Effect of Acute and Chronic Aerobic Exercise on Immunological Markers: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The effects of aerobic exercise on the immune system are not yet fully defined in the scientific literature. This fact demonstrates the need to investigate its influence on existing immunological markers by classifying and quantifying their acute and chronic effects. Objective: To investigate the effects of acute and chronic aerobic exercise on inflammatory markers of healthy adults. Methods: This study is a systematic review according to PRISMA recommendations. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Bireme and Cochrane Library, and article references. The last search was performed in March 2019. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) investigating the acute and chronic effects of aerobic exercise on immune markers in healthy male and female adults aged 20 to 45 years, without restrictions in language or year of publication. Two authors independently analyzed the studies by reading the titles, abstracts, and full texts. Risk of Study bias was analyzed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool. Outcomes: We included 15 studies in this systematic review, 13 of which were acute intervention and 2 were chronic, with 296 participants, 196 men and 100 women all being healthy individuals. It was observed that the acute intervention promotes changes in most immunological markers, while the chronic intervention interferes with a smaller proportion, this being in lymphocyte subpopulations. In the evaluation of quality, it was found that most studies did not present a high risk of bias in the evaluated aspects, but an unclear related risk of bias was observed, requiring a more careful analysis. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that the evidence indicates that acute and chronic interventions may modify most immune markers, but aspects such as gender, contraceptive pill use in women, physical capacity of the investigated individuals, environment, and type and intensity of the exercises may interfere with these markers as well as the data analysis. Therefore, this review suggests that further research is needed to contribute to the confirmation and estimation of results.

Immunohistochemical expression of p16, Ki-67 and p53 in cervical lesions - A systematic review.

This study evaluated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p16, p53 and Ki-67 in precancerous lesions and in cervical cancer (CC). Identification and review of publications assessing IHC expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and CC until February 15, 2017. Systematic review of studies in women with and without cervical lesions in order to evaluate whether there is overexpression of these biomarkers. A total of 28 publications met the criteria which included 6005 patients. The analysis showed that there is higher IHC expression of these biomarkers associated with the more severe lesions. Nineteen out of 22 evaluated studies have shown that there is a higher p16 expression in more severe lesions (CC), while in p53 expression only 4 out of the 9 studies showed a higher expression among more severe cases. Regarding the Ki-67 expression, it was observed that 9 out of 14 studies showed higher expression in more severe lesions. A complete absence of or just minimal IHC expression was observed in the normal cervical epithelium, whilst a significant increase in the expression of these biomarkers was detected according to the severity of lesions. Results suggest that these biomarkers can be considered useful tools for discriminating between the stages of the progressive cervical disease.

Perfil nutricional de idosos portadores de Alzheimer atendidos em home care / Nutritional profile of elderly with Alzheimer in-home health care

A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma doença cerebral degenerativa que atinge normalmente a população idosa e que provoca declínio cognitivo. Pacientes acometidos por essa doença tendem a sofrer de disfagia, podendo surgir deficiências nutricionais, com consequente perda de peso, o que dificulta o tratamento de modo geral. Diante desse fato, o principal objetivo deste artigo é avaliar os resultados da interferência da nutrição em pacientes portadores de DA. Foram analisados parâmetros antropométricos, dietéticos e bioquímicos em ambos os sexos. Com base nos resultados apresentados no que diz respeito ao sexo, obteve-se uma média de idade de 84 anos entre os sexos, com maior prevalência no gênero feminino, totalizando 73% do total da amostra de 51 participantes. Na análise do inquérito alimentar, o consumo médio de energia e de macronutrientes dos idosos do sexo masculino foi de 1247,88 kcal, distribuídos 128,62g de carboidratos, 44,80g de proteínas e 20,66g de lipídeos, enquanto no sexo feminino foi de 1229,01 kcal, distribuídos em 137,61g de carboidratos, 44,58g de proteínas e 23,12g de lipídeos. Portanto, conclui-se que é fundamental a atuação de uma equipe interdisciplinar para a integração de conhecimento de várias áreas, com o objetivo comum de promoção e reabilitação da saúde dos idosos.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease that usually strikes the elderly and causes cognitive decline. Patients affected by this disease tend to suffer from dysphagia, and there may be nutritional deficiencies, with consequent weight loss, wich difficult the treament in general. Given this fact, the main purpose of this article is to evaluate the results of the interference of nutrition in patients with AD. Anthropometric, dietary and biochemical parameters in both sexes were analyzed. Based on the results presented in relation to sex, there was obtained a mean age of 84 years between the sexes, with a higher prevalence in females, totaling 73% of the total sample of 51 participants. In the food survey analysis, the average intake of energy and macronutrients of elderly men was 1247,88 kcal, distributed 128,62g of carbohydrates, 44,80g of proteins and 20,66g of lipids, while the female sex was of 1229,01 kcal, distributed in 137,61g of carbohydrates, 44,58g of proteins and 23,12 of lipids. Therefore, it is concluded that it is essential the work of an interdisciplinary team to integrate knowledge from different areas, with the common goal of promotion and health rehabilitation of the elderly.

Avaliação da sensibilidade da citopatologia através de estudo comparativo com a colposcopia emportadoras de lesões cervicais induzidaspelo papilomavírus humano / Sensitivity evaluation of cytopathology by comparative study with colposcopy ininduced cervical lesion porters through human papillomavirus

O cancer cervical e o segundo mais comum entre mulheres no mundo e apresenta altas taxas de mortalidade feminina, tendo sido demonstrado o envolvimento do Papilomavirus humano (HPV) em 99,7% dos tumores cervicais. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivovisando avaliar a sensibilidade da citopatologia para lesoes cervicais associadas ao HPV, atraves de analise comparativa com a colposcopia, em mulheres atendidas em Clinica Privada da cidade de Natal – RN, no periodo de 2004 a 2007. Analisou-se 504 laudoscitopatologicos e colposcopicos. Os resultados demonstraram prevalencia da papilomavirose em 4,96% dos casos, para os dois metodos, na faixa etaria acima de 36 anos. Na citopatologia foi evidenciada associacao da virose com metaplasia escamosa (28%), lesoesintra-epiteliais de baixo grau – LSIL (4,37%), lesoes intra-epiteliais de alto grau - HSIL (0,60%) e atipias de significado indeterminado em celulas escamosas - ASC-US (0,40%). Quando comparados, os resultados apresentaram-se concordantes em 80% dos casos e discordantes em 20%. Conclui-se que a citopatologia apresentou alta sensibilidade para rastreamento das lesoes cervicais associadas ao HPV na clientela estudada.

Cervical cancer is the second most common type in women around the world, present high rate of feminine mortality, had been demonstrated an involvement of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in 99,7% of cervical lesions. It was made a retrospective study focusing on sensitivity evaluation of cytopathology in cervical lesions with HPV association, through comparative analysis with colposcopy, in women patients of a Private Clinic at Natal – RN, from April 2004 to April 2007. 504 cytopathological and colposcopicalexams were analysed. The results shaw 4,96% of papillomavirus prevalence for both methods, mainly in patients older than 36 years. In cytopathology was evidenced events associated to squamous metaplasy (28%), Low-grade aquamous intraepithelial lesion –LSIL (4,37%), High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion - HSIL (0,60%) and Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance - ASC-US (0,40%). According the results, it was verified that 80% of cases were coincidents for cervical lesions by HPV with 20% of divergence. The present study concluded that cytopathology presented high sensitivity for cervical lesions associated to HPV investigationin studied customers.