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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(5): 749-753, oct. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144274

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La malaria congénita (MC) es la infección por Plasmodium spp adquirida in útero o durante el parto y sus manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas. Puede causar enfermedad grave en la embaraza da y en el recién nacido. OBJETIVO: describir dos casos de MC causados por Plasmodium falciparum, diagnóstico diferencial de sepsis en recién nacidos de gestantes que hayan visitado o residan en áreas endémicas para malaria. CASOS CLÍNICOS: Neonatos de sexo femenino, nacidos en área no endémica para malaria, diagnosticados con sepsis neonatal y tratados con antibióticos sin respuesta clínica. Después de la primera semana de vida la gota gruesa identificó trofozoítos de Plasmodium falciparum y los neonatos recibieron tratamiento con quinina intravenosa con mejoría. Las madres de las recién nacidas tuvieron malaria en el embarazo, una de ellas recibió tratamiento y estaba asintomática y otra tenía malaria complicada al momento del parto. CONCLUSIONES: La MC puede causar enfermedad neonatal grave con manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas y similares a la sepsis, el tratamiento oportuno disminuye el riesgo de malaria complicada. Es un diagnóstico diferencial en recién nacidos de mujeres con malaria durante el embarazo o gestantes que visiten o residan en áreas endémicas.


INTRODUCTION: Congenital malaria (CM) is a Plasmodium spp infection acquired in utero or during delivery with nonspecific clinical manifestations. Plasmodium falciparum can cause severe illness in pregnant wo men and newborns. OBJECTIVE: to describe two cases of CM caused by Plasmodium falciparum, di fferential diagnosis of sepsis in newborns of pregnant women who live in or have visited endemic malaria zones. CLINICAL CASES: Female neonates born in a non-endemic malaria area, diagnosed with neonatal sepsis and treated with antibiotics without clinical response. After the first week of life, the peripheral blood smear identified trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum thus the newborns were treated with intravenous quinine, improving their condition. The mothers of the two newborns who had malaria in pregnancy, one of them received treatment and she was asymptomatic, and the other one had severe malaria at the time of delivery. CONCLUSIONS: CM can cause severe neonatal disease with non-specific, sepsis-like clinical manifestations in which early treatment decreases the risk of complicated malaria. It is a differential diagnosis in newborns of women with a history of malaria during pregnancy or pregnant women visiting or living in endemic malaria areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Young Adult , Malaria, Falciparum/congenital , Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/drug therapy , Neonatal Sepsis/diagnosis , Malaria, Falciparum/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Diagnosis, Differential , Neonatal Sepsis/parasitology , Antimalarials/therapeutic use
2.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 27(3): 161-165, jul.-set. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251654

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La identificación temprana de trastornos del sistema musculoesquelético (SME) en pediatría permite realizar enfoque y tratamiento adecuado. pGALS (pediatric Gait, Arms, Legs and Spine) es una herramienta utilizada en la evaluación de niños con enfermedad osteomuscular previa. En la literatura revisada no se encontraron en Colombia estudios que apliquen pGALS como prueba de tamizaje. Objetivos: Identificar la utilidad de pGALS como prueba de tamizaje en niños y adolescentes en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, que incluyó niños y adolescentes de 6 a 16 anos sin diagnóstico previo de enfermedad osteomuscular de etiología inflamatoria o autoinmune, a quienes se evaluó con pGALS en sus viviendas y sus colegios durante septiembre y octubre de 2018. Resultados: Se incluyeron 169 pacientes, edad promedio de 9,43 años. Se encontraron alteraciones en pGALS en el 66,85% de los participantes. La respuesta positiva a la primera pregunta de la exploración tuvo una sensibilidad del 91,3%, una especificidad del 53%, una razón de verosimilitud positiva de 1,9 y una razón de verosimilitud negativa de 0,16 para identificar alteraciones en el SME. La respuesta positiva a cualquiera de las tres preguntas tuvo asociación estadísticamente significativa para encontrar pGALS alterado (p = 0,001), sensibilidad 58%, especificidad 94%, razón de verosimilitud positiva de 9,3 y razón de verosimilitud negativa de 0,44. La aceptación de los pacientes de pGALS fue del 95,3%. El tiempo promedio en el que se realizó la prueba fue de 2:27 min. Conclusiones: PGALS es una herramienta de aplicación rápida y fácil, bien tolerada por los pacientes y que permite identificar trastornos del SME en la población pediátrica.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The early identification of disorders of the musculoskeletal system in paediatrics should be of use in their approach and treatment. pGALS (paediatric Gait, Arms, Legs and Spine) is a tool used for evaluation of children with previous musculoskeletal disease. No studies were found in the literature reviewed that used pGALS as a screening test in pGALS Colombia. Objective: To identify the usefulness of pGALS as a screening test in children and adolescents in Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, which included children and adolescents, aged 6 to 16 years without a previous diagnosis of inflammatory or autoimmune skeletomuscular disease, who were evaluated with pGALS in their homes and in their schools during September and October 2018. Results: The study included 169 patients, with a mean age of 9.43years. Changes in pGALS were observed in 66.85% of the participants. The positive response to the first question in the examination had a sensitivity of 91.3%, a specificity of 53%, a positive likelihood ratio of 1.9, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.16 to identify changes in the musculoskeletal system. The positive response to any of the three questions had a statistically significant association to find altered pGALS (P = .001), sensitivity 58%, specificity 94%, positive likelihood ratio of 9.3, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.44. The acceptance by pGALS patients was 95.3%. The mean time to perform the test was 2:27 minutes. Conclusions: PGALS is a quick and easy tool that is well tolerated by patients, and helps in the identification of musculoskeletal system disorders in the paediatric population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Pediatrics , Diagnosis , Musculoskeletal System , Therapeutics , Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Methods
3.
Rev Chil Pediatr ; 91(5): 749-753, 2020 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33399640

ABSTRACT

Introdution: Congenital malaria (CM) is a Plasmodium spp infection acquired in utero or during delivery with nonspecific clinical manifestations. Plasmodium falciparum can cause severe illness in pregnant wo men and newborns. OBJECTIVE: to describe two cases of CM caused by Plasmodium falciparum, di fferential diagnosis of sepsis in newborns of pregnant women who live in or have visited endemic malaria zones. CLINICAL CASES: Female neonates born in a non-endemic malaria area, diagnosed with neonatal sepsis and treated with antibiotics without clinical response. After the first week of life, the peripheral blood smear identified trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum thus the newborns were treated with intravenous quinine, improving their condition. The mothers of the two newborns who had malaria in pregnancy, one of them received treatment and she was asymptomatic, and the other one had severe malaria at the time of delivery. CONCLUSIONS: CM can cause severe neonatal disease with non-specific, sepsis-like clinical manifestations in which early treatment decreases the risk of complicated malaria. It is a differential diagnosis in newborns of women with a history of malaria during pregnancy or pregnant women visiting or living in endemic malaria areas.


Subject(s)
Malaria, Falciparum/congenital , Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis , Neonatal Sepsis/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic , Adolescent , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Malaria, Falciparum/transmission , Neonatal Sepsis/parasitology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/drug therapy , Young Adult
4.
Medicina (Bogotá) ; 40(1(120)): 142-142, Ene-Mar, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-910250

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La alopecia universalis es la pérdida de pelo en todo el cuerpo por destrucción del folículo capilar. En la etiología se describen factores 1. Genéticos como alteración del cro-mosoma 18, haplotipos HLA DQ3, DQ7, DR4 y DR11. 2. Autoinmunes mediados por linfo-citos T CD4+. 3. Asociación con enfermedad poliglandular autoinmune. 4. Factores externos desencadenantes (psicológicos, estrés, etc.) (1).


Subject(s)
Alopecia , Autoimmunity
5.
Medicina (Bogotá) ; 40(1(120)): 146-147, Ene-Mar, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-910256

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune de ini-cio frecuente en la segunda década de la vida. Entre el 20 y el 75% de los niños con LES de-sarrollan nefritis lúpica (NL) (1). Estudios previos muestran variabilidad en la positividad de autoanticuerpos en pacientes con LES con y sin NL. Objetivo: Comparar el perfil inmuno-lógico en LES pediátrico con y sin NL. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles. Recolección de datos con formato único en una consulta de reumatología pediátrica en Cali entre 2012 y 2017. El análisis de los datos se realizó en SPSS 20.


Subject(s)
Lupus Nephritis , Antibodies , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
6.
Medicina (Bogotá) ; 40(1(120)): 153-154, Ene-Mar, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-910263

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo: El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune de inicio frecuente en la adolescencia. Entre el 20 al 75% de estos pacientes desarrollan ne-fritis y 18 a 50% progresan a enfermedad renal terminal. El 90% de la nefritis lúpica (NL) en pediatría se presenta en el primer año posterior al diagnóstico de LES. En el presente estudio se decribe una serie de casos con NL en pacientes menores de 18 años.


Subject(s)
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Lupus Nephritis , Renal Insufficiency
7.
Waste Manag ; 61: 547-557, 2017 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27955907

ABSTRACT

Waste policy is increasingly moving on from the 'prevention of waste' to a 'sustainable materials policy' focused agenda recognising individual wastes as a resource. In order to comparatively analyse policy developments in enhanced waste management, three case studies were selected; San Francisco's Zero Waste Program, Flanders's Sustainable Materials Management Initiative and Japan's Sound Material-Cycle Society Plan. These case studies were chosen as an opportunity to investigate the variety of leading approaches, governance structures, and enhanced waste policy outcomes, emerging globally. This paper concludes that the current transitional state of waste management across the world, is only in the first leg of the journey towards Circular Economy closed loop production models of waste as a resource material. It is suggested that further development in government policy, planning and behaviour change is required. A focus on material policy and incorporating multiple front runners across industry and knowledge institutions are offered as potential directions in the movement away from end-pipe land-fill solutions.


Subject(s)
Conservation of Natural Resources/methods , Waste Management/methods , Belgium , Conservation of Natural Resources/trends , Environmental Policy , Japan , Recycling , San Francisco , Waste Disposal Facilities , Waste Management/legislation & jurisprudence
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