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1.
Plant Biol (Stuttg) ; 17(5): 1023-9, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25865670

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the capacity of Jatropha curcas to physiologically adjust to salinity. Seedlings were exposed to increasing NaCl concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 mm) for 15 days. Treatment without NaCl was adopted as control. Shoot dry weight was strongly reduced by NaCl, reaching values of 35% to 65% with 25 to 100 mm NaCl. The shoot/root ratio was only affected with 100 mm NaCl. Relative water content (RWC) increased only with 100 mm NaCl, while electrolyte leakage (EL) was much enhanced with 50 mm NaCl. The Na(+) transport rate to the shoot was more affected with 50 and 100 mm NaCl. In parallel, Cl(-) transport rate increased with 75 and 100 mm NaCl, while K(+) transport rate fell from 50 mm to 100 mm NaCl. In roots, Na(+) and Cl(-) transport rates fell slightly only in 50 mm (to Na(+)) and 50 and 100 mm (to Cl(-)) NaCl, while K(+) transport rate fell significantly with increasing NaCl. In general, our data demonstrate that J. curcas seedlings present changes in key physiological processes that allow this species to adjust to salinity. These responses are related to accumulation of Na(+) and Cl(-) in leaves and roots, K(+)/Na(+) homeostasis, transport of K(+) and selectivity (K-Na) in roots, and accumulation of organic solutes contributing to osmotic adjustment of the species.


Subject(s)
Chlorides/metabolism , Jatropha/physiology , Potassium/metabolism , Sodium Chloride/metabolism , Stress, Physiological , Biological Transport , Biomass , Chlorophyll/metabolism , Homeostasis , Jatropha/drug effects , Osmotic Pressure , Plant Leaves/drug effects , Plant Leaves/physiology , Plant Roots/drug effects , Plant Roots/physiology , Plant Shoots/drug effects , Plant Shoots/physiology , Salinity , Salt Tolerance , Seedlings/drug effects , Seedlings/physiology , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Water/metabolism
2.
Parasitology ; 139(1): 26-36, 2012 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21939585

ABSTRACT

Chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, represents a serious health problem in Latin America, and the available chemotherapy, which is based on 2 nitro-derivatives, is not satisfactory. In folk medicine, natural products including naphthoquinones have been employed for the treatment of different parasitic diseases. In the pursuit of alternative drugs for Chagas' disease, we investigated the mechanism of action of the triazolic naphthoquinone (TN; 2,2-dimethyl-3-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione), which is the most active compound against T. cruzi trypomastigotes among a series of naphthofuranquinones. TN was active against the 3 parasite forms producing a dose-dependent inhibitory effect. In epimastigotes, TN induced reservosome disruption, flagellar blebbing, Golgi disorganization, the presence of cytosolic concentric membrane structures and abnormal multiflagellar parasites. The treatment also led to the appearance of well-developed endoplasmic reticulum profiles surrounding organelles that associated with an increase in monodansylcadaverine labelling, suggesting autophagy as part of the TN mechanism of action. Interestingly, no ultrastructural damage was detected in the mitochondria of naphthoquinone-treated epimastigotes. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated an impairment of mitosis, an increase in ROS production and the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential. TN could be a good starting point in the investigation of a chemotherapeutic approach for the treatment of Chagas' disease.


Subject(s)
Naphthoquinones/pharmacology , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Animals , Autophagy/drug effects , Flow Cytometry , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects , Mice , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Mitosis/drug effects , Organelles/drug effects
3.
Obes Surg ; 22(2): 266-70, 2012 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22139831

ABSTRACT

With the high prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities, the costs of health services produce a great economic impact. The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic benefits of bariatric surgery and to relate the costs to the impact on the health of the individual. A historic cohort study was conducted, with review of medical charts of 194 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study. The costs for medications, professional care, and examinations in the pre- and postoperative periods were analyzed, taking into consideration the comorbidities DM2, SAH, and dyslipidemia. The study demonstrated a reduction in the medical costs in the course of the postoperative period, in relation to expenses for medications, professional care, and examinations in the preoperative period. Comparing the preoperative expenses with different times in the postoperative period, a statistically significant difference was seen at all time evaluated (p < 0.001). The resolution of comorbidities was higher than 95% at 36 months after surgery. No statistically significant difference was seen with respect to the prevalence of comorbidities between the sexes in the pre- and postoperative periods (p > 0.05). With regard to age, younger patients showed lower rates of comorbidities in the pre- and postoperative periods (p < 0.001). The costs of the surgery are high, but the expenditures for medications, professional care, and examinations decrease progressively after the operation, where this is more evident in patients with more associated comorbidities.


Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery/economics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/economics , Dyslipidemias/economics , Health Care Costs , Hospitalization/economics , Hypertension/economics , Obesity, Morbid/economics , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Comorbidity , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Female , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Male , Obesity, Morbid/epidemiology , Obesity, Morbid/surgery
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 61(5): 1196-1202, out. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-532033

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se o comportamento da Salmonella Enteritidis quando em contato com a superfície de ovos de consumo, classificados de acordo com a qualidade da casca ou com tratamentos (lavados ou não), usando fezes de aves como veículo de contaminação, e armazenados a 8ºC e 70 por cento de umidade relativa ou a 30ºC e 90 por cento de umidade relativa. A 8ºC, o microrganismo permaneceu viável na superfície dos ovos, ao longo do tempo, enquanto a 30ºC foi possível identificar a sua inibição e até sua eliminação da superfície. A contaminação do conteúdo de ovos com defeito de casca foi mais frequente quando os ovos foram submetidos a temperaturas inadequadas de armazenagem (30ºC).


Salmonella Enteriditis behavior was studied when present on the surface of consume eggs, classified according to the shell quality or treatments (washed or not). Stools of fowls were used as a vehicle for contamination. The eggs were stored at 8ºC and 70 percent relative humidity or at 30ºC and 90 percent of relative humidity. At 8ºC, the microorganism stayed viable on the surface of the eggs throughout the study, while at 30ºC it was inhibited and eliminated from the egg shell. The contamination of content of the eggs with shell defect was more frequent when they were submitted to inappropriate temperatures of storage (30ºC).


Subject(s)
Egg Shell/microbiology , Eggs/microbiology , Salmonella enteritidis/isolation & purification , Egg Shell/abnormalities , Salmonella Infections/diagnosis
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 61(1): 128-134, fev. 2009. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513033

ABSTRACT

The behavior of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli in albumen and yolk of chicken eggs submitted to two different temperatures, 8ºC and 30ºC, when separately inoculated or in the form of mixed cultures was studied. There was no difference in the behaviour of the tested agents even when inoculated together. Even under high temperature, E. coli did not multiply in the albumen, demonstrating the inhibition power for that microorganism, while SE increased its population up to three logarithmic cycles. In egg yolk, SE demonstrated psychrotrophic characteristics.


Avaliou-se o comportamento de Salmonella enteritidis (SE) e Escherichia coli em albúmen e gema de ovos de galinha, submetidos a duas diferentes temperaturas, 8 e 30ºC, quando inoculadas isoladamente ou na forma de culturas mistas. Não houve diferença no comportamento dos agentes testados mesmo quando inoculadas em conjunto. Mesmo sob temperatura alta, E. coli não se multiplicou no albúmen, demonstrando o poder inibidor de seus constituintes para esse microrganismo, enquanto a SE aumentou sua população em até três ciclos logarítmicos. Em gema de ovo, SE demonstrou características psicrotróficas.


Subject(s)
Environmental Pollution , Egg Yolk , Clinical Trial , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Salmonella enteritidis/isolation & purification
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(1): 65-69, fev. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-456415

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito do bissulfato de sódio, aplicado sobre a cama de frangos, criados em diferentes densidades, na sobrevivência de Escherichia coli e coliformes, utilizando-se as densidades de 12, 16 e 20 aves/m², com a inoculação de uma cepa de E. coli. Houve maior desenvolvimento microbiano no 21° dia de criação, com tendência de redução a partir daí. A eficácia do bissulfato de sódio foi maior nos primeiros dias do experimento.


The effect of sodium bisulfate has been evaluated on survival of Escherichia coli and coliforms, when applied on the broiler beds, adopting different densities. It has been adopted densities of 12, 16 and 20 birds/m², using inoculations of E. coli strains. The results have shown the highest microbial development on the 21st day of inoculation, with a trend of a microbial reduction afterwards. The sodium bisulfate was efficient during the first days of analyses, reducing its efficacy during the experiment.


Subject(s)
Animal Husbandry/methods , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Poultry , Sulfates/adverse effects
7.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 54(3): 409-19, 2001.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12221939

ABSTRACT

This work approaches the contradictions that are present in the teaching of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health in four public universities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It consists of a qualitative study based on a dialectic referential. The instruments used for the investigation were the programs of the courses of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health and interviews with fifteen teachers and fourteen students of the area. The central themes of the analysis were the conceptions and scenarios in which the teaching of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health takes place. It was observed that these courses focus predominantly the concepts of normality and pathology during the cycle of life and are influenced by the discourse of preventive psychiatry and by psychoanalysis. It was also noticed that the courses mentioned adopt a psychodynamic approach. The majority of the training in the area still takes place in big psychiatric hospitals and emphasizes psychopathologies and its psychosocial determinations which consolidate the hospice model.


Subject(s)
Mental Health , Psychiatric Nursing/education , Teaching , Brazil , Humans , Mental Disorders/therapy , Psychotherapy/education
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 52(6): 655-61, dez. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-283478

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve por objetivos verificar a ocorrência de salmonelas na casca e na gema de ovos de galinha distribuídos em pontos de venda da cidade de Campinas-SP, estudar o efeito do tempo e da temperatura de armazenagem sobre a multiplicaçäo de Salmonella enteritidis (SE) na casca e na gema de ovos contaminados artificialmente por contato com maravalhas e na multiplicaçäo de SE em clara e preparaçöes artificialmente contaminadas e verificar o efeito da desinfecçäo de ovos por imersäo em duas soluçöes desinfetantes sobre a contagem bacteriana e de SE da casca de ovos artificialmente contaminados. Das 124 amostras com 10 ovos cada, obtidas no comércio, 12 (9,6 por cento) e quatro (3,2 por cento) foram positivas para salmonelas na casca e na gema, respectivamente. SE foi o único sorovar identificado. Ovos experimentalmente contaminados apresentaram SE na casca pelo período de estudo de 21 dias tanto nos mantidos em temperatura ambiente, como em refrigeraçäo. Houve migraçäo da contaminaçäo de SE da casca para a gema a partir de 24 horas, com maior intensidade nos ovos mantidos em temperatura ambiente. Clara de ovos, clara batida e glacê näo se mostraram substratos apropriados para a multiplicaçäo de SE quando armazenados tanto em temperatura ambiente como em refrigeraçäo. Näo houve aumento da contaminaçäo original no período de 24 e 168 horas do estudo. Ao contrário, houve reduçäo de um ciclo logaritmo da contaminaçäo original na preparaçäo de glacês mantidas nas duas condiçöes de armazenagem. A desinfecçäo da casca de ovos com soluçäo do composto quaternário de amônia na dosagem de 400ppm e aquecida a 45§C foi mais eficiente do que quando se utilizaram 50,2ppm de cloro, nas mesmas condiçöes de uso, tanto na reduçäo de mesófilos totais como para SE


Subject(s)
Disinfection , Egg Shell , Egg Yolk , Salmonella enteritidis
9.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18238594

ABSTRACT

Flextensional actuators can be defined as a piezoceramic (or a stack of piezoceramics) connected to a flexible mechanical structure that converts and amplifies the output displacement of the piezoceramic. Essentially, the actuator performance depends on the distribution of stiffness and flexibility in the coupling structure and, therefore, on the coupling structure topology. In this work, we propose a general method for designing flextensional actuators with large output displacement (or generative force) by applying the topology optimization method. The goal is to design a flexible structure coupled to the piezoceramic that maximizes the output displacement (or force) in some specified direction. Static and low frequency applications are considered. To illustrate the implementation of the method, 2-D topologies of flextensional actuators are presented because of the lower computational cost; however, the method can be extended to 3-D topologies. By designing other types of coupling structures connected to the piezoceramic, new designs of flextensional actuators that produce output displacements or forces in different directions can be obtained, as shown. This method can be extended for designing flextensional hydrophones and sonars.

10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 49(6): 661-72, dez. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-264574

ABSTRACT

Estudaram-se os efeitos do tratamento de frangos com ácidos orgânicos e/ou microbiota cecal anaeróbia (MCA) sobre a infecçäo sistêmica e do trato digestivo de aves por Salmonella typhimurium e S. enteritidis. Foi usada MCA sem prévia indentificaçäo bacteriana. O tratamento com MCA contribuiu na resistência dos frangos à infecçäo por Salmonella spp. As infecçöes eram mais persistentes, em ordem, no ceco, reto e inglúvio, näo interferindo com o peso corporal no período. As infecçöes também eram autolimitantes, pois lotes tratados e controles apresentaram índices semelhantes de infecçäo ao final dos experimentos. Isoladamente ou em associaçäo com ácido acético, MCA reduziu a colonizaçäo do trato digestivo das aves por S. typhimurium e S. enteritidis. A associaçäo MCA e ácido acético näo teve efeito potencializador na reduçäo da colonizaçäo do trato digestivo. Exceto no inglúvio, o uso dos ácidos acético, propiônico ou fórmico näo determinou diferença em relaçäo aos grupos-controle na reduçäo de S. typhimurium e S. enteritidis no ceco e no reto. O uso de ácidos orgânicos e MCA teve pequeno efeito na reduçäo do pH cecal das aves tratadas. O tratamento com MCA diminuiu a quantidade de S. enteritidis nas fezes. A reduçäo do pH cecal näo diminuiu a quantidade de S. enteritidis nas fezes. S. enteritidis foi muito mais invasiva que a S. typhimurium e o uso de ácidos orgânicos e MCA teve pouco efeito na reduçäo da infecçäo sistêmica


Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry , Salmonella enteritidis , Salmonella typhimurium
11.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 47(3): 417-33, jun. 1995. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-239947

ABSTRACT

Realizaram-se contagens de Staphylococcus aureus e mesófilos no ambiente e em carcaças de frango coletadas em diferentes fases do abate em frigorífico com Inspeçäo Federal e testes de detecçäo de S. aureus na superfície de equipamentos e mäos de manipuladores. Submeteram-se cepas de S. aureus a testes de resistência térmica (50§C e 60§C). Observou-se a presença de S. aureus na pele de frangos em todas as amostras. A contaminaçäo por S. aureus foi maior pós depenagem e evisceraçäo e menor pós escaldagem a 58§C e resfriamento a 6§C com 3mg/l cloro. As carcaças apresentaram menor contaminaçäo por S. aureus ao final do abate. Mesófilos eram sempre em maior quantidade que S. aureus. A contagem de mesófilos na água de escaldagem oscilou muito em diferentes amostras. Os dedos de borracha das depenadeiras eram reservatórios e disseminadores de S. aureus entre carcaças pois já estavam contaminados antes mesmo do início da operaçäo, apesar de limpos e sanificados. A contaminaçäo de carcaças aumentou durante o período de abate. Detectou-se S. aureus na sala de depenagem e em todas as superfícies de equipamentos examinandos, mesmo após a limpeza, e na sala de evisceraçäo, somente no aspirador de pulmäo. Os manipuladores de ambas as salas portavam S. aureus nas mäos. Estudos in vitro de cepas de S. aureus isoladas de frango, após escaldagem e depenagem, demonstraram resistência das mesmas por até 10 minutos a 50§C e total eliminaçäo delas por dois minutos a 60§C


Subject(s)
Animals , Abattoirs , Chickens/anatomy & histology , Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , Staphylococcus aureus/virology
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 46(3): 210-22, jun. 1994. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-240185

ABSTRACT

Sinais clínicos de uma nova doença têm sido observados recentemente em vários lotes de matrizes pesadas no Brasil. A doença é observada somente em aves adultas, após o início de postura, mesmo em granjas com aves de múltiplas idades. As aves apresentam acentuada anorexia, depressäo e ficam dormindo debaixo dos ninhos. Os lotes apresentam 5 por cento de morbidade e baixa mortalidade. As aves afetadas mostram desorientaçäo cerebral, torcicolo, opistótono, descarga nasal, conjuntivite espumoso, edema ao redor dos olhos e na cabeça, e otite purulenta. Há queda temporária na produçäo de ovos de até 20 por cento com o correspondente decréscimo na eclosäo. A qualidade da casca dos ovos parecer näo ser afetada. A doença parece näo se transmitir verticalmente via ovo mas se espalha rapidamente lateralmente. Fluído gelatinoso é observado subcutaneamente na cabeça. Pequenos focos necróticos säo vistos na conjuntiva e na cavidade oral. Os ovários mostram degeneraçäo com folículos atrésicos, ruptura de gemas e seus fragmentos no peritôneo. Exame bacteriológico do cérebro e lesöes da cabeça mostraram a presença macia de Escherichia coli virulenta. Aves afetadas, mas sem sintomas nervosos, respondiam bem à terapêutica com enrofloxacin, tanto injetável como na água de bebida. Testes sorológicos revelaram perfis normais de anticorpos para os antígenos vacinais utilizadas e títulos crescentes e elevados para Pneumovirus. Todos os dados se enquadram com a descriçäo da síndrome da cabeça inchada


Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens , Poultry Diseases
13.
Avian Dis ; 38(2): 269-74, 1994.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7980274

ABSTRACT

The biochemical and serological properties of 29 isolates of avian haemophili obtained from chickens in Brazil are described. Twenty-seven of the isolates had the typical biochemical properties of Haemophilus paragallinarum. The two remaining isolates had the typical properties of Pasteurella avium, formerly known as Haemophilus avium. All of the H. paragallinarum isolates were serotyped according to the Page scheme using a hemagglutination-inhibition test. Fourteen of the isolates were serovar A, one was serovar B, 11 were serovar C, and one isolate could not be serotyped. The isolates were also examined using a panel of monoclonal antibodies for Page serovars A (one monoclonal antibody available) and C (three monoclonal antibodies available). As expected, the serovar B isolate failed to react with any monoclonal antibody, whereas the 11 serovar C isolates reacted with all three serovar C monoclonal antibodies but not with the serovar A monoclonal antibody. Only eight of the 14 serovar A isolates reacted with the serovar A monoclonal antibody.


Subject(s)
Chickens/microbiology , Haemophilus Infections/veterinary , Haemophilus/isolation & purification , Pasteurella Infections/veterinary , Pasteurella/isolation & purification , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Animals , Brazil , Demography , Haemophilus/classification , Haemophilus/growth & development , Haemophilus Infections/microbiology , Pasteurella/classification , Pasteurella/growth & development , Pasteurella Infections/microbiology
14.
Avian Dis ; 38(2): 361-5, 1994.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7980289

ABSTRACT

Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against a serovar A Haemophilus paragallinarum were evaluated for their ability to react with 11 reference strains that represented all the recognized serovars and with 27 field isolates of Page serovar A collected from around the world. The MAbs were used in a hemagglutination-inhibition assay. Both MAbs recognized type strains of Page serovar A and Kume serovars A-1 and A-2 but not the type strains of Kume serovars A-3 and A-4. Neither MAb recognized the type strains of Page serovars B and C or Kume serovars B-1, C-1, C-2, C-3, or C-4. When evaluated with the 27 Page serovar A field isolates, both MAbs recognized only 10 isolates. All of the recognized isolates belonged to Kume serovars A-1 (nine isolates) or A-2 (one isolate). All of the field isolates that were not recognized by one or the other of the MAbs either were Kume serovar A-4 (seven isolates) or could not be placed in an existing Kume A serovar (10 isolates). The results indicate that the epitope recognized by these MAbs is present only in strains of H. paragallinarum that belong to Kume serovars A-1 and A-2.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Haemophilus/immunology , Serotyping/methods , Animals , Chickens , Cross Reactions , Haemophilus/classification , Haemophilus/isolation & purification , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests , Hemagglutination Tests
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 45(5): 475-86, out. 1993. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-245936

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se o efeito da via de inoculaçäo sobre a patogenicidade de amostras de Escherichia coli patogênica de apatogênica, para a galinha, utilizando-se aves SPF com um e 45 dias de idade. Nas aves com um dia de idade, a via oral pareceu ser a porta de entrada mais importante, enquanto que nas de 45 dias, a via respiratória pareceu ser a mais importante na reproduçäo da colibacilose. A amostra apatogênica esteve ausente ou foi rapidamente eliminada do sangue, enquanto que a amostra patogênica quase sempre provocou bacteremia. O pulmäo pareceu atuar como reservatório e disseminador de E. coli quando a bactéria foi inoculada através das vias respiratórias. A colonizaçäo do trato intestinal das aves ocorreu nos seus vários segmentos, do esôfago ao reto, com ambas as amostras. A amostra patogênica mostrou maior habilidade na colonizaçäo do trato digestivo das aves, tanto no tempo de persistência quanto na quantidade de bactérias. Cecos e, sequencialmente, reto foram os locais com maior intensidade de colonizaçäo, independente da via e amostra inoculada. Aerosaculite e pericardite foram as lesöes macroscópica mais evidentes, caracaterizadas microscopicamente por processos inflamatórios, com presença de células polimorfonucleares e mononucleares, somados a focos necróticos, principalmente no coraçäo


Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity
16.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 44(2): 105-120, abr. 1992. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-240123

ABSTRACT

Uma série de experimentos foi realizada para verificar a participaçäo da microbiota dos tegumentos cutâneos e do trato digestivo de aves vivas na carga bacteriana residual das carcaças, avaliar a influência das operaçöes de abate e algumas alteraçöes nos níveis de contaminaçäo e disseminaçäo bacteriana de carcaças de frangos. Houve uma progressiva reduçäo no número de bactérias aeróbias totais e enterobactérias nas carcaças durante a sequência das operaçöes de abate, com reduçäo aproximada de dois a três log10, ao final do ciclo. A carga bacteriana total foi maior nas operaçöes de depenaçäo e evisceraçäo. Os níveis de contaminaçäo da água de resfriamento foram maiores no primeiro tanque que no terceiro. Níveis de cloro residual atuam na reduçäo da carga microbiana da água dos tanques de resfriamento. As carcaças de frangos apresentaram maior índice de contaminaçäo por salmonelas após o resfriamento do que antes. Experimentos com Escherichia coli resistente ao ácido nalidíxico ratificaram estes achados e, também, mostraram que a contaminaçäo de origem entérica é mais importante na disseminaçäo de bactérias para as carcaças que a de origem cutânea. A imersäo de aves em água a 45-50§C, 54§C, 65§C e 74§C por 15 segundos antes do escaldamento näo teve efeito significativo na reduçäo da contaminaçäo final de carcaças. A obstruçäo da cloaca de frangos com tampöes introduzidos imediatamente após a sangria e o tratamento das carcaças com ácido fosfórico no estágio final de resfriamento tiveram influência na reduçäo da contaminaçäo das carcaças por bactérias aeróbias totais e enterobactérias


Subject(s)
Animals , Abattoirs , Bacteria, Aerobic/immunology , Chickens , Enterobacteriaceae
17.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 44(1): 49-56, fev. 1992. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-128553

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se a cepa Conn-F de Mycoplasma gallisepticum como vacina para galinhas, utilizada na forma liofilizada, com títulos variáveis, e como cultura fresca. A resposta vacinal foi avaliada através da inoculaçäo no saco aéreo da cepa patogênica R de M. gallisepticum aos 28 e 49 dias pós-vacinaçäo. Os resultados foram verificados pela freqüência de aves com lesöes nos sacos aéreos, severidade das lesöes e níveis de anticorpos circulantes medidos pelos testes de soroaglutinaçäo rápida (SAR) e inibiçäo da hemaglutinaçäo (IH). A imunoproteçäo conferida foi dependente do título vacinal, do tempo pós-vacinaçäo e da forma de apresentaçäo da cultura. Resultados ligeiramente melhores foram observados com a vacina na forma de cultura fresca. Os títulos vacinais de 105 UFC/dose conferiram considerável melhor proteçäo que o título de 103 UFC/dose. As aves vacinadas foram mais resistentes ao desafio aos 49 dias. O teste de SAR foi mais sensível que o de IH, sendo o mais indicado na detecçäo da resposta sorológica à vacinaçäo. A soroconversäo, medida pelo teste de SAR, foi dependente do período pós-vacinaçäo e do título vacinal e mostrou tendência de cair aos 49 dias pós-vacinaçäo. A resposta sorológica de galinhas à cepa Conn-F näo se relacionou com a proteçäo


Subject(s)
Animals , Bacterial Vaccines , Chickens/immunology , Mycoplasma/immunology , Culture Media , Freeze Drying
18.
Avian Dis ; 25(1): 38-52, 1981.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7271663

ABSTRACT

The 9R strain of Salmonella gallinarum produced hepatitis and splenic lesions without mortality in meat-type and brown-egg-producing strains of chicks, but not in Leghorns. It was not recovered from Leghorns for as long following vaccination as from the other strains of chicks. The infectivity of the 9R strain was determined by the genetic susceptibility and age of the host. Subcutaneous vaccination of 9R produced partial immunity to S. gallinarum in Leghorns as well as in meat-type and brown-egg-producing strains of chickens. Addition of an oil adjuvant appeared to interfere with protection and gave even less protection than did a vaccine prepared from an inactivated oil-adjuvanted smooth strain. Use of the 9R vaccine did not protect against intestinal colonization by S. typhimurium or S. infantis. Potential egg transmission of 9R following vaccination and of a pathogenic strain following challenge of vaccinated birds was indicated by ovarian infection with each strain and by isolation of the pathogenic strain from one egg. All chickens vaccinated subcutaneously with the 9R strain developed antibodies detectable by the microantiglobulin test, but only a few birds developed antibody levels detected by the whole-blood, microagglutination, and tube tests. The inactivated vaccine prepared from a smooth S. gallinarum strain produced the highest and most uniform antibody response. Antibody levels were not related to protection, which is probably dependent on cellular immunity.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Chickens/immunology , Poultry Diseases/prevention & control , Salmonella Infections, Animal/prevention & control , Salmonella/immunology , Administration, Oral , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage , Injections, Subcutaneous , Liver/microbiology , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology
19.
Avian Dis ; 25(1): 68-73, 1981.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7271664

ABSTRACT

A native intestinal microflora of chickens that is protective against paratyphoid salmonellae appeared to be partially protective against Salmonella gallinarum and abbreviated the excretion time of S. gallinarum in White Leghorn chicks. Treated birds had a lower incidence of systemic infection measured by liver and spleen culture, and fewer birds developed infection in the intestinal tract. Most of the chickens positive by cloacal swabs excreted S. gallinarum throughout the test period. The low level of protection provided by competitive exclusion suggested that the practice would not prove useful in the practical control of fowl typhoid.


Subject(s)
Chickens/microbiology , Digestive System/microbiology , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Animals , Cecum/microbiology , Cloaca/microbiology , Crop, Avian/microbiology , Feces/microbiology , Liver/microbiology
20.
Avian Dis ; 24(3): 631-6, 1980.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7447834

ABSTRACT

Arizonosis occurred in a flock of 10,000 broilers in the state of Sao Paulo. Among 45 specimens submitted for examination at 15 days of age, there was blindness, and nervous symptoms with ataxia, torticollis, and opisthotonos. Necropsy showed caseous material in the vitreous body of the eyeballs and in the cortical region of the brain; S. arizonae 18:z4,z32 (Ar. 7:1,7,8) was isolated. Both ocular and brain lesions were reproduced by exposure of day-old chicks to the isolate by oral and intraocular dosage, by pen contact, and by intraperitoneal injection. Lesions in the brain were most prominent in the ventricles and consisted of necrotic masses containing eosinophilic cells surrounded by macrophages, and epithelioid and multinucleated cells. Lesions of the eye were most often related to the retina.


Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/veterinary , Chickens , Eye Diseases/veterinary , Poultry Diseases/pathology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/pathology , Animals , Brain/pathology , Brain Diseases/epidemiology , Brain Diseases/pathology , Eye/pathology , Eye Diseases/epidemiology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Poultry Diseases/epidemiology , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology , Salmonella arizonae/isolation & purification
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