ABSTRACT
Results of investigations of meiosis in microsporogenesis, sporads and pollen grains as well as mitosis in root meristematic cells in 94 species of angiosperms (from 28 families) growing in different ecological conditions in the zone with higher radionuclide pollution after the Ch.NPS accident are present. The low percentage (0.5-2.0%) of anomalies on investigating parameters has been revealed in the majority of species, only in certain species (8-10%) the correlation between an increase of the number of anomalies and an increase of the gamma-radiation level was shown. The data obtained make evident the resistance of the seed reproduction system in higher plants to chronic irradiation by the low doses of ionising radiation.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Radioactive/adverse effects , Chromosome Aberrations , Environmental Monitoring , Plants/radiation effects , Power Plants , Radioactive Hazard Release , Radioisotopes/adverse effects , Meiosis/radiation effects , Meristem/cytology , Meristem/radiation effects , Mitosis/radiation effects , Plant Cells , Pollen/cytology , Pollen/radiation effects , Spores/cytology , Spores/radiation effects , UkraineABSTRACT
Levels of adenylate metabolism have been studied in cells of Nicotiana tabacum growing in vitro, and in root apex extracts of Pisum sativum irradiated at the 95-in. isochronous cyclotron U-240, Institute for Nuclear Research, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv. Particle beams of accelerated helium ions with energy 9.34 keV/micrometer were used. Replacement and rapid freezing of the irradiated plants samples in liquid nitrogen were carried out with a manipulator and a remote control system. After doses of 5, 20, 50, and 100 Gy of gamma-irradiation, as well as 50 and 100 Gy 4He irradiation, the cellular ATP/ADP ratio increased during early stages of the response. This effect was absent at higher doses and after exposure to sparesly-ionizing radiation, when a rapid decline in the cellular ATP concentration and the ATP/ADP ratio occurred.
Subject(s)
Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Gamma Rays , Ions , Nicotiana/radiation effects , Pisum sativum/radiation effects , Plants, Toxic , Adenosine Diphosphate/radiation effects , Adenosine Triphosphate/radiation effects , Cobalt Radioisotopes , Cyclotrons , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Helium , Microscopy, Electron , Mitochondria/radiation effects , Mitochondria/ultrastructure , Pisum sativum/cytology , Pisum sativum/metabolism , Pisum sativum/ultrastructure , Plant Roots/cytology , Plant Roots/metabolism , Plant Roots/radiation effects , Plant Roots/ultrastructure , Nicotiana/cytology , Nicotiana/metabolism , Nicotiana/ultrastructureABSTRACT
The root apex cells of Pisum sativum were irradiated in an U-240 isochronous cyclotron at the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv. Several types of micronuclei, differing in structural peculiarities, were observed in the 84 h following exposure to beams of accelerated 1H, 4He, and 14N ions with linear energy transfer (LET) of 0.95, 9.34, and 221 keV/microns, respectively. The maximum micronucleus induction was observed after irradiation with helium ions. Results obtained show that the micronucleus assay is a responsive test for investigations of cytogenetic damage produced by high LET beams in dividing cell systems in vivo.
Subject(s)
Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/radiation effects , Linear Energy Transfer , Pisum sativum/ultrastructureABSTRACT
On the basis of using of modern methods of cytological analysis the cell growth peculiarities, reproduction and structure of plant cells of different level organisation (unicellular algae, mosses, angiosperms, cell cultures of higher factors--weightlessness, hypogravity, magnetic fields of various intensity, vibration and acceleration were cleared. It is shown that many discovered biological effects of space flight are connected with the degree of complexity of the object organisation and intensified with the increasing duration of influence.