ABSTRACT
Corrective jaw (orthognathic) surgery is indicated for patients with a malocclusion caused by a skeletal deformity. This paper will discuss current concepts in patient evaluation and review contemporary surgical treatment.
Subject(s)
Jaw Abnormalities/surgery , Malocclusion/surgery , Orthognathic Surgical Procedures , Female , Humans , Hyperplasia , Male , Malocclusion/classification , Mandible/abnormalities , Mandible/pathology , Maxilla/abnormalities , Orthodontics, Corrective , Vertical DimensionABSTRACT
Whether minor or major, traumatic injuries to the maxillofacial area have far-reaching physical and emotional effects. Because the dentition dictates facial form and function, the oral and maxillofacial surgeon, a dental specialist with a minimum of four years of hospital-based surgical training, is uniquely qualified to manage these injuries. At times, the expertise of the general dentist and other dental specialists may be needed to provide definitive care. Several cases are provided to illustrate management of facial trauma.
Subject(s)
Maxillofacial Injuries/surgery , Tooth Injuries/surgery , Accidental Falls , Accidents, Traffic , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Facial Bones/injuries , Female , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Gingiva/injuries , Humans , Lip/injuries , Male , Mandibular Fractures/surgery , Maxillary Fractures/surgery , Oral Surgical Procedures , Skull Fractures/surgery , Tooth Fractures/therapy , Wounds, Gunshot/surgeryABSTRACT
This paper reviews the principal pharmacologic interventions for the management of pain and anxiety in the apprehensive dental patient, including oral sedation, intravenous sedation, and general anesthesia.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Dental , Anesthesia, General , Conscious Sedation/methods , Dental Anxiety/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Ambulatory Care , Anesthesia, Dental/methods , Anesthesiology/legislation & jurisprudence , California , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosageABSTRACT
As the young indigent population of this state grows, access to dental care continues to be a problem. Studies show that children from poor families suffer from a higher caries rate than those from a higher socioeconomic class. The management of pain and anxiety with intravenous sedation or general anesthesia in the young, precooperative patient, can be a significant adjunct to the delivery of dentistry. However, because children in this demographic group frequently lack the financial resources necessary for these treatment modalities, they will either not receive the necessary care because they are deemed unmanageable or will have a traumatic experience causing them to become even more resistant to future dental care. This article demonstrates how oral conscious sedation can be a safe and cost-effective alternative to intravenous sedation and general anesthesia in facilitating dental care for children who could otherwise not be treated.
