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1.
J Anim Sci ; 98(4)2020 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32211767

ABSTRACT

Forty-eight Quarter Horse geldings (3 to 8 yr of age) were used to determine the effects of dietary chromium (Cr), in the form of Cr propionate (Cr Prop) on insulin sensitivity. Horses were blocked by age, body condition score, and glucose response to concentrate feeding on day 0 and randomly assigned to treatments. Treatments consisted of 0, 2, 4, or 8 mg Cr/d from Cr Prop. Horses were fed daily a concentrate mix at a rate of 0.2 kg/100 kg body weight (BW) and grass hay at 1.75 to 2.0 kg/100 kg BW. All horses were fed the control diet for 7 d prior to the initiation of the study. After an overnight fast, blood samples from the jugular vein were obtained at 0, 2, and 4 h after concentrate feeding on days 0 and 28 for the determination of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and insulin. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was conducted on day 42. Glucose was infused via jugular vein catheters, and blood samples were collected at various times relative to dosing for glucose and insulin determination. Plasma glucose on day 28 was affected (P < 0.05) by treatment, time, and treatment × time. Horses fed 4 mg Cr/d had lesser (P < 0.05) plasma glucose concentrations than those in the other treatments at 0 h. At 2 h post-feeding glucose concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in horses fed 0 or 8 mg Cr/d than in those given 4 mg Cr. Horses fed 2 mg Cr/d had lesser (P < 0.05) plasma glucose at 4 h post feeding compared with those fed 0 or 8 mg Cr. Plasma glucose did not differ among horses receiving 2 or 4 mg Cr/d at 2 or 4 h. Serum insulin was affected (P < 0.05) by treatment, time, and treatment × time. Insulin concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in horses fed 0 or 2 mg Cr/d than in those given 4 or 8 mg Cr at 0 h. At 4 h post-feeding insulin concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in horses given 0 or 8 mg Cr than in those fed 2 or 4 mg Cr/d. Plasma glucose was affected (P < 0.05) by treatment and time, but not by treatment × time following the GTT. Mean plasma glucose (across sampling times) concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in controls than in horses fed 2 or 4 mg Cr/d. Glucose concentrations following the GTT did not differ among controls and horses given 8 mg Cr/d. Following glucose infusion, serum insulin concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in horses fed 2 or 4 mg Cr and tended to be greater in those fed 8 mg Cr/d compared with controls. The results of this study indicate that 2 or 4 mg Cr/d from Cr Prop increased insulin sensitivity in adult horses following oral carbohydrate consumption.


Subject(s)
Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Horses/physiology , Insulin Resistance , Propionates/pharmacology , Administration, Intravenous/veterinary , Administration, Oral , Animals , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Body Weight , Dietary Supplements , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood , Glucose/metabolism , Glucose Tolerance Test/veterinary , Insulin/blood , Male , Propionates/administration & dosage
2.
J Equine Vet Sci ; 78: 38-45, 2019 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31203982

ABSTRACT

Weight loss plans in horses typically use dietary restriction, but exercise may have additional benefits. This study aimed to compare the effects of a diet or exercise protocol resulting in comparable caloric restriction in obese horses. Ten obese horses were paired according to sex, age, and breed or breed type. One horse from each pair was randomly assigned to either diet (DIET)-intake restricted to approximately 85% of digestible energy requirements or exercise (EX)-exercised to expend approximately 15% of digestible energy requirements, resulting in 85% of requirements available, for 4 weeks. Body weight (BW), heart girth (HG), girth-to-height ratio (G:H), neck circumference (NC), neck circumference-to-height ratio (NC:H), belly girth (BG), body condition score (BCS), cresty neck score (CNS), serum insulin, plasma leptin, and plasma ghrelin concentrations were measured weekly. An oral sugar test was conducted on days 0 and 28 to measure insulin to glucose ratio (Ins:glc) and 60-minute insulin sensitivity index (ISI60). Results were analyzed using repeated measures. A P ≤ .05 was considered significant, and .05


Subject(s)
Diet , Glucose/metabolism , Horse Diseases/metabolism , Obesity/veterinary , Animals , Body Weight , Horse Diseases/blood , Horses , Obesity/blood , Obesity/metabolism , Weight Loss
3.
J STEM Outreach ; 1(1)2018 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31938769

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the dynamics of a research partnership between a practicing clinician/research and 34 West Virginia high school students participating in a precollege STEM intervention program. The collaboration provided a more diverse study sample to the clinician for examining attitudes about knee osteoarthritis in adults over 40. It provided students the opportunity to collect data from adults in their community within a highly structured research project and explore a range of research questions using the resulting cross-state data set. Data collection far surpassed the researcher's expectations of 100 surveys; student researchers collected 1,129 unique surveys over nine months from difficult to reach Appalachian communities. This project illustrates the intervention program's ability to support partner research efforts while opening the STEM pipeline to under-served youth by introducing aspects of community-based participatory research (CBPR) pathways to them in their formative years.

4.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract ; 18(3): 491-508, 2002 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12516930

ABSTRACT

Little is known regarding nutrient requirements and feeding of geriatric horses, and more effort should be placed on this area of equine nutrition research. That which is known suggests that some geriatric horses may not have different requirements than other mature horses, whereas others affected by disease or poor dentition may have special nutritional needs. In general, rations for geriatric horses should be based on high-quality roughage supplemented with complementary minerals and vitamins. The need for additional energy aside from that provided by the forage can be supplied by adding energy concentrates, such as cereal grains or fat, to the ration. Processing techniques involving heat, such as pelleting and extruding, are advised when cereal grains are included in the ration so as to improve starch digestibility in the small intestine and avoid starch overload in the hindgut and it subsequent problem (ie, colic, laminitis). In addition, the environment in which geriatric horses are fed should be one that promotes ease of ration consumption and eliminates factors thar impair feed consumption, such as competition from other horses and the need to travel relatively long distances (eg, grazing marginal pastures). Finally, strict attention should be paid to the body condition of geriatric horses so as to evaluate adequacy of the ration and the general health of the horse.


Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Animal Feed/standards , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Horses/physiology , Nutritional Requirements , Animals , Digestion , Energy Intake , Energy Metabolism , Horse Diseases/prevention & control , Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Nutrition Disorders/veterinary
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