ABSTRACT
The introduction of neutrally wetting colloidal particles into coarsening binary fluids is known to arrest the dynamics of the phase separation, as the colloids tend to be captured by the growing interfaces to reduce the free energy of the system. This phenomenon has often been studied in systems with symmetric fluid viscosities. In this study, we investigate the behavior of colloidal particles introduced into asymmetric binary fluids with a viscosity contrast. Our results show that due to the broken symmetry the colloidal particles more easily escape from the interface towards the more viscous fluid, which reduces the lifetime of the jammed phase. Moreover, the presence of colloidal particles near the interfaces promotes the formation of micro-droplets with typical sizes comparable to the colloids.
ABSTRACT
The global water crisis is expected to worsen if urgent action is not taken in making sustainable amends. This applies to Pakistan as the entire country suffers massively from poor water sanitation. Waterborne diseases are rising exponentially attributed to rise in microbial infestations, trace elements and drug toxicity in many water bodies of Pakistan. Treatment and prevention strategies must be implemented through national authorities and at the individual level. Awareness on use of clean water must be emphasized and proper administration on water management policies should be implemented. Immediate and active sustainability for water resources can ensure a safer future for Pakistan.
ABSTRACT
Malaria, a vector borne disease that can quickly become life-threatening, has become endemic to many countries, in particular Afghanistan. Ranking third for world's highest burden of malaria, Afghanistan has found itself in a downward spiral, burdened by outbreaks of not only malaria, but dengue, watery diarrhea and measles as well. The civil conflict and lack of healthcare services present compounded with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a five-to tenfold increase of malarial incidence in the past years. Increased refugee shuttling and fluctuating environmental conditions have allowed proliferation of malarial vectors, with restricted access to treatment impeding elimination of malaria as well. Although efforts like larvicides, indoor spraying and initiatives like the Sehatmandi project have been made to control the spread of malaria, further efforts focusing on more sustainable and economical preventative measures are essential. Thus, efforts on both individual and global levels, more research and maintenance of control measures, are necessary to eliminate outbreaks and risks of resurgence.
