ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) constitutes a valuable tool in evaluating the quality of care offered in orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this review is to identify the PROMs that have been translated into and validated in the Greek language, summarise their measurement properties, and evaluate their methodological quality according to the COSMIN Risk of Bias Checklist. METHODS: A structured literature search was conducted using the databases PubMED/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library in order to identify PROMs relevant to musculoskeletal conditions translated and validated in the Greek language. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed according to the COSMIN Risk of Bias Checklist, and the quality of measurement properties according to the COMSIN criteria. RESULTS: Literature search yielded 6743 articles. After removal of duplicates and screening of the articles, 32 studies including PROMs related to musculoskeletal conditions were identified. The studies included 31 PROMs and reported 171 measurement properties. Methodological quality was adequate for 81 of them (47.3%). The most commonly reported measurement properties were internal consistency, reliability, construct validity and responsiveness. CONCLUSION: The majority of PROMs translated into Greek involves the lower extremity and especially knee pathologies. The search revealed that there are areas of Musculoskeletal Medicine such as skeletal trauma, musculoskeletal oncology, and paediatric orthopaedics in which patient reported-outcome measures have not been translated into Greek. Translation and validation of new outcome measures is encouraged, using studies designed in compliance with the COSMIN guidelines, and further validation of the translated instruments.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aims to provide data, with the use of computed tomography angiography, regarding the level of bifurcation of the peroneal artery to the anterior perforating branch and the lateral calcaneal branch, in relation to the osseous anatomic structures of the tibial plafond, the medial malleolus and the lateral malleolus. METHODS: The study included patients who underwent diagnostic computed tomography angiography of the lower extremities. Measurements were performed in two-dimensional reconstructions and included the perpendicular distance from peroneal artery bifurcation into anterior perforating branch and lateral calcaneal branch to the lowest level of tibial plafond (D1), medial malleolus (D2) and lateral malleolus (D3). The distances were also normalized to the length of the tibia. RESULTS: Sixty patients and a total of 115 limbs were enrolled in this study. The mean distance ± standard deviation from peroneal artery bifurcation to tibial plafond (D1) was 4.33 ± 1.12 cm (normalized 0.12 ± 0.03) (range 2.54-8.26 cm), to medial malleolus (D2) was 5.53 ± 1.18 cm (normalized 0.16 ± 0.03) (range 3.27-9.5 cm) and to lateral malleolus (D3) was 6.53 ± 1.17 cm (normalized 0.18 ± 0.03) (range 4.71-10.2 cm), respectively. There was no significant difference between right and left limb measurements (p > 0.05). Females presented lower, but not statistically significant (p > 0.05), D1, D2 and D3 measurements compared to males. CONCLUSION: The bifurcation of the peroneal artery takes place at lower level compared to previously published studies and consequently extreme caution should be exercised when performing the posterolateral approach to the ankle. This study adds to the understanding of the relevant vascular anatomy of the region and assists in performing the posterolateral approach to the ankle with safety.
