[The Rheological Properties of Blood Depending on Age and Sex].

The rheological properties of blood (viscosity, concentration of red blood cells, erythrocyte sedimantation rate, prothrombin index, and fibrinogen and blood lipid concentration) were studied in apparently healthy subjects of both sexes within the age range from 1 to 75 years. We observed an increase in blood viscosity from infancy to adulthood, followed by a decrease in older age in males. A progressive increase in viscosity is observed in females with aging. We determined three age periods during which the viscosity values remain constant: 1) from the period of early infancy to the second childhood (3.6 ± 0.07 mPa s regardless of sex); 2) from adolescence to the second period of adulthood (5.1 ± 0.06 in men; 4.3 ± 0.05 mPa s in women); 3) elderly and senile age (4.7 ± 0.13 in men; 4.4 ± 0.09 mPa s in women). Sex-related differences in the absolute value of blood viscosity (p < 0.001) were discovered in the period of adulthood. Moreover, we observed sex-related differences in the values of determination coefficients of interrelation between viscosity and the level of red blood cells (R(M)2 = 0.41, p < 0.001; R(F)2 = 0.35, p < 0.001), and viscosity and cholesterol level (R(M)2 = 0.47, p < 0.001; R(F)2 = 0.68, p < 0.001) among men and women. The factor analysis showed that blood viscosity correlates with the concentration of red blood cells by 28%; with the level of fibrinogen, by 23%; with the cholesterol concentration, by 20%.

[The study of hemodynamic parameters of human internal carotid arteries depending on the age considering the sex and the localization of the artery].

The research of the ultrasound diameter, linear velocity and the resistance of internal carotid arteries of 647 people of both sexes aged from one to 74 years was conducted. Additionally, shear stress and the Reynolds number were calculated. During the period from early childhood to adolescence and from the first mature to old age there is an increase in the diameter of the internal carotid arteries. The phases of increased vascular resistance by the first period of childhood, adolescence and old age are observed. Volumetric flow rate has relatively stable parameters till adolescence, then it declines by old age. The average linear velocity, shear stress, and the Reynolds number diminish progressively twice with age. Laminar blood flow with local twists in the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis is characteristic of internal carotid arteries. The diameter of internal carotid arteries, vascular resistance index, blood flow velocity are higher in males than in females during most age periods. Shear stress in both internal carotid arteries during the age periods studied is symmetrical and has no sex differences.

Evidence of orbital reconstruction at interfaces in ultrathin La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films.

Linear dichroism (LD) in x-ray absorption, diffraction, transport, and magnetization measurements on thin La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) films grown on different substrates, allow identification of a peculiar interface effect, related just to the presence of the interface. We report the LD signature of preferential 3d-e(g)(3z(2)-r(2)) occupation at the interface, suppressing the double exchange mechanism. This surface orbital reconstruction is opposite to that favored by residual strain and is independent of dipolar fields, the chemical nature of the substrate and the presence of capping layers.

Nanonails: a simple geometrical approach to electrically tunable superlyophobic surfaces.

In this work, dynamically tunable, superlyophobic surfaces capable of undergoing a transition from profound superlyophobic behavior to almost complete wetting have been demonstrated for the first time. In the initial state, with no voltage applied, these surfaces exhibit contact angles as high as 150 degrees for a wide variety of liquids with surface tensions ranging from 21.8 mN/m (ethanol) to 72.0 mN/m (water). Upon application of an electrical voltage, a transition from the superlyophobic state to wetting is observed. We have examined experimentally and theoretically the nature of these transitions. The reported results provide novel methods of manipulating liquids on the microscale.

[Dynamics of neuropsychological symptomatics following endovascular surgical interventions]. / Dinamika neiropsikhologicheskoi simptomatiki pri éndovaskuliarnykh khirurgicheskikh vmeshatel'stvakh

The paper is concerned with the neuropsychological symptomatology due to arterio-venous cerebral vascular aneurysmas. The authors report of the development of such signs following occlusions of the afferent vessells in aneurysmas in 19 patients. The study permitted to distinguish the possible genesis of disturbed cerebral functions which are related directly with the aneurysm localization and with intracerebral hematomas, as well as with the hemodynamical factors. The authors diplay the changed structure of the neuropsychological syndrome in reconstructed cerebral circulation following arterial occlusion, supplying the aneurysma. The achieved data allow one to consider the clinicopsychological method as a rather refined indicator of reconstructed cerebral circulation.