ABSTRACT
Pulsed light, as a postharvest technology, is an alternative to traditional fungicides, and can be used on a wide variety of fruit and vegetables for sanitization or pathogen control. In addition to these applications, other effects also are detected in vegetal cells, including changes in metabolism and secondary metabolite production, which directly affect disease control response mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate pulsed ultraviolet light in controlling postharvest rot, caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum in 'Spanish' melon, in natura, and its implications in disease control as a function of metabolomic variation to fungicidal or fungistatic effects. The dose of pulsed light (PL) that inhibited F. pallidoroseum growth in melons (Cucumis melo var. Spanish) was 9 KJ m-2. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass analyzer identified 12 compounds based on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation patterns. Chemometric analysis by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squared Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) and corresponding S-Plot were used to evaluate the changes in fruit metabolism. PL technology provided protection against postharvest disease in melons, directly inhibiting the growth of F. pallidoroseum through the upregulation of specific fruit biomarkers such as pipecolic acid (11), saponarin (7), and orientin (3), which acted as major markers for the defense system against pathogens. PL can thus be proposed as a postharvest technology to prevent chemical fungicides and may be applied to reduce the decay of melon quality during its export and storage.
Subject(s)
Cucurbitaceae/microbiology , Cucurbitaceae/radiation effects , Fusarium/radiation effects , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Diseases/therapy , Apigenin/metabolism , Cucurbitaceae/metabolism , Flavonoids/metabolism , Fusarium/growth & development , Glucosides/metabolism , Metabolomics/methods , Pipecolic Acids/metabolism , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
O Mal da Sigatoka Negra é devastador para as cultivares tradicionais de banana. No Brasil, cultivares resistentes estão sendo desenvolvidas, mas se a preferência do consumidor não for considerada, o programa de melhoramento pode falhar. Neste trabalho, a aceitabilidade de quatro cultivares resistentes foi acessada no Nordeste brasileiro e comparada a quatro variedades comerciais. Dois grupos de consumidores participaram: adultos jovens e donas de casa. Escala hedônica foi aplicada para aparência externa dos cachos, aceitação global e aceitação por atributos dos frutos (aparência sem a casca, aroma, sabor e textura), além de testes de preferência e intenção de compra. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e Mapa de Preferência Interno. Mulheres e jovens mostraram opiniões semelhantes. As cultivares 'Preciosa' e 'Pacovan Ken' mostraram ser as mais promissoras, sendo que a primeira já pode substituir as cultivares comerciais 'Prata' e 'Pacovan' sem prejudicar a sua aceitabilidade, mas a 'Pacovan Ken' ainda precisa ser melhorada quanto à aparência.
The Black Sigatoka Disease is devastating to traditional banana cultivars. In Brazil, resistant cultivars are being developed but if the consumer's preference is not taken into account, the breeding program may not succeed. In this research the acceptability of four resistant cultivars was accessed in the Northeastern Brazilian region and compared to four commercial varieties. Two groups of consumers participated: young adults and housewives. Hedonic scale was applied to external appearance of bunches, global acceptance and acceptance of fruits' attributes (appearance without peel, aroma, flavor and texture). Preference and purchase intent were also evaluated. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Preference Mapping. Women and young adults showed similar opinions. 'Preciosa' and 'Pacovan Ken' cultivars showed to be the most promising ones. 'Preciosa' can already substitute the commercial 'Prata' and 'Pacovan' cultivars without impairing their global acceptability, but 'Pacovan Ken' still needs to be improved regarding its appearance.
ABSTRACT
Conduziu-se este estudo, realizado no Laboratório de Fisiologia e Tecnologia Pós-Colheita da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical em Fortaleza (CE), com o objetivo de aumentar o tempo de conservação pós-colheita de pedúnculos dos clones CCP 76 e END 183 de cajueiro anão precoce por meio da redução da temperatura de armazenamento. Foi adotado um fatorial em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, cujos fatores foram os clones e o tempo de armazenamento (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias), avaliados em três repetições. Os frutos, colhidos manualmente, no início da manhã, no Município de Beberibe, Ceará, foram acondicionados em caixas plásticas ainda no campo e transportados para o laboratório onde, acondicionados em bandejas de isopor, foram armazenados a 3,4 ± 0,6ºC e umidade relativa de 85 ± 11 por cento, sob atmosfera modificada. Os parâmetros avaliados foram perda de massa, aparência, cor da película, firmeza da polpa, sólidos solúveis totais, pH, acidez total titulável, SST/ATT, ácido ascórbico, açúcares solúveis totais, antocianinas totais e fenólicos. Os resultados mostraram que os pedúnculos do clone CCP 76 têm vida útil pós-colheita de 18 dias, enquanto o END 183, de 28 dias, ambos com reduzida perda de massa, firmeza e antocianinas totais.
This work aimed to increase, through the reduction storage temperature, the post-harvest conservation time of the early dwarf cashew tree peduncle of clones CCP 76 and END 183. It was carried out in the Postharvest Physiology and Technology Laboratory of the Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical in Fortaleza (State of Ceará, Brazil) using a factorial scheme in a randomized design with three replications of the factors (clones and storage duration: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days). The fruits evaluated were manually harvested in a farm located in the Municipality of Beberibe, State of Ceará, transported in plastic containers to the Laboratory and stored in extruded polystyrene trays at the temperature of 3,4 ± 0,6ºC and relative humidity 85 ± 11 percent under modified atmosphere. The parameters evaluated were weight loss; appearance; peel color; pulp firmness; total soluble solids (TSS); pH; total titratable acidity (TTA); TSS/TTA ratio; ascorbic acid; total soluble sugars; anthocyanins and phenolics. The analyses showed that the shelf life of the CCP 76 peduncle clone is 18 days while that of the END 183 clone is of 28 days, both with slight loss of mass, firmness and total anthocyanins.
