ABSTRACT
The extreme steric bulk of tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl derivatives (1-X) provides interesting structural and dynamic behavior for study. Dynamic NMR studies on 1-SePh and 1-I showed restricted rotation around the C-Si bonds of each trimethylsilyl groups. An extensive multinuclear NMR study of natural abundance and (6)Li and (13)C enriched 1-Li revealed three species in THF-containing solvents, a dimer 1T, and two monomers, the contact ion pair 1C, and solvent separated ion pair 1S. Observed barriers for interconversion of 1-Li aggregates were unusually high (DeltaG(double dagger) ca. 9 kcal/mol for exchange of 1S and 1C, DeltaG(double dagger)(41) = 16.4 kcal/mol for exchange of 1T with 1C and 1S), allowing for study of reactivity of each aggregate individually. We can show that 1S is at least 50 times as reactive as 1C and at least 5 x 10(10) times as reactive as 1T toward MeI. The large difference in reactivity allowed further study on the mechanism of the lithium-iodine exchange of 1-I with 1-Li and characterization of the intermediate iodine ate complex 4. Additional calibrations are presented for the sensitive yet chemically inert (13)C NMR chemical shift thermometer 1-H.
Subject(s)
Iodine/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Trimethylsilyl Compounds/chemistry , Benzaldehydes/chemistry , Disulfides/chemistry , Ethers/chemistry , Furans/chemistry , Hydrocarbons, Iodinated/chemistry , Kinetics , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Solutions , TemperatureABSTRACT
Low-temperature rapid-injection NMR (RINMR) experiments were performed on tris(trimethylsilyl)methyllithium. In THF/Me2O solutions, the separated ion (1S) reacted faster than can be measured at -130 degrees C with MeI and substituted benzaldehydes (k >/= 2 s -1), whereas the contact ion (1C) dissociated to 1S before reacting. Unexpectedly, the triple ion reacted faster with electron-rich benzaldehydes relative to electron-deficient ones. The addition of HMPA had no effect on the rate of reaction of the triple ion with p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde, and the immediate product of the reaction was the HMPA-solvated separated ion 1S, with the Peterson product forming only slowly. Thus, the aldehyde is catalyzing the dissociation of the triple ion. HMPA greatly decelerated the reaction of 1S (<10 -10), providing an estimate of the Lewis acid activating effect of a THF-solvated lithium cation in an organolithium addition to an aldehyde.
Subject(s)
Aldehydes/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Trimethylsilyl Compounds/chemistry , Hempa/chemistryABSTRACT
Ether-solvated contact and separated ion pairs (CIP and SIP) for two lithium reagents, tris(trimethylsilyl)methyllithium (1) and bis(3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenylthio)methyllithium (2), have been characterized and observed for the first time under conditions of slow exchange by NMR spectroscopy, and barriers to interconversion have been measured. A Saunders isotope perturbation experiment was used to support identification of the CIP and SIP species for 2.
