Subject(s)
Biomedical Research , Delivery of Health Care , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Services for the Aged , Quality of Life , Adult , Aged , Female , Germany , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , ScienceABSTRACT
It has been suggested that older patients would have fewer resources than younger patients. We assessed psychosocial resources in 361 recently diagnosed cancer patients. Older patients had a stronger internal health-related locus of control but also less hope than younger patients. No age differences were found for self-esteem and perceived social support. In addition, older patients reported lower levels of negative and positive affect. Curative-intended therapy and social support were associated with a more positive affect only in younger patients, whereas hope was only related to older patients' psychological well-being. It is concluded that older cancer patients have similar levels of psychosocial resources compared to younger patients, but that lack of hope is a vulnerability factor for older patients in particular.
Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Neoplasms/psychology , Quality of Life , Self Concept , Social Support , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
Using a 3-year longitudinal data set, we examined the effects of consistently versus inconsistently supportive parenting on several aspects of adolescent adjustment. Supportive parenting was a multidimensional construct which included parental sensitivity, predictability and involvement. The sample consisted of 283 German early adolescents (mean age=11.4 years, S.D.=1.2 at time 1) from former East (n=97) and West (n=186) Germany. As hypothesized, adolescents who reported their parents to be consistently supportive (e.g. supportive for at least two points in time) had lower levels of depression and delinquency, higher levels of self-efficacy and did better in school over the 3-year period than adolescents who reported their parents to be inconsistently supportive (e.g. supportive at only one time point or less). The results showed that there were no significant interactions between region and supportive parenting, indicating that the effects of consistently supportive parenting "worked" in a similar manner in both contexts of former East and West Germany. Results also reveal that supportive parenting is not necessarily a stable phenomenon, but may fluctuate from year to year.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Parent-Child Relations , Parenting , Psychology, Adolescent , Adolescent , Child , Depression , Female , Germany , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Sampling Studies , Self Efficacy , Social Behavior Disorders , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of pubertal timing, demographics, family processes, and leisure activities on the timing of first sexual experience. The sample included 15-18-year-old adolescents from the former East and West Germanys. Hierarchical model using Cox regression examined the differences in the patterns of predictors by nation and sex. Higher levels of parental monitoring predicted later initiation of sexual experience for West males and females and East males. In the final model pubertal timing was significant only for East males. Higher levels of risky leisure predicted earlier first sexual experience for East males and females and West females. Social-romantic leisure was a significant predictor of earlier timing for both West males and females.
Subject(s)
Family/psychology , Leisure Activities , Puberty/psychology , Sexual Behavior , Adolescent , Female , Germany , Humans , Male , Psychosexual Development , Social Change , Social Environment , Social ValuesSubject(s)
Individuation , Parent-Child Relations , Politics , Psychology, Adolescent , Social Change , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Female , Germany, East , Germany, West , Humans , Life Style , Male , Social AdjustmentABSTRACT
Income loss leads to lower family integration, which in turn makes adolescents more sensitive to evaluation by peers. This can result in lower self-esteem and an inclination to act against common rules and norms.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Unemployment/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Family , Female , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , MaleABSTRACT
A taxonomy of welfare work clients, based upon their attitudes, experiences, and demands with respect to welfare work, was established by using cluster analysis and, subsequently, discriminant analysis. In a second step, typologically relevant variables and hypotheses were statistically tested by a configuration-frequency-analysis on the basis of a sample of another 885 clients. 7 configurations of variable scores reached significance, thus confirming the hypothesis predominantly. Furthermore, these results are important for planning strategies of welfare work.
