[Forms Distribution and Ecotoxicity of Three Forms of Sulfonamides in Root-Soil Interface of Maize].

Forms distribution and ecotoxicity of sulfonamides in root-soil interface of maize were studied by chemical analysis and luminescent bacteria toxicity assay. The results indicated that the water soluble residues were the main form in rhizosperic soils, and the organic solvent extractable residues were the main form in far-rhizosperic soils. The three forms of sulfonamides showed relatively lower toxicity to luminescent bacteria with the relative inhibition rates less than 30%. The toxicity of water soluble residues was lower than that of the organic solvent extractable residues, and the bound residues showed the lowest toxicity to luminescent bacteria. The contents and relative inhibition rates of water soluble residues in rhizosperic soils were higher than those in far-rhizosperic soils, while the contents and relative inhibition rates of organic solvent extractable and bound residues in rhizosperic soils were lower than those in far-rhizosperic soils.

[Distribution and Risk Assessment of Sulfonamides Antibiotics in Soil and Vegetables from Feedlot Livestock].

Soil and vegetable samples were collected from 13 different livestock farms of different sizes in Xinxiang of China, and the residues of three sulfonamides including sulfadiazine, sulfamonomethoxine, and sulfamethoxazole were analyzed by HPLC with a fluorimetric detector, The results indicated that the total concentration ranges of the three sulfonamides in soil and vegetable were 7.60-176.26 µg · kg⁻¹ and ND-32, 70 µg · kg⁻¹, respectively. The mean concentrations were 70.73 µg · kg⁻¹ and 7.08 µg · kg⁻¹ for soil and vegetables. The residue levels in soil were all lower than the ecotoxic effect trigger value (100 µg · kg⁻¹) set by the Veterinary Medicine International Coordination Commission, indicating the low risk for organisms in soil. The concentrations of three sulfonamides varied significantly in different kinds of vegetables and were all lower than the acceptable daily intake values [50 µg · (kg ·d)⁻¹] set by Joint FAO/WHO Expert CommIttee on Food Additives. But we cannot neglect the potential ecotoxicity and resistance for human via food chain.