ABSTRACT
This study explores adolescents' subjective experiences when facing body measurements at school, performed to evaluate the effects of a school-based intervention to promote physical activity. Three semi-structured interviews (n = 3) and two focus groups (n = 7 and 3) were conducted with adolescents after measuring some variables related to their weight and adiposity. Observational data (n = 88) collected by the two researchers in charge of the measurements were also obtained. Findings derived from our thematic analysis question the suitability of body measurements as social contexts where the core ideas of healthism emerge. Some adolescents lived body measurements as negative social experiences, promoting body dissatisfaction, social comparison, embarrassment, and simplistic associations between health and body shape, which could hinder their adherence to healthy habits. We emphasize the role of qualitative research when evaluating pre/posttests of school-based intervention studies, not just the interventions themselves, to generate knowledge to improve research protocols and prevent unwanted psychological outcomes in participants.
Subject(s)
Exercise , Obesity , Adolescent , Humans , Exercise/psychology , Social Environment , Schools , Students/psychology , School Health ServicesABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), virus herpes simple-2 (VHS-2) y N. gonorrhoeae (NG) y los factores de riesgo relacionados con la infección, en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Medellín. Metodología Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en un grupo de 323 estudiantes universitarios. A través de un formulario en línea, se realizó el reporte de los factores de riesgo y síntomas relacionados con infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y luego se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos IgG y IgM para CT y VHS-2 y se realizó una prueba de PCR-RT para detectar NG y CT. Resultados La frecuencia de IgG para CT fue del 13% y la positividad para IgM fue del 11,9%. La frecuencia de IgG para VHS-2 fue del 11,8% y la frecuencia de CT y NG por la prueba PCR-RT fue del 1,5% y del 0%, respectivamente. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron: vida sexual activa en el 96,9%, uso algunas veces o nunca del condón en un 75,2%. Reportaron que tenían secreción genital el 13,6% de los estudiantes; úlceras, el 2,8%; verrugas, el 5,3%; ardor al orinar, el 15,5%; ampollas, el 4,6%, y diagnóstico previo de una ITS, el 18,9% de los estudiantes. Conclusión Se encontró CT y VHS-2 entre los jóvenes estudiados y además una alta frecuencia de factores de riesgo para la adquisición de ITS. Se recomienda mejorar las campañas de prevención y diagnóstico de las ITS en los jóvenes universitarios.
ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Herpes Simple-2 virus (HSV-2) and N. gonorrhoeae (NG), and the risk factors related to the infection in a group of college students in the city of Medellín, Colombia. Methods A descriptive study was carried out in a group of 323 university students. Through an online form, the risk factors and symptoms related to sexually transmitted infection (STI) were reported, and then the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies for CT and HSV-2 was determined, and RT-PCR testing was performed to detect NG and CT. Results 13% was the IgG frequency for CT while 11.9% was for IgM. The frequency for IgG for VHS-2 was 11.8 while the frequencies determined by RT-PCR for CT and NG were 1.5% and 0.0% respectively. The risk factors most commonly associated were active sex life, 96.9%, and random use of condom, 75.2%. It was also found that 13.6% of the students had genital secretions, 2.8% had ulcers, 5.3% had genital warts, 4.6% had blisters, 15.5% had dysuria, and 18.9% had a previous STI diagnosis. Conclusions CT and HVS-2 were found among college students, besides a series of risk factors associated with STI. It is recomended to improve prevention and diagnosis campaigns among young college students.
ABSTRACT
Los postulados de la teoría de la autodeterminación defienden que para lograr una motivación más positiva y el bienestar es necesario satisfacer las necesidades psicológicas básicas: autonomía, competencia y relación. Para medir la satisfacción de estas necesidades en la vida, se ha creado la Escala de Satisfacción de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en General (BNSG-S). Sus propiedades psicométricas han sido analizadas recientemente, aunque sólo con muestras de estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar su validez y fiabilidad con una muestra de adultos españoles. En el estudio participaron 399 personas (202 hombres y 197 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 65 años. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio dieron apoyo a la validez de un modelo reducido de 16 ítems y efecto de método en los ítems negativos. La estructura factorial fue invariante por sexo y edad. Además, se obtuvieron valores adecuados de fiabilidad y estabilidad temporal. El análisis de las evidencias de validez externa mostró que la satisfacción de las tres necesidades psicológicas básicas se asociaba positivamente con la motivación autodeterminada hacia la actividad física y la satisfacción con la vida. Estos resultados dan apoyo a la utilización del instrumento en el contexto español.
The postulates of self-determination theory advocate the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness) to achieve more positive motivation and well-being. The Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG-S) was created to measure the satisfaction of these needs in life. Its psychometric properties have recently been analyzed, although only with samples of college students. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the validity and reliability of the BNSG-S with a sample of Spanish adults. Three hundred ninety-nine people (202 men and 197 women), aged between 18 and 65, participated in this study. The results of confirmatory factor analysis support the validity of a reduced model of 16 items and a negative-worded method effect. The factor structure was invariant across gender and age. It was also obtained acceptable values of reliability and temporal stability. The analysis of external validity evidences showed that the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs was positively associated with self-determined motivation towards physical activity and satisfaction with life. These results support the utilization of the instrument in the Spanish context.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Motor Activity , Personal Autonomy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Personal Satisfaction , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Introducción. En los últimos 25 años varios estudios han mostrado la eficacia de diversas intervenciones psicológicas para los trastornos graves de la personalidad. Sin embargo, la generalización de estos resultados positivos desde entornos con larga tradición investigadora a condiciones de práctica habitual ha sido cuestionada, reclamándose la replicación en estudios pragmáticos. Métodos. Este estudio pragmático compara las hospitalizaciones y las visitas a Urgencias antes y durante un programa terapéutico de 6 meses para trastornos graves de la personalidad y 36 meses después del inicio. El programa terapéutico, que integra varias intervenciones específicas en un encuadre coherente, se realizó en un entorno de práctica habitual. Se incluyeron 51 pacientes evaluados de acuerdo con criterios DSM-IV por medio de la versión española de la Entrevista Clínica Estructurada para Trastornos de la Personalidad (SCID-II). Resultados. Las características clínicas evidenciaron un grupo de pacientes muy graves, de los que el 78,4% cumplía criterios de trastorno límite de la personalidad. El porcentaje de pacientes hospitalizados y que visitaron Urgencias, así como el número de días de hospitalización y de visitas a Urgencias, se redujo significativamente durante el tratamiento, y esta mejoría se mantuvo en el tiempo. Conclusiones. Un tratamiento integrado para trastornos graves de la personalidad puede ser efectivo para reducir las readmisiones o las estancias hospitalarias prolongadas cuando es implementado por clínicos en condiciones de práctica habitual (AU)
Introduction. Over the past 25 years, several studies have shown the efficacy of a number of psychological interventions for severe personality disorders. However, the generalizability of these positive results from long traditional research settings to more ordinary ones has been questioned, requiring a need for replication in pragmatic studies. Methods. This pragmatic study compares hospitalizations and Emergency Room visits before and during a 6-month therapeutic program for severe personality disorders, and at 36 months after starting it. The therapeutic program, which integrates several specific interventions within a coherent framework, was carried out in an ordinary clinical setting. Fifty-one patients, evaluated according DSM-IV criteria by using the Spanish version of the Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders (SCID-II), were included. Results. The clinical characteristics showed a group of severely disturbed patients, of which 78.4% met criteria for borderline personality disorder. The percentage of patients hospitalized and visiting the Emergency Room, as well as the number of days of hospitalization and Emergency Room visits was significantly reduced during the treatment, and this improvement was maintained throughout. Conclusions. An integrated treatment for severe personality disorders could be effective in preventing reliance on readmissions, or prolonged hospital stays, when it is implemented by clinicians in ordinary clinical settings (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Personality Disorders/therapy , Borderline Personality Disorder/therapy , Psychotherapy , Health Programs and Plans , EffectivenessABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Over the past 25 years, several studies have shown the efficacy of a number of psychological interventions for severe personality disorders. However, the generalizability of these positive results from long traditional research settings to more ordinary ones has been questioned, requiring a need for replication in pragmatic studies. METHODS: This pragmatic study compares hospitalizations and Emergency Room visits before and during a 6-month therapeutic program for severe personality disorders, and at 36 months after starting it. The therapeutic program, which integrates several specific interventions within a coherent framework, was carried out in an ordinary clinical setting. Fifty-one patients, evaluated according DSM-IV criteria by using the Spanish version of the Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders (SCID-II), were included. RESULTS: The clinical characteristics showed a group of severely disturbed patients, of which 78.4% met criteria for borderline personality disorder. The percentage of patients hospitalized and visiting the Emergency Room, as well as the number of days of hospitalization and Emergency Room visits was significantly reduced during the treatment, and this improvement was maintained throughout. CONCLUSIONS: An integrated treatment for severe personality disorders could be effective in preventing reliance on readmissions, or prolonged hospital stays, when it is implemented by clinicians in ordinary clinical settings.
Subject(s)
Day Care, Medical/organization & administration , Personality Disorders/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Adult , Borderline Personality Disorder/drug therapy , Borderline Personality Disorder/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Interview, Psychological , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Personality Disorders/drug therapy , Program Evaluation , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain , Treatment Outcome , Suicide PreventionABSTRACT
ENTIDADES: Escuela de Investigaciones Médicas Aplicadas, Biblioteca Médica, Facultad de Medicina; Sistema de Bibliotecas, Universidad de Antioquia.Objetivo: localizar y describir los ensayos clínicos (EC) con distribución aleatoria publicados en la región. Se pretende que esta información permita un mayor conocimiento de este tipo de actividad científica, así como que constituya la base de partida para los trabajos de la Colaboración Cochrane Iberoamericana.Metodología: búsqueda manual en los principales títulos de revistas médicas de la región de los posibles ensayos clínicos controlados.Resultados: se revisaron 23 revistas, en las cuales se encontraron 52 ensayos clínicos controlados y tres ensayos clínicos aleatorizados.Conclusiones: este trabajo es pionero en Antioquia y el viejo Caldas en la búsqueda de ensayos clínicos controlados en las principales publicaciones entre 1948-1998. Hace parte del estudio "Identificación de los estudios clínicos controlados y meta-análisis en las revistas de salud en Colombia 1948-1998", iniciado con el fin de crear una base latinoamericana de datos especializada en ensayos clínicos.
