ABSTRACT
Type-2 Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder. It is combined with co-morbidities, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease which taken together, comprise the 'Metabolic Syndrome'. This disease causes crucial morbidity and mortality at considerable expense to patients, their families and society. Different categories of drugs such as insulin secretagogues, insulin sensitizers, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, DPP4 inhibitors, dual PPAR agonists and others are used for its management. Therefore, it is of interest to highlight the recent advances in diagnosis and therapeutics used in the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus. The classical and online-literature were used to compile data for this study. This includes the electronic search engine such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Sci Finder, PubMed and Web of Science. Data shows that there are different families of oral and injectable drugs at hand for the treatment of T2DM. Hence, we need to develop a novel, safety and effective agents that will improve the quality of life of T2DM patients, considering effectiveness and durability of lowering blood Glucose, risk of hypoglycemia and diabetes complications.
ABSTRACT
Anemia during pregnancy causes 40% of maternal fatalities in underdeveloped nations, according to statistics from the WHO. Pregnant women should meet the requirements for various nutrients, notably micronutrients, to ensure a better pregnancy outcome in the future. Cucurbita moschata (Pumpkin) seeds contain a variety of compounds, such as m-carboxyphenylalanine, amino butyrate, and citrulline, as well as a number of other amino acids. It has a wide variety of biological activity such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory etc. However, the community's use of pumpkin seeds is still limited. The present study was aimed to assess the impact of supplementation of pumpkin seeds on anemia among antenatal mothers in relation to Demographic and obstetric variables at Amalapuram Mandal, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. In the third stage of the study, antenatal mothers' pre- and post-test scores for indicators of anaemia, pica, nail health, level of activity, heart rate, capillary refill, nutritional status, extremities, and level of hunger were compared. According to age, education, occupation, monthly income, and information source, the data demonstrates that according to three prenatal moms' consumption of pumpkin seeds in the morning, three in the afternoon, and one in the evening. The data available indicates that, of the 5 prenatal moms, 2 displayed symptoms of anemia with respect to the length of the menstrual cycle, the volume of menstrual flow, and the method of the previous delivery. Additionally, it was discovered that three of the pregnant mothers had appropriate hemoglobin levels and three of them had inadequate levels based on their past deliveries, menstrual flow volume, and cycle length. It also revealed that there is no discernible relationship between pregnant mothers in Amalapuram Mandal's diet of dry fruits and nuts and menstrual cycle length, flow volume, or method of prior birth.
