ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: It is unclear to what extent diabetes modulates the ageing-related adaptations of cardiac geometry and function. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined 1005 adults, aged 25-74 years, from a population-based survey at baseline in 1994/5 and at follow-up in 2004/5. We compared persistently non-diabetic individuals (ND; no diabetes at baseline and at follow-up, n=833) with incident (ID; non-diabetic at baseline and diabetic at follow-up, n=36) and with prevalent diabetics (PD; diabetes at baseline and follow-up examination, n=21). Left ventricular (LV) geometry and function were evaluated by echocardiography. Statistical analyses were performed with multivariate linear regression models. Over ten years the PD group displayed a significantly stronger relative increase of LV mass (+9.34% vs. +23.7%) that was mediated by a more pronounced increase of LV end-diastolic diameter (+0% vs. +6.95%) compared to the ND group. In parallel, LA diameter increased (+4.50% vs. +12.7%), whereas ejection fraction decreased (+3.02% vs. -4.92%) more significantly in the PD group. Moreover, at the follow-up examination the PD and ID groups showed a significantly worse diastolic function, indicated by a higher E/EM ratio compared with the ND group (11.6 and 11.8 vs. 9.79, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Long-standing diabetes was associated with an acceleration of age-related changes of left ventricular geometry accumulating in an eccentric remodelling of the left ventricle. Likewise, echocardiographic measures of systolic and diastolic ventricular function deteriorated more rapidly in individuals with diabetes.
Subject(s)
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/epidemiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/epidemiology , Ventricular Remodeling , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/diagnostic imaging , Disease Progression , Female , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Linear Models , Male , Middle Aged , Prediabetic State , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
The growing absolute number of the elderly causes an increase in the number of patients suffering from not only chronic diseases and multimorbidity, but also higher usage of the health care system. In the German Federal State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (MW), the effects of demographic change will be more pronounced than in other regions. The objective of this article is to show the consequences of the changing population structure for the health care system. Using examples from MW, innovative models to secure high quality health care at the population level are presented. Examples include the establishment of subsidiary practices, multidisciplinary ambulatory health care centers, delegation models, ambulatory health care managers, telemedicine, and intensified and improved interdisciplinary networking. In the context of the demographic change, assisted care, adequate symptom control, maintaining personnel competence, preservation of an independent lifestyle with a high quality of life, and stimulation of social participation become priority objectives of medical care. Besides the effectiveness and the quality of results with regard to these objectives, innovative health care models should be economically evaluated at the population level under real life practice conditions.
