[Mobbing as the syndrome of destructive professiogenesis].

Mobbing has entered reference books as the syndrome including harassment and insult of employees in the workplaces for the purpose of constraint for dismissal. In the framework of the synergetic methodology, fractal dynamics of mobbing sociogenesis, psychogenesis and somatogenesis have been separated. Approaches to early diagnostics and prevention in the framework of the strategies of adaptive professiogenesis formation have been explained. A system approach to development of preventive-correctional and treatment-rehabilitation medicopsychosocial programs has been proposed.

[Philippe Pinel and the psychiatry of late XVII--early XIX centuries].

The article analyzes the social economic premises promoting the psychiatry to distinguish to independent medical specialty with its own ideological base and methodological filling. The ideological concepts and methodological priorities of psychiatry prevailing in this epoch using the example of views of F. Pinel, his disciples and contemporaries are considered.

[The interdisciplinary approach to the history of psychiatry].

The historical approach is applied ever often to investigate various problems of medicine. The specificity of methodological approach to the history of psychiatry is related with the necessity to implement the historic methods of study not only medicine but other disciplines (non-medical ones included) and the needs of society the progress of medicine depended. The study of problem in this context demands the implementation of the interdisciplinary system to provide the complimentary methodological approach to more comprehensive understanding of historical patterns of development of science and its perspectives. A good example of such a system is synergetics which provide the possibility to evaluate different characteristics and patterns of non-linear historical process. The main target of this approach is to reveal the unobvious patterns, to determine the interdependent algorithms and tendencies escaping from the attention of disciplinary-specific approach to the history of medicine.

[Phenomenon of occupational deformation of personality nowadays].

The authors analyzed destructive features of occupational development, presented main components of destructive development of specialists and professionals, justified synergetic concept of destructive professiogenesis.

[A screening procedure for health factors].

A health environment screening procedure has been developed, which is a questionnaire assessing the significance of factors, such as lifestyle, habitat, genetics, public health care, mentality. The developed procedure can ascertain the contribution of each factor to the health of man or a group of individuals, thus defining the factors that may cause diseases, optimize, and individualize the organization of prophylactic care.

[The burnout syndrome in communicative professional workers].

To study the specific features of the burnout syndrome (BOS) in communicative professional workers, the authors examined 138 communicative workers (94 females and 44 males); of them there were 51 physical education masters, 43 elementary school teachers, 20 consulting shop assistants, and 24 legal officers. BOS was detected in more than two thirds of elementary school teachers and more than a third of physical education masters, consulting shop assistants, legal officers, and practitioners. The completely developed BOS was most frequently encountered in elementary school teachers (in every four individuals), slightly less frequently in practitioners, consulting shop assistants, and legal officers (in every ten persons). The highest BOS levels were observed in elementary school teachers having a service length of less than 5 years and in legal officers and practitioners having a service length of more than 10 years. The paper provides evidence for the expediency of complex preventive measures for the representatives of these professions and for psychological support of their professional activities.

Ethnic medicine: from fundamental studies to practice of health preservation of the indigenous peoples in the North.

OBJECTIVES: We carry out social-hygienic and medical examinations of the indigenous population of the Russian northern territories. STUDY DESIGN: Mobile medical teams examined the population of the most of settlements of the Nenets autonomous area. METHODS: The study of the peculiarities of the public health state of the indigenous people. RESULTS: The studies allowed us to work out normative indices of physical development, functional state of the systems of hemopoiesis, blood circulation, immunity, exchange of microelements and electrolytes, to reveal the region's peculiarities of functional indices of a number of life supporting systems and their influence on the character of pathology course, the regional structure of morbidity, to work out schemes of their correction rational under these conditions. CONCLUSION: The results of the carried out long-term scientific and practical work on the study and preservation of health of the northern indigenous peoples small in number have led to conclusion about the need in organization of a new direction in medicine, i.e., ethnical medicine.

[Special features of mental and somatic status of the employees of law-enforcement bodies of the Chechen Republic].

With the purpose of study of features of psychical and somatic prosperity of employees of organs of internal affairs of Chechen Republic the inspection of 64 employees was conducted. It is set that a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSR) was exposed for 3% inspected employees-contracters. The separate symptoms of PTSR were observed for 2/5 contracters and at 1/4 workings on permanent basis. Complaints about somatic disfunctions were present at more than 1/2 employees, dischargings official duties by contract, and 2/5--workings on permanent basis. Presence of intercommunications of complaints with the subscales of questionnaire of traumatic stress, specifies on psychosomatic nature of violations of somatic health because of finding in extreme battle conditions.

[Mental ecology: from dependency disorders concept to systemic health monitoring].

The author deals with factors and conditions of dependency disorders development, specifies synergic concept of dependency behavior, defines fractals of psychogenesis, somatogenesis and sociogenesis of dependencies. The article covers definitions of mental health and mental ecology, conceptual and structural pattern of systemic ecologic monitoring including mental health monitoring.

[Maritime medical service as a means to preserve health in water transport workers].

The authors justify new views of maritime medical service as a science of work ecology for individuals engaged into high risk occupations. The article describes unfavorable factors experienced by seamen during long voyages, presents analysis of maritime medicine state in Russia and outlines prospects for development of such medical branch.

[Main risk factors of psychosomatic diseases].

AIM: To reveal main risk factors (RF) of psychosomatic diseases and to design models of prediction of each nosological entity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For design of a model of predicting the risk of different nosological entities of psychosomatic diseases, a standard linear regression model was used. The study included 482 patients with arterial hypertension (AH, n = 96), ischemic heart disease (IHD, n = 99), duodenal ulcer (DU, n = 60), bronchial asthma (BA, n = 52), diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM-1, n = 84) and 2 (DM-2, n = 91). RESULTS: The stress factor was essential in the onset of all the diseases and was registered in more than 90% cases. The other leading prognostic RF in AH were the following: heredity, age, hypodynamics, history of craniocerebral traumas. In IHD--AH, age over 50, dislipidemia, behavior pattern 1. In DU--alcoholism, malnutrition, Helicobacter pylori infection. In BA--reaction to atopic and infection allergens, physical and meteorological factors, allergic diseases. In DM-1--heredity and prior virus infections. In DM-2--obesity, IHD, AH, dislipidemia. CONCLUSION: A stress factor plays an important role in development of all the diseases studied. This confirms a psychosomatic nature of these diseases and point to necessity of rendering psychotherapeutic and psychological aid to such patients at early stages of the disease. The models proposed for prognosis of the risk to develop psychosomatic diseases can predict probability of the disease onset.

[The quality of type 1 diabetes management and the internal picture of the disease].

Ninety patients (46 males and 44 females) were examined to study the relationship of the quality of type 1 diabetes melhtus (DM1) management to the clinical picture of the disease (CPD). The examination involved the psychological test "Disease attitudes" and physiobiochemical blood studies. The quality of DM1 management was ascertained to depend on CPD. Hyponosognosia predisposes to better disease compensation. There were high levels of glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin in hypernosognostic attitudes leading to social dysadaptation. The metabolic control in patients with DM1 is associated with the course of the disease: the severer DM1 complications are, the greater difficulties are in managing the disease.

[Human health in the space rocket-making areas: medical and environmental aspects].

The paper deals with the problems of medical and ecological escorts of space rocket-making activities. The properties of one of the highly toxic components of propellant - asymmetric dimethylhydrazine as a substance assigned to a class of ecological toxicants, are considered. The data obtained on implementing the program for a study of the health status in the population living not far from the asymmetric dimethylhydrazine-polluted areas are presented. The authors propose to consider a package of measures that can apply the systems approach to securing the safety of the population to live and work in areas under space-rocket making activities, which is based on the prevention principle provided by the Rio de Janeiro Environment and Development Declaration.

[Higher mental functions of the workers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs under extreme professional activities].

Mental (cognitive) processes were analyzed in officers from different subdivisions of internal affairs bodies during their service. The study parameters were found to be in the normal range, but at the same time there were significant differences between occupational groups. The more the length of service was, the more verbal information was kept in mind in officers from criminal investigation and inquiry departments and district militia inspectors. With more service, there is an increase in mental fatigue and a reduction in the level of combinatorial analysis in all study groups. The findings enhance the capacities of solving the problems of occupational selection, staff arrangement, timely psychological correction and prevention of mental diseases.

[The clinical picture of diabetes melhtus and its relationship to the psychodynamic features of the nervous system].

A hundred and fifty patients with types 1 (n = 90) and 2 (n = 60) diabetes mellitus (DM) were examined to elucidate its clinical picture and its relationship to psychophysiological parameters. Hypernosognosia with anxiety and hypochondria was found to be more common in high-anxiety persons with a preponderance of inhibitory processes, with a low agility of nervous processes, a low need for activities and familiarization of disciplines, low levels of activation, activities, vitality, and a high emotional response to a situation. Hyponosognosia is associated with a low anxiety, a preponderance of excitative processes, with a high agility of nervous processes, a great need for activities and familiarization of disciplines, a prompt performance of operations while making any activity, and a low emotionality. The found specific features suggest that there is a relationship of the psychodynamic traits of a personality to the formation of the type of an attitude to the disease. For adequate correction of DM, when an aid delivered to the patients, it is necessary to take into account their psychodynamic traits, i e. the predominance of excitative or inhibitory processes, the agility of nervous processes, the need for activities, the speed of its performance, the level of anxiety and emotional responsiveness, which determine the type of an attitude to the disease.

[Algorithm of life quality evaluation for patients with psychosomatic diseases]. / Algoritm otsenki kachestva zhizni u bol'nykh s psikhosomaticheskimi zabolevaniiami.

AIM: To elaborate the algorithm for evaluation of quality of life (QL) in patients with psychosomatic diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: AMPI, Spilberger-Khanin anxiety test, the procedures 'general state, activity, mood" and "personality differential". RESULTS: The algorithm of QL evaluation comprises a questionnaire consisting of 48 questions divided into 3 blocks. Quality of the somatic state was assessed by restrictions in exercise, self-care, everyday activity. A psychological component of QL was determined by the presence of depression, anxiety, emotional effects on everyday and professional activity; the social component--by relations in office, family, medical personal. The procedure was standardized, so QL should be considered as high at 97-144 points, good 87-96, satisfactory 44-86, unsatisfactory results were at 26-43 points, poor--at 0-25 points. CONCLUSION: The proposed technique of QL of psychosomatic patients proved its validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be recommended for design of psychosocial and medical rehabilitative measures as well as for assessment of efficacy of these measures.

[Distribution of excess body weight among female residents of Arkhangelsk]. / Rasprostranennost' izbytochnoi massy tela sredi zhenskogo naseleniia Arkhangel'ska.

The prevalence of obesity was studied among the female population of Arkhangelsk. A total of 1920 females aged 4 to 60 years were examined. The age of 4 to 7 years were ascertained to be the riskiest period for obesity among children and adolescents. Among girls aged 8 to 11 years, as well as in adolescence and youth, a third had insufficient body weights. 43.7% of the females aged 21 years of older had obesity and adiposity, which requires efforts to implement preventive measures to correct their weight.

[Quality of life in psychosomatic diseases]. / Kachestvo zhizni pri psikhosomaticheskikh zabolevaniiakh.

To study life quality (LQ) in psychosomatic diseases, 104 patients (58 females and 46 males) with these diseases were examined. Among them there were 35 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), 28 with arterial hypertension (AH), 21 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), 20 with duodenal peptic ulcer (PU). A matched group comprised 26 patients with acute pneumonia (AP). Low LQ was determined according to all 3 components: somatic, mental, and social. The lowest LQ was noted in patients with CHD, AH, and DM, indicating severity of these diseases accompanying marked changes in all spheres of life. PU was characterized by higher values that showed a fair LQ and that were due to a more favorable course of the disease. Patients with AP had a high LQ, which suggests that this acute disease does not lower LQ or accompany pronounced changes in human life. By and large, paychosomatic patients' LQ depended on age, severity, stage, and duration of a disease, disability.