Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Vision, Low/etiology , Confusion/etiology , Hypoglycemia/etiology , Insulinoma/complications , Pancreatic Neoplasms/complications , Blood Glucose/analysis , Hypoglycemia/blood , Hypoglycemia/therapy , Insulinoma/diagnosis , Insulinoma/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Pancreatectomy , Pancreas/pathology , Pancreas , Pancreas/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
El exenatide es el primer agonista sintético del receptor de GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) aprobado para el tratamiento de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. La multiplicidad de efectos que produce sobre el metabolismo de la glucosa, el apetito y el peso corporal, así como su capacidad potencial para mantener la masa de células β, lo convierten en una alternativa terapéutica atractiva. El presente artículo pretende revisar la información existente sobre la farmacocinética, farmacodinamia, efectividad y seguridad del exenatide en humanos, derivada de los primeros estudios de fase I y II y de los ensayos clínicos controlados que condujeron a la aprobación de su uso clínico como terapia de combinación con sulfonilureas y metformina.
Exenatide is the first synthetic agonist of the GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) receptor approved for clinical use in patients with type 2 diabetes. The multiplicity of its effects over glucose metabolism, appetite, body weight and its potential capacity to preserve the ?cell mass, makes it an attractive therapeutic alternative. This article attempts to review the current literature on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of exenatide in humans, derived from the early phase I and II studies, and from the clinical controlled trials that led to its approval for clinical use as a combination therapy with sulphonylureas and metformin.
Subject(s)
Humans , /drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Venoms/pharmacology , Peptides/pharmacology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Venoms/therapeutic use , Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/antagonists & inhibitors , Peptides/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Exenatide is the first synthetic agonist of the GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) receptor approved for clinical use in patients with type 2 diabetes. The multiplicity of its effects over glucose metabolism, appetite, body weight and its potential capacity to preserve the ?cell mass, makes it an attractive therapeutic alternative. This article attempts to review the current literature on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of exenatide in humans, derived from the early phase I and II studies, and from the clinical controlled trials that led to its approval for clinical use as a combination therapy with sulphonylureas and metformin.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Peptides/pharmacology , Venoms/pharmacology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Exenatide , Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/antagonists & inhibitors , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Peptides/therapeutic use , Venoms/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Confusion/etiology , Hypoglycemia/etiology , Insulinoma/complications , Pancreatic Neoplasms/complications , Vision, Low/etiology , Blood Glucose/analysis , Female , Humans , Hypoglycemia/blood , Hypoglycemia/therapy , Insulinoma/diagnosis , Insulinoma/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Pancreas/diagnostic imaging , Pancreas/pathology , Pancreas/surgery , Pancreatectomy , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Radiography , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Gastroduodenal mucosal injury is a widely recognized side effect of non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAID). Distal small bowel and colon are additional organs of the gastrointestinal tract exposed to deleterious effects of these drugs. Inflammation and ulceration have been described as pathologic damage associated with NSAID. Strictures of colon induced by NSAID are a new entity characterized by diaphragm-like strictures. Most patients present with anemia, obstructive symptoms, diarrhea, or weight loss. Endoscopic dilation, surgical resection, symptomatic treatment, and interruption of NSAID ingestion are treatment of choice. Only 23 cases of NSAID-related, colonic, diaphragm-like strictures have been reported. Here we describe a case of concentric colonic stricture related to naproxen and clinical features of this entity are discussed.
