Embarazo y maternidad: percepciones de las jóvenes en un contexto binacional México- Estados Unidos / Pregnancy and motherhood: young women's perceptions in the binational context of Mexico- United States / Gravidez e maternidade: percepções de mulheres jovens em um contexto binacional México-Estados Unidos

Resumen (analítico): El objetivo del estudio fue analizar algunas percepciones que las jóvenes tienen del embarazo y la maternidad temprana en dos comunidades binacionales atravesadas por la migración: Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México y San Joaquín, California, Estados Unidos. El enfoque metodológico fue cualitativo interpretativo, con una estrategia basada en la construcción categorías analíticas a partir de los relatos. Se realizaron 12 grupos focales en escuelas públicas con estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato en edades comprendidas entre 14-18 años. Los hallazgos evidencian que los factores asociados al embarazo y la maternidad temprana, se relacionan con un conjunto de condiciones socioestructurales y sociosimbólicas que imperan en la familia la escuela y la comunidad, en donde la mayoría de las veces, se genera un contexto de vulnerabilidad, exclusión y desigualdad de género.

Abstract (analytical): This paper aims to analyze some perceptions that young women have of pregnancy and motherhood in two binational communities affected by the migration phenomenon: Tepatitlán de Morelos in the state of Jalisco, Mexico and San Joaquín in the state of California, United States. A qualitative interpretive approach was used for the methodology, with a strategy based on the construction of analytical categories from the life stories shared by the young women. 12 focus groups were formed (six groups per community) in public schools with secondary and high school students aged between 14-17 years. From the findings obtained, it is evident that the factors associated with early pregnancy and early motherhood are related to a set of socio-structural and socio-symbolic conditions in families, in schools and communities. In the majority of cases, these conditions generate contexts of vulnerability, exclusion and gender inequality.

Resumo (analítico): O presente artigo pretende analisar algumas percepções que as mulheres jovens têm de gravidez e maternidade em duas comunidades binacionais atravessadas pelo fenômeno migratório: Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México e San Joaquín, Califórnia, Estados Unidos. A abordagem metodológica foi qualitativa interpretativa, com uma estratégia baseada na construção de categorias analíticas a partir das histórias. Se realizaram 12 grupos focais (seis grupos por comunidade) que foram conduzidos em escolas públicas com alunos do secundário e bacharelado entre idades entre 14 e 17 anos. A partir dos resultados obtidos, é evidente que os fatores associados à gravidez e à maternidade precoce estão relacionados a um conjunto de condições sócio-estruturais e sócio-simbólicas que prevalecem na família, na escola e na comunidade, onde a maioria das vezes, gera um contexto de vulnerabilidade, exclusão e desigualdade de gênero.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, or intersexed content for nursing curricula.

There has been limited identification of core lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, or intersexed (LGBTI) experience concepts that should be included in the nursing curricula. This article addresses the gap in the literature. To move nursing toward the goals of health equity and cultural humility in practice, education, and research, nursing curricula must integrate core LGBTI concepts, experiences, and needs related to health and illness. This article reviews LGBTI health care literature to address the attitudes, knowledge, and skills needed to address curricular gaps and provide content suggestions for inclusion in nursing curricula. Also considered is the need to expand nursing students' definition of diversity before discussing the interplay between nurses' attitudes and culturally competent care provided to persons who are LGBTI. Knowledge needed includes a life span perspective that addresses developmental needs and their impact on health concerns throughout the life course; health promotion and disease prevention with an articulation of unique health issues for this population; mental health concerns; specific health needs of transgender and intersex individuals; barriers to health care; interventions and resources including Internet sites; and legal and policy issues. Particular assessment and communication skills for LGBTI patients are identified. Finally, there is a discussion of didactic, simulation, and clinical strategies for incorporating this content into nursing curricula at the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Maternal predictors of behavioral problems among Mexican migrant farmworker children.

This study investigated the impact of maternal parenting factors on the emotional and behavioral health of Mexican Migrant Head Start children. Although the majority of children sampled in this study did not exhibit problematic behaviors, the findings concluded that children who demonstrated emotional and behavioral problems experienced a more rejecting maternal parenting style, greater parenting stress, and mothers reporting feelings of depression. Gender differences were found between the behavioral and emotional problems of sons and daughters. Surprisingly, years in the United States, maternal birthplace, income, education, and language spoken in the home were not associated with child behavioral problems.

Mental health and disabilities: what we know about racial and ethnic minority children.

The recognition that children and adolescents suffer from mental health problems and disabilities is a recent phenomenon, not arising until the late 19th century. Because of the increasing numbers and importance of ethnic minority children and youth to the vitality of the United States, their mental health and disabilities can no longer be overlooked. Mental health is paramount for fostering social integration, unity, and inclusiveness within and between ethnic groups. Thus the significance of changing demographics and the disparity in mental health indicators make this a key issue for the future. Nursing research in this area has been limited, in spite of the fact that mental health problems and disabilities exert a disproportionate negative effect on racial and ethnic minority children (NIMH, 2001a). The purpose of this chapter is to critique the available nursing research on mental health and disabilities in racial and ethnic minority children, including how such research has been conceptualized, conducted, and interpreted.

Assessing cultural competence of policy organizations.

Assessment of the capabilities of human service providers to care for individuals from diverse cultures has been widely discussed in the literature. However, a less examined area is the appraisal of the cultural competence of the administrative or policy bodies whose actions shape the character of these human services. This article demonstrates an approach for evaluating a policy organization's cultural competence using a governmental agency as a case study. Findings from this assessment prompted this agency to generate plans to further enhance its cultural competence.