium of aged rats the intensity of lipid peroxidation prevails over its value in young animals. This leads to formation of the age-related peculiarities of the lipid peroxidation response to the action of stressor factors and to the change of the antioxidants' effect on induced lipid peroxidation reactions in the heart.

[Wound epithelialization in rats depending on the quantity and orientation of microautotransplants]. / Epitelizatsiia rany krys v zavisimosti ot kolichestva i orientatsii mikroautotransplantatov.

Patches of autoskin (0.5 x 1.0 mm) were grafted on a full-thickness rat back skin wound (5.4 cm2). As a result of "island" epithelialization from microautotransplants (MATR), the skin defect underwent repair. It is shown that the advance of the wound re-epithelialization did not depend on MATR number and their orientation in relation to the wound surface. The use of MATR allows to restore the skin defect with the plastic coefficient 1:100. This reduces the deficiency of donor skin at extensive burns.

[Skin microtransplantation in the surgery of burns (a clinico-experimental study)]. / Mikrotransplantatsiia kozhi v khirurgii ozhogov (kliniko-éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

On the basis of experimental and clinical investigations the authors have shown that extensive burns in patients with true deficiency of donor resources might be treated by the method of micro-transplantation of the skin which consists in plasty of the wounds by pieces of auto-skin of small size. The reduction of size of the skin pieces gives the enlargement of the total line of marginal epithelialization and great plasty coefficient as compared with traditional methods of surgical treatment.

[Systemic osteoporosis in women]. / O sistemnom osteoporoze u zhenshchin.

This paper is based on investigation of biopsies from the upper flaring portion of the ilium of 53 women, sick of systemic osteoporosis. The results of quantitative evaluation of the osseous tissue parameters by means of histomorphometric method allowed to reveal systemic osteoporosis of 4 types, note distinctions between osseous tissue loss mechanisms in case of systemic osteoporosis and age atrophy of bones. Comparison of osseous tissue quantitative parameters with the peculiarities of microanatomy of trabeculae allowed to verify the degree of disturbance of such remodelling mechanisms as resorption and osteogenesis for each of 4 types. The possibility of fractures of axial skeleton and limb bones at normal value of spongy bone in biopsies from the upper flaring portion of the ilium has been demonstrated.

Ability of microautotransplants to re-epithelialize deep and extensive skin injuries.

Experiments with rats of different ages have established the potential of microautotransplants (MATR) of skin (0.5-3.0 mm2 in size) to produce neoepidermis on fresh and granulating wounds. The MATR induced a 40-fold increased rate of closing of the wound surface. Contraction of the re-epithelialized wounds followed the same trend found for an open wound. The rate of contraction of re-epithelialized wounds depends on the age of the rat and the degree of maturity of the granulation tissue. The most extensive contraction was observed in young animals. Neoskin does not contain skin appendages, shows increased exfoliation of horn flakes from the neoepidermis surface and contains epitheloid cysts filled by a horny substance. The use of the MATR technique in the clinic also leads to wound re-epithelialization. Human neoskin histologically is similar to that of animals. These results suggest that the MATR technique is an alternative approach in the treatment of extensive skin burns.

[Micro-autotransplantation of the skin. Changes in size and morphology of neo-skin]. / Mikroautotransplantatsiia kozhi. Izmeneniia ploshchadi i morfologii neokozhi.

A new technique of wide wound skin epithelialization by free transplantation of autologous skin fragments 1 mm2 in size is demonstrated. The experiments were carried out on strainless rats of different age, 100 per cent epithelialization of wound 5 mm2 in grafting skin micro-autotransplantation (MATR) was observed. The primary effectiveness of wound closing square to MATR square was 1:20. However, as a result of wound contraction the effectiveness (on neo-epidermis square) was finally 1:15 in old rats. During histological analysis hyperplasia of the epidermis was marked and decreased gradually. Skin MATR method is considered as organ-typical culture in vivo.