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J Immunol ; 179(4): 2289-99, 2007 Aug 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17675490

ABSTRACT

Pharmacologic antagonism of CCR5, a chemokine receptor expressed on macrophages and activated T cells, is an effective antiviral therapy in patients with macrophage-tropic HIV infection, but its efficacy in modulating inflammation and immunity is only just beginning to be investigated. In this regard, the recruitment of CCR5-bearing cells into clinical allografts is a hallmark of acute rejection and may anticipate chronic rejection, whereas conventionally immunosuppressed renal transplant patients homozygous for a nonfunctional Delta32 CCR5 receptor rarely exhibit late graft loss. Therefore, we explored the effects of a potent, highly selective CCR5 antagonist, Merck's compound 167 (CMPD 167), in an established cynomolgus monkey cardiac allograft model. Although perioperative stress responses (fever, diminished activity) and the recruitment of CCR5-bearing leukocytes into the graft were markedly attenuated, anti-CCR5 monotherapy only marginally prolonged allograft survival. In contrast, relative to cyclosporine A monotherapy, CMPD 167 with cyclosporine A delayed alloantibody production, suppressed cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and tended to further prolong graft survival. CCR5 therefore represents an attractive therapeutic target for attenuating postsurgical stress responses and favorably modulating pathogenic alloimmunity in primates, including man.


Subject(s)
CCR5 Receptor Antagonists , Graft Survival/drug effects , Heart Transplantation/immunology , Macrophages/immunology , Pyrazoles/administration & dosage , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Transplantation Tolerance/drug effects , Valine/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Antibody Formation/drug effects , Antibody Formation/immunology , Autoimmunity/drug effects , Autoimmunity/immunology , Cyclosporine/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Graft Survival/immunology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/immunology , HIV Infections/pathology , Heart Transplantation/pathology , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Inflammation/drug therapy , Inflammation/immunology , Inflammation/pathology , Isoantibodies/immunology , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Macaca fascicularis , Macrophages/pathology , Male , Stress, Physiological/drug therapy , Stress, Physiological/immunology , Stress, Physiological/pathology , T-Lymphocytes/pathology , Transplantation Tolerance/immunology , Transplantation, Homologous , Valine/administration & dosage , Vascular Diseases/drug therapy , Vascular Diseases/immunology , Vascular Diseases/pathology
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