[Spatial and temporal variations of the chromosomal inversion frequencies across the range of malaria mosquito Anopheles messeae Fall. (Culicidae) during the 40-year monitoring period].

The analysis of personal and published data on the frequency dynamics of chromosomal inversions within the range of Anopheles messeae obtained during the period from 1974 through 2014 is presented. The results showed that, in general, across the species range, during the 40 years of genetic monitoring, there was a steady (stationary) clinal distribution of inversions in the first decade (1974­1985). Then, over the period of five years (1986­1990), there was a considerable change in the inversion frequencies in favor of southwestern chromosomal variants (particularly strongly fixed in the Tomsk population), and from 1992 to the present time, these changes remained and were relatively stably reproduced in most parts of the range. It was noted that the jump in warming during the winter of 1981­1982 led to a correlated jump of the southwestern chromosomes in the Tomsk population. In connection with the general tendency toward the increase in average winter temperatures, a sharp decrease in the 2R1 chromosome frequency in the Siberian region and Syktyvkar in the period from 1992 to the present time was observed. There is reason to assume that, over the past decade, the northern boundary of the An. messeae range moved northward to the tundra zone.

[Comparison of nucleotide sequences of ribosomal DNA of the mosquito genera Aedes and Ochlerotatus (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini)].

Morphological study allowed identifying 9 species of mosquitoes of the genus Ochlerotatus and 2 species of the genus Aedes. Sequencing of the rDNA region was performed for all these speciemens. The sequences of rDNA were the following: A. cinereus -868 bp, A. vexans--889 bp, Och. cantans--803 bp, O. excrucians--801 bp, O. euedes--794 bp, Och. cyprius--777 bp, O. diantaeus--758 bp, O. intrudens--817 bp, Och. punctor--783 bp, O. dorsalis--748 bp, O. species--767 bp. On average, the size of Aedes rDNA fragments exceeds rDNA of Ochlerotatus by 90-100 bp. The sequences are characterized by a high number of insertions and deletions, and also by point substitutions of nucleotides. It is important to notice that interspecific differences include not only different regions of the internal transcribed spacers, but also the conservative site which is represented by the 5.8S gene. Among four substitutions in this gene, one (C/A) represents the difference between Aedes and Ochlerotatus, the next (T/A) distinguishes A. cinereus from Ochlerotatus speciment and A. vexans, and two substitutions (A/C, T/G) testify the similarity between O. dorsalis and O. species and specimens of Aedes. Besides, two more deletions are typical for O. dorsalis and O. species. One deletion is com- mon, it distinguishes them from the other examined species, and another one is typical only for O. dorsalis. When analyzing morphological characteristics and comparing nucleotide rDNA sequences of O. species with the database, the similarity to O. caspius has been revealed. On the whole, phylogenetic relationships among Ochlerotatus species correspond to subdivision into groups based on morphological characters. Probably, examination of the larger number of specimens will change the morphological division into groups.

[Morpho-cytogenetic characteristic of the mosquito Anopheles artemievi (Diptera: Culicidae), a malaria vector from the complex maculipennis].

Detailed morphological analysis of all stages of the mosquito Anopheles artemievi Gordeev et al., 2005 is carried out. Characteristic traits that allow discriminating of An. artemievi and An. messeae Falleroni, 1926 in the area of joint occurrence of these two species are provided. Cytogenetic description of the polytene chromosomes from the nurse cells of ovaries is given. Differences of An. artemievi from previously studied species of the complex maculipennis by the structre of the polytene chromosomes from the nurse cells of ovaries are shown.

[Morphological and genetic characteristics of the malarial mosquito Anopheles beklemishevi (Diptera, Culicidae)].

The paper presents morphological and genetic data on the malarial mosquito Anopheles beklemishevi Stegnii et Kabanova, 1976. It also provides morphological accounts of eggs, age stage IV larvae, and, firstly, pupae and imagoes. The paper considers it possible to use cytogenetic and molecular markers to identify An. beklemishevi.

[Variability of pericentromeric chromatin in chromosome 2 of ovarian nurse cells during inbreeding in Anopheles atroparvus V.Tiel]. / Izmenchivost' pritsentromernogo geterokhromatina khromosomy 2 pitaiushchikh kletok iaichnikov pri inbridinge u Anopheles atroparvus V. Tiel.

We investigated the variability of pericentromeric chromatin of chromosome 2 in ovarian nurse cells (trophocytes) in two laboratory lines of malaria mosquito Anopheles atroparvus V. Tiel and in their hybrids. One line had been raised by means of sib inbreeding, the other kept at constantly high population density. The inbreeding was shown to result in an increased percentage of chromosomes bearing an achromatinic zone in the centromeric region, which resulted in chromosome breakage. Toxicological tests demonstrated an increase in the sensitivity of the progeny of females with abnormal morphotypes of chromosome 2 to the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. The appearance of the achromatinic zone is attributed to local chromatin underreplication accompanying chromosome polytenization. Possible reasons for this phenomenon and its implication for adaptation are discussed.

[Cytogenetic and phenotypic variation in central and peripheral populations of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles messeae Fall. (Diptera, Culicidae)]. / Tsitogeneticheskaia i fenotipicheskaia izmenchivost' v tsentral'nykh i periferiinykh populiatsiiakh maliariinogo komara Anopheles messeae Fall. (Diptera, Culicidae)]

Chromosome polymorphism and morphological variation in malaria mosquito Anopheles messeae larvae of populations from western Siberia, Kyrgyzstan, and southern Kazakhstan were studied. It is shown that the level of inversion polymorphism decreases at the boundary of the range. A shift in the phenotypic norm observed in the peripheral biotopes is attributed to direct selection larvae with "southwestern" chromosomal variants and to modification.