COVID-19 in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients during three years of the pandemic: a multicenter study in Brazil.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at -increased risk for severe COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the burden of COVID-19 in a cohort of HSCT recipients. This retrospective study evaluated a cohort of adult hospitalized HSCT recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 in two large hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil post-HSCT, from January 2020 to June 2022. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Of 49 cases, 63.2% were male with a median age of 47 years. Allogeneic-HSCT (51.2%) and autologous-HSCT (48.9%) patients were included. The median time from HSCT to COVID-19 diagnosis was 398 days (IQR: 1211-134), with 22 (44.8%) cases occurring within 12 months of transplantation. Most cases occurred during the first year of the pandemic, in non-vaccinated patients (n=35; 71.4%). Most patients developed severe (24.4%) or critical (40.8%) disease; 67.3% received some medication for COVID-19, primarily corticosteroids (53.0%). The probable invasive aspergillosis prevalence was 10.2%. All-cause mortality was 40.8%, 51.4% in non-vaccinated patients and 14.2% in patients who received at least one dose of the vaccine. In the multiple regression analyses, the variables mechanical ventilation (OR: 101.01; 95% CI: 8.205 - 1,242.93; p = 0.003) and chest CT involvement at diagnosis ≥50% (OR: 26.61; 95% CI: 1.06 - 664.26; p = 0.04) remained associated with all-cause mortality. Thus, HSCT recipients with COVID-19 experienced high mortality, highlighting the need for full vaccination and infection prevention measures.

Severe combined immunodeficiency diagnosis and genetic defects.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a rare and life-threatening genetic disorder that severely impairs the immune system's ability to defend the body against infections. Often referred to as the "bubble boy" disease, SCID gained widespread recognition due to the case of David Vetter, a young boy who lived in a sterile plastic bubble to protect him from germs. SCID is typically present at birth, and it results from genetic mutations that affect the development and function of immune cells, particularly T cells and B cells. These immune cells are essential for identifying and fighting off infections caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. In SCID patients, the immune system is virtually non-existent, leaving them highly susceptible to recurrent, severe infections. There are several forms of SCID, with varying degrees of severity, but all share common features. Newborns with SCID often exhibit symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, thrush, skin rashes, and persistent infections that do not respond to standard treatments. Without prompt diagnosis and intervention, SCID can lead to life-threatening complications and a high risk of mortality. There are over 20 possible affected genes. Treatment options for SCID primarily involve immune reconstitution, with the most well-known approach being hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Alternatively, gene therapy is also available for some forms of SCID. Once treated successfully, SCID patients can lead relatively normal lives, but they may still require vigilant infection control measures and lifelong medical follow-up to manage potential complications. In conclusion, severe combined immunodeficiency is a rare but life-threatening genetic disorder that severely compromises the immune system's function, rendering affected individuals highly vulnerable to infections. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are fundamental. With this respect, newborn screening is progressively and dramatically improving the prognosis of SCID.

COVID-19 in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients during three years of the pandemic: a multicenter study in Brazil

ABSTRACT Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at -increased risk for severe COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the burden of COVID-19 in a cohort of HSCT recipients. This retrospective study evaluated a cohort of adult hospitalized HSCT recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 in two large hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil post-HSCT, from January 2020 to June 2022. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Of 49 cases, 63.2% were male with a median age of 47 years. Allogeneic-HSCT (51.2%) and autologous-HSCT (48.9%) patients were included. The median time from HSCT to COVID-19 diagnosis was 398 days (IQR: 1211-134), with 22 (44.8%) cases occurring within 12 months of transplantation. Most cases occurred during the first year of the pandemic, in non-vaccinated patients (n=35; 71.4%). Most patients developed severe (24.4%) or critical (40.8%) disease; 67.3% received some medication for COVID-19, primarily corticosteroids (53.0%). The probable invasive aspergillosis prevalence was 10.2%. All-cause mortality was 40.8%, 51.4% in non-vaccinated patients and 14.2% in patients who received at least one dose of the vaccine. In the multiple regression analyses, the variables mechanical ventilation (OR: 101.01; 95% CI: 8.205 - 1,242.93; p = 0.003) and chest CT involvement at diagnosis ≥50% (OR: 26.61; 95% CI: 1.06 - 664.26; p = 0.04) remained associated with all-cause mortality. Thus, HSCT recipients with COVID-19 experienced high mortality, highlighting the need for full vaccination and infection prevention measures.

A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of metacognitive training for older adults with depression (MCT-Silver) in Portugal: study protocol.

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders in later life. Although psychological interventions are recommended by treatment guidelines, most older adults with depression remain untreated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the Portuguese version of Metacognitive Training for Depression in later life (MCT-Silver). Methods: This is a study protocol of an observer-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of MCT-Silver with a treatment as usual (TAU) control group among older adults (age 65 years and older) with depressive symptoms according to the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale. Participants will be tested at three assessment time points (baseline, immediately following the intervention [8 weeks], and 3 months after the intervention). The primary outcome is change in self-rated depression symptoms assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Secondary outcomes include clinician-rated depression, self-esteem, dysfunctional beliefs, metacognitive beliefs, ruminations, attitudes toward aging and quality of life. A self-designed subjective appraisal rating scale consisting of 21-items will be used to assess participant acceptance of MCT-Silver. Discussion: MCT-Silver is an innovative intervention, which aims to reduce dysfunctional thoughts as well as depression-related behaviors and coping strategies through the metacognitive perspective. Until now, the training has only been tested in Germany. It is expected that after 8 weeks of treatment and 3 months later, the experimental group will demonstrate significant reductions in depressive symptoms, metacognitive beliefs, dysfunctional attitudes and ruminative responses compared to the TAU group. Moreover, quality of life, self-esteem, and attitudes towards aging will be significantly improved in MCT-Silver compared to the TAU group. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05640492.

Depression in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Depression affected 5.7% of people aged 60 years and over prior to the pandemic and has increased by approximately 28%. The aim of this study is to identify and describe factors associated with depressive symptoms, the diagnostic assessment instruments and interventions used to evaluate and treat depression in adults aged 60 years and older since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Four electronic databases were systematically searched to identify eligible studies published since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 832 articles were screened, of which 53 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Factors contributing to depressive symptoms in older adults prior to the pandemic were grouped into the following categories: sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., being female); loneliness and weak social support; limitations in daily functioning, physical activity and neurocognitive impairment; and clinical factors. The following groups of factors directly related to the pandemic were found: stress-related factors and feelings or worries related to the pandemic; information access (e.g., receiving news about COVID-19 through the media); factors directly related to COVID-19 (e.g., having infected acquaintances); and factors related to the measures that were taken to reduce the spread of COVID-19 (e.g., confinement measures). The most frequently used instrument to assess depressive symptoms was the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF). Four studies implemented interventions during the pandemic that led to significant reductions in depressive symptoms and feelings of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS: Improved understanding of pandemic-associated risk factors for depression can inform person-cantered care. It is important continued mental healthcare for depression for older adults throughout crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Remote delivery of mental healthcare represents an important alternative during such times. It is crucial to address depression in older adults (which often causes disability), since the pandemic situation has increased depressive symptoms in this population.

Depression in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Depression is a common mental disorder and is a major cause of years lived with disability. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the prevalence of depression worldwide. Our aim is to identify and synthesise the determinants of depression, the diagnostic assessment tools used to evaluate depression, and the interventions carried out since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the population aged 60 and older. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic review of the literature will be conducted. The following databases will be searched: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MedicLatina, MEDLINE with Full Text, and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection. The search strategy will include the following Medical Subject Headings or similar terms: "Depression", "Depressive Disorder", "Depressive Symptoms", "Older Adults", "Aging", "Elderly", Pandemic" and "COVID-19". Two independent reviewers will ascertain whether the resulting articles meet inclusion and exclusion criteria, and perform the analysis of data quality. Disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. All studies reported between December 2019 and March 2022 meeting the following criteria will be included: studies in adults aged 60 and over, and articles written in English, Portuguese, Spanish or German. Information on determinants of depression, assessment instruments used to assess depressive symptoms and/or interventions to decrease depression are reported. Studies will not be excluded based on geographical area study context (eg, community, culture or specific environment). All studies related to diagnostic assessment, care planning and/or intervention strategies specifically for older adults with depression will be included. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As only secondary data will be analysed, no ethical approval is required for this study. This scientific article is a systematic review protocol for which data have not yet been extracted or analysed. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022299775.

Intersectoral Actions for the Promotion and Prevention of Obesity, Diabetes and Hypertension in Brazilian Cities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study showed the effectiveness of biomedical interventions in obesity, diabetes and hypertension (NCDs), but innovative and intersectoral elements in the fight against obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension were rare. BACKGROUND: Is it possible to find effective and innovative actions to promote health and prevent NCDs in Brazilian municipalities? Can they be replicated? OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to identify innovative and effective intersectoral actions for promoting and preventing NCDs in Brazilian municipalities. METHODS: This is a systematic review in an exploratory theoretical essay with a qualitative and quantitative approach. It is descriptive and analytical in terms of reporting findings and results. Inclusion and exclusion criteria favored health promotion work. Bias risk assessments was performed using the Cochrane GRADE and bias risk, with meta-analyses using RevMan and Iramuteq. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of biometric markers resulted in -4.46 [95% IC; -5.42, -3.49], p = 0.00001, indicating a reduction in NCD risk rates. The textual meta-analysis revealed P(r) ≈ 83% (Reinert), meaning low connectivity between the 'halos'. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of the effectiveness in interventions, but innovative and intersectoral elements to combat and prevent NCDs were barely seen. While evidence of intervention effectiveness was observed, innovative and intersectoral elements to combat and prevent NCDs were barely noticed.

Oocyte Retrieval in Asymptomatic Patients Positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Objective: To report two cases of oocyte retrieval performed in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Design: Case report. Setting. Outpatient private practice infertility center. Patients. A 28-year-old woman at risk for OHSS who took her trigger injection prior to testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and a 19-year-old oncofertility patient who tested positive prior to retrieval due to a family exposure. Both patients were asymptomatic. Main Outcome Measures. Cycle outcomes, patient safety, and staff safety. Results: Both patients underwent successful oocyte retrieval procedures without developing symptoms or complications from COVID-19. No staff members that cared for these patients developed symptoms of COVID-19. Conclusion: Worsening fertility outcomes and potential for psychological and financial burdens to the patient must be balanced with risk of perioperative complications in patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. As we continue to provide fertility care in a world with COVID-19, appropriate risk mitigation strategies should be implemented to minimize exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

Late recurrence of Burkitt's lymphoma in the jaw: numb chin syndrome as the only symptom.

The Numb Chin Syndrome (NCS) is defined as facial and oral numbness restricted to the mental nerve's distribution involving the lower lip, skin of the chin, or gingiva of the lower anterior teeth. Hypoesthesia can occur unilaterally or bilaterally. Although this syndrome is rare, its importance is related to the fact that it represents the clinical manifestations of malignant diseases. Breast cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma are the most common cause of NCS. The patient, a 58-year-old woman, treated for a Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) nine years ago, described a two-week history of change in sensitivity and pain in the chin region, without relief with the use of analgesics. She had no headache, speech disturbance, dysphagia, visual disturbance, or other neurological symptoms. No surgical intervention has been performed recently. The intraoral examination revealed a healthy oral mucosa and a small area adjacent to the right mental nerve region that was uncomfortable to palpation. No changes were found in the bone trabeculae at cone-beam computed tomography. The contrasted magnetic resonance features made it possible to identify a change in the mandibular body extending to the entire right side, coinciding with the patient's complaint, indicating a probable mandibular medullary invasion. The patient was submitted to a biopsy to rule out a possible recurrence of BL. The microscopic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of BL. The present report described a very unusual presentation of late recurrent BL nine years after the first treatment, which manifested as an NCS.

Late recurrence of Burkitt's lymphoma in the jaw: numb chin syndrome as the only symptom

The Numb Chin Syndrome (NCS) is defined as facial and oral numbness restricted to the mental nerve's distribution involving the lower lip, skin of the chin, or gingiva of the lower anterior teeth. Hypoesthesia can occur unilaterally or bilaterally. Although this syndrome is rare, its importance is related to the fact that it represents the clinical manifestations of malignant diseases. Breast cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma are the most common cause of NCS. The patient, a 58-year-old woman, treated for a Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) nine years ago, described a two-week history of change in sensitivity and pain in the chin region, without relief with the use of analgesics. She had no headache, speech disturbance, dysphagia, visual disturbance, or other neurological symptoms. No surgical intervention has been performed recently. The intraoral examination revealed a healthy oral mucosa and a small area adjacent to the right mental nerve region that was uncomfortable to palpation. No changes were found in the bone trabeculae at cone-beam computed tomography. The contrasted magnetic resonance features made it possible to identify a change in the mandibular body extending to the entire right side, coinciding with the patient's complaint, indicating a probable mandibular medullary invasion. The patient was submitted to a biopsy to rule out a possible recurrence of BL. The microscopic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of BL. The present report described a very unusual presentation of late recurrent BL nine years after the first treatment, which manifested as an NCS.

Pandemia: vivências de médicos da atenção primária à saúde e de mestrandos em Saúde da Família / Pandemic: experiences of primary health care doctors and master's degree students in family health

Resumo: Introdução: A Covid-19 trouxe uma série de desafios para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Na atenção primária à saúde (APS), tais desafios se somam aos já existentes. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a vivência de enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19 entre médicos do Programa Mais Médicos Brasil, mestrandos em Saúde da Família e atuantes na APS. Método: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo envolvendo oito médicos da APS de Alagoas que cursam o Mestrado Profissional em Saúde da Família (PROFSAÚDE). Foram elaboradas cinco questões, cujas respostas foram analisadas com base na teoria de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultado: Observaram-se três categorias e quatro subcategorias: categoria 1 - "Processo de estudo e de trabalho" (subcategoria 1.1 - "Características do PROFSAÚDE" - e subcategoria 1.2 - "Estratégias pessoais desenvolvidas"), categoria 2 - "Desafios no gerenciamento da vida" (subcategoria 2.1 - "Mudanças no cotidiano" - e subcategoria 2.2 - "Impacto nas emoções") e categoria 3 - "Crescimento pessoal e profissional". Conclusão: Em tempos de pandemia, os profissionais médicos vivenciam situações complexas e dinâmicas em razão de um duplo e acumulativo processo - o trabalho na APS e a condição de mestrando. Apesar de todas as dificuldades enfrentadas, o mestrado possibilitou o aprimoramento das habilidades em lidar com situações críticas.

Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 has brought numerous challenges for the Health System in Brazil. In Primary Health Care, these challenges add to those that already exist. Objective: To analyze the experience of facing the COVID-19 pandemic among doctors of the Mais Médicos Brasil Program and master's degree students in Family Health and those working in Primary Health Care. Methods: Qualitative study involving eight doctors from Primary Health Care in Alagoas who are also studying the professional master's degree in Family Health (PROFSAÚDE). Five questions were developed, the answers to which were analyzed based on Content Analysis theory. Results: Three categories and four subcategories were observed: Category 1 - Study and work process (Subcategory 1.1- Characteristics of PROFSAÚDE; Subcategory 1.2 - Personal strategies developed); Category 2 - Challenges in Life Management (Subcategory 2.1 - Changes in daily life; Subcategory 2.2 - Impact on emotions) and Category 3 - Personal and Professional Growth. Conclusion: During the pandemic, medical professionals experience complex and dynamic situations due to a dual and cumulative process - working in PHC and studying for their master's degree. Despite all the difficulties faced, the master's degree allowed them to improve skills in dealing with critical situations.

Update on the approach to smoking in patients with respiratory diseases.

Smoking is the leading cause of respiratory disease (RD). The harmful effects of smoking on the respiratory system begin in utero and influence immune responses throughout childhood and adult life. In comparison with "healthy" smokers, smokers with RD have peculiarities that can impede smoking cessation, such as a higher level of nicotine dependence; nicotine withdrawal; higher levels of exhaled carbon monoxide; low motivation and low self-efficacy; greater concern about weight gain; and a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. In addition, they require more intensive, prolonged treatment. It is always necessary to educate such individuals about the fact that quitting smoking is the only measure that will reduce the progression of RD and improve their quality of life, regardless of the duration and severity of the disease. Physicians should always offer smoking cessation treatment. Outpatient or inpatient smoking cessation treatment should be multidisciplinary, based on behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy. It will thus be more effective and cost-effective, doubling the chances of success.

Update on the approach to smoking in patients with respiratory diseases / Atualização na abordagem do tabagismo em pacientes com doenças respiratórias

ABSTRACT Smoking is the leading cause of respiratory disease (RD). The harmful effects of smoking on the respiratory system begin in utero and influence immune responses throughout childhood and adult life. In comparison with "healthy" smokers, smokers with RD have peculiarities that can impede smoking cessation, such as a higher level of nicotine dependence; nicotine withdrawal; higher levels of exhaled carbon monoxide; low motivation and low self-efficacy; greater concern about weight gain; and a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. In addition, they require more intensive, prolonged treatment. It is always necessary to educate such individuals about the fact that quitting smoking is the only measure that will reduce the progression of RD and improve their quality of life, regardless of the duration and severity of the disease. Physicians should always offer smoking cessation treatment. Outpatient or inpatient smoking cessation treatment should be multidisciplinary, based on behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy. It will thus be more effective and cost-effective, doubling the chances of success.

RESUMO O tabagismo é o maior responsável pelas doenças respiratórias (DR). Os efeitos nocivos do tabaco sobre o aparelho respiratório se iniciam ainda intraútero e influenciam as respostas imunológicas ao longo da infância e vida adulta. Os tabagistas com DR possuem peculiaridades que podem dificultar a cessação tabágica, tais como maior grau de dependência e de abstinência de nicotina; níveis mais elevados de monóxido de carbono exalado; motivação e autoeficácia baixas; maior preocupação com ganho ponderal; e elevada prevalência de ansiedade e depressão. Além disso, requerem tratamento mais intensivo e prolongado. É necessário esclarecer sempre o paciente sobre o fato de que parar de fumar será a única medida que irá reduzir a progressão das DR e melhorar sua qualidade de vida, independentemente do tempo e da gravidade da doença. Os médicos devem sempre oferecer o tratamento de cessação tabágica. O tratamento ambulatorial ou hospitalar deve ser multidisciplinar, baseado em intervenções comportamentais e farmacoterapia, sendo eficaz e custo-efetivo, dobrando as chances de sucesso.

A meta-analysis of the supracondylar process of the humerus with clinical and surgical applications to orthopedics / Metaanálisis del proceso supracondíleo del húmero con aplicaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas para ortopedia

SUMMARY: The supracondylar process is a hook shaped projection of the humerus. It is located superior to its medial epicondyle. This anatomic variation is often presented together with the Struther's ligament, a fibrous arcade that connects the supracondylar process to the medial epicondyle. Both structures have been associated with neurovascular bundle compression on the distal third of the arm, as the median and ulnar nerves and the brachial and ulnar arteries may pass through the osteofibrous canal that these variants create. The SciElo, Pubmed, Scopus, TRIP, MEDLINE, COCHRANE and ScienceDirect databases were searched with the term "supracondylar process" or "supracondyloid process" with the purpose of performing a meta-analysis of this bony spur. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using I2 estimation and the Cochran Q statistic test. A random effect model was used for all analysis. A total of twenty articles (26.415 humeri) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of the supracondylar process was 0.68 % (95 % Confidence Interval: 0.47 % to 0.92 %). This variant was more commonly found in women than in men (statistically significant difference) and more commonly found on the left side than the right. The presence of the supracondylar process alone may induce neurovascular bundle compression. It can also be injured in traumatic or stress fractures. Knowledge of this variation and its prevalence may reduce misdiagnosis in radiographic images.

RESUMEN: El proceso supracondíleo es una proyección en forma de gancho del húmero. Se encuentra superior a su epicóndilo medial. Esta variación anatómica a menudo se presenta junto con el ligamento de Struther, una arcada fibrosa que conecta el proceso supracondíleo con el epicóndilo medial. Ambas estructuras se han asociado con la compresión del paquete neurovascular en el tercio distal del brazo, ya que los nervios mediano y ulnar y las arterias braquial y ulnar pueden pasar a través del canal osteofibroso que crean estas variantes. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos SciElo, Pubmed, Scopus, TRIP, MEDLINE, COCHRANE y ScienceDirect con el término "proceso supracondíleo" o "proceso supracondiloide" con el objetivo de realizar un metanálisis de este espolón óseo. La heterogeneidad entre los estudios se evaluó mediante la estimación I2 y la prueba estadística Cochran Q. Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios para todos los análisis. Un total de veinte artículos (26.415 húmeros) se incluyeron en este metanálisis. La prevalencia combinada del proceso supracondíleo fue del 0,68 % (intervalo de confianza del 95 %: 0,47 % a 0,92 %). Esta variante se encontró más comúnmente en mujeres que en hombres (diferencia estadísticamente significativa) y se encuentra más comúnmente en el lado izquierdo que en el derecho. La presencia del proceso supracondíleo solo puede inducir la compresión del paquete neurovascular. También puede lesionarse en fracturas traumáticas o por estrés. El conocimiento de esta variación y su prevalencia puede reducir el diagnóstico erróneo en imágenes radiográficas.

Inborn-like errors of metabolism are determinants of breast cancer risk, clinical response and survival: a study of human biochemical individuality.

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide yet methods for early detection remain elusive. We describe the discovery and validation of biochemical signatures measured by mass spectrometry, performed upon blood samples from patients and controls that accurately identify (>95%) the presence of clinical breast cancer. Targeted quantitative MS/MS conducted upon 1225 individuals, including patients with breast and other cancers, normal controls as well as individuals with a variety of metabolic disorders provide a biochemical phenotype that accurately identifies the presence of breast cancer and predicts response and survival following the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The metabolic changes identified are consistent with inborn-like errors of metabolism and define a continuum from normal controls to elevated risk to invasive breast cancer. Similar results were observed in other adenocarcinomas but were not found in squamous cell cancers or hematologic neoplasms. The findings describe a new early detection platform for breast cancer and support a role for pre-existing, inborn-like errors of metabolism in the process of breast carcinogenesis that may also extend to other glandular malignancies. Statement of Significance: Findings provide a powerful tool for early detection and the assessment of prognosis in breast cancer and define a novel concept of breast carcinogenesis that characterizes malignant transformation as the clinical manifestation of underlying metabolic insufficiencies.

(Con) viver com a loucura: por um cuidado extramuros / (Co) existing with the madness: for a care outside the walls / (Con) vivir con la locura: Por un cuidado extramuros

O presente texto pretende refletir sobre o dispositivo do Centro de Convivência como uma ferramenta de empoderamento, de auxílio na construção de maior autonomia e promoção da cidadania da pessoa em sofrimento mental. Procura-se pensar a contribuição desse serviço para a efetivação da dimensão sociocultural da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira, auxiliando na inserção social do louco, a partir do fomento de atividades laborativas e artísticas e da articulação com diversos setores da sociedade. Assim, por meio da revisão de literatura de legislações sobre o tema, artigos científicos e textos de Conferências e Fóruns da Saúde Mental, busca-se analisar os desafios postos a esse serviço da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial frente a discursos e práticas homogeneizantes em nossa sociedade. Desse modo, verifica-se que, mesmo após grandes avanços da luta antimanicomial para a sensibilização da sociedade sobre a loucura, ainda persiste um imaginário social intolerante à diferença, ao louco. (AU)

The present article intends to reflect how the health mechanism of the Center of Coexistence can be a tool of empowerment, of help in the construction of greater autonomy and promotion of citizenship of the people in mental suffering. It is sought to think about the contribution of this service to the effectiveness at the socio-cultural dimension of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, contributing to the social insertion of the people in mental suffering, through the promotion of work and artistic activities and the articulation with various sectors of society. Thus, through the literature review of scientific articles and texts of Mental Health Conferences and Forums we seek to analyze the challenges imposed to this service of Primary Health Care, which works as an open and community space, face to speeches and practices homogenizers in our society. In this way, it is verified that even after great advances of the antimanicomial fight for the awareness of the society on the madness, still persists a social imaginary which is intolerant to the difference, to the madman. (AU)

El presente trabajo se propone reflexionar sobre el dispositivo del Centro de Convivencia como una herramienta de empoderamiento, de ayuda en la construcción de mayor autonomía y promoción de la ciudadanía de la persona en sufrimiento mental. Así, se busca pensar la contribución de ese servicio para la efectividad de la dimensión sociocultural de la Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileña, ayudando en la inserción social del loco, a partir del fomento de actividades laborativas y artísticas y de la articulación con diversos sectores de la sociedad. Por lo tanto, por medio de la revisión de literatura de legislaciones sobre el tema, artículos científicos y textos de Conferencias y Foros de la Salud Mental, se busca analizar los desafíos puestos a ese servicio de la Red de Atención Psicosocial frente a discursos y prácticas homogeneizantes en nuestra sociedad. De ese modo, se verifica que, incluso después de grandes avances de la lucha antimanicomial para la sensibilización de la sociedad sobre la locura, todavía persiste un imaginario social intolerante a la diferencia, al loco. (AU)

IVTH BRAZILIAN CONSENSUS CONFERENCE ON HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION.

Significant progress has been obtained since the III Brazilian Consensus Conference on H. pylori infection held in 2012, in Bento Gonçalves, Brazil, and justify a fourth meeting to establish updated guidelines on the current management of H. pylori infection. Therefore, the Núcleo Brasileiro para Estudo do Helicobacter pylori e Microbiota (NBEHPM), association linked to Brazilian Federation of Gastroenterology (FBG) held its fourth meeting again in Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil, on August 25-27, 2017. Twenty-six delegates, including gastroenterologists, endoscopists, and pathologists from the five regions of Brazil as well as one international guest from the United States, participated in the meeting. The participants were invited based on their knowledge and contribution to the study of H. pylori infection. The meeting sought to review different aspects of treatment for infection; establish a correlation between infection, dyspepsia, intestinal microbiota changes, and other disorders with a special emphasis on gastric cancer; and reassess the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of H. pylori infection. Participants were allocated into four groups as follows: 1) Epidemiology and Diagnosis, 2) Dyspepsia, intestinal microbiota and other afections, 3) Gastric Cancer, and, 4) Treatment. Before the consensus meeting, participants received a topic to be discussed and prepared a document containing a recent literature review and statements that should be discussed and eventually modified during the face-to-face meeting. All statements were evaluated in two rounds of voting. Initially, each participant discussed the document and statements with his group for possible modifications and voting. Subsequently, during a second voting in a plenary session in the presence of all participants, the statements were voted upon and eventually modified. The participants could vote using five alternatives: 1) strongly agree; 2) partially agree; 3) undecided; 4) disagree; and 5) strongly disagree. The adopted consensus index was that 80% of the participants responded that they strongly or partially agreed with each statement. The recommendations reported are intended to provide the most current and relevant evidences to management of H. pylori infection in adult population in Brazil.

Osteíte condensante de clavícula / Condensing osteitis of the clavicle

Relata-se nesse trabalho um caso de osteíte condensante de clavícula em uma mulher de 28 anos, com historia de estresse articular constante e intenso pela pratica esportiva de treinamento de força, sem referência a traumas nessa topografia. Os exames laboratoriais e de imagem não confirmam outros diagnósticos diferenciais.

This paper reports a case of condensing osteitis of the clavicle in a woman of 28 years, with constant articular stress and intense practice of sports, without reference to trauma in this topography. Laboratory and imaging tests do not confirm other differential diagnoses.

Elastic suture (shoelace technique) for fasciotomy closure after treatment of compartmental syndrome associated to tibial fracture.

This article reports the use of elastic suture as an adjuvant in surgical wound closure caused by decompressive fasciotomy after compartment syndrome associated with a compound fracture of the tibia. Widely used in other medico-surgical specialties, this technique is unusual in orthopedics surgery, but the simplicity of the procedure and the successful outcome observed in this case allows for its consideration as indicated for situations similar to that presented in this study.

Relata-se neste trabalho o uso da sutura elástica como adjuvante no fechamento de ferida cirúrgica provocada por fasciotomia descompressiva após síndrome do compartimento associada a fratura exposta de tíbia. Muito usada em outras especialidades médico-cirúrgicas, a técnica não é habitual em ortopedia; entretanto, a simplicidade do procedimento e o resultado satisfatório observado neste caso permite reputá-la como indicada para situações similares à apresentada neste trabalho.