Recent Advancement and Novel Application of Natural Polyphenols for the Treatment of Allergy Asthma: From Phytochemistry to Biological Implications.

Allergic diseases, primarily IgE-mediated, exert a substantial global health burden. A pivotal role in allergic reactions is played by mast cells, with histamine serving as a central mediator. Within this context, plant-based polyphenols, abundantly present in vegetables and fruits, show promising potential for allergy prevention. These natural compounds, particularly flavonoids, possess anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties, influencing dendritic cells, modulating macrophages, and fostering the proliferation of B cells and T cells. The potent anti-allergic effects of flavonoids are attributed to their ability to reduce the production of signaling factors, suppress cytokine production, and regulate signal transduction and gene expression in mast cells, basophils, and T cells. Notably, their benefits extend beyond allergy prevention, as they hold promise in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune illnesses such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. In the context of allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases, polyphenols exhibit immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting autoimmune T cell proliferation and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. In recent times, flavonoids, being the most prevalent polyphenols in food, have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their potential health advantages. This review compiles the latest scientific research to highlight the impact of flavonoids on allergic illnesses and their potential as a beneficial dietary component.

Nanocarrier Based Delivery of Berberine: A Critical Review on Pharmaceutical and Preclinical Characteristics of the Bioactive.

Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid with several therapeutic properties, including anti-microbial, anti-diarrhea, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-tumor, and anti-diabetes. However, its low water solubility, low absorption, first-pass metabolism, nontargeting, and poor bioavailability represent major hurdles to its successful therapeutic applications. Hence, researchers have attempted to enhance the biological and pharmacological activity of BBR to overcome its drawbacks by encapsulation of BBR in micro and nano delivery systems. For the preparation of nanostructured carrier systems of BBR, a range of methods has been developed, and each method has its benefits and characteristics. This review critically describes different types of nanocarriers like liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, and silver and gold nanoparticles that have been used for encapsulation of BBR for different therapeutic applications. The various pharmaceutical characteristics (size, shape, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, drug release, and drug permeation) of these BBR-loaded nanocarriers have been discussed systematically. Preclinical studies of BBR nanoformulations involving animal models are also discussed.

Current Pharmacological Trends on Myricetin.

Myricetin is a member of the group of flavonoids called flavonols. Myricetin is obtained from various fruit, vegetables, tea, berries and red wine. Myricetin is characterized by the pysrogallol B-ring, and the more hydroxylated structure is known to be capable for its increased biological properties compared with other flavonols. Myricetin is produced by the Myricaceae, Anacardiaceae, Polygonaceae, Pinaceae and Primulacea families. It is soluble in organic solvent such as ethanol, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), and dimethyl formamide (DMF). It is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. Myricetin shows its various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic and anti-ulcer. This review article focuses on pharmacological effects of Myricetin on different diseases such as osteoporotic disorder, anti-inflammatory disorder, alzheimer's disease, anti-epileptic, cancer, cardiac disorder, diabetic metabolic disorder, hepatoprotective disorder and gastro protective disorder.