Immunomodulatory activity of trifluoromethyl arylamides derived from the SRPK inhibitor SRPIN340 and their potential use as vaccine adjuvant.

The serine/arginine-rich protein kinases (SRPK) specifically phosphorylate their substrates at RS-rich dipeptides, which are abundantly found in SR splicing factors. SRPK are classically known for their ability to affect the splicing and expression of gene isoforms commonly implicated in cancer and diseases associated with infectious processes. Non-splicing functions have also been attributed to SRPK, which highlight their functional plasticity and relevance as therapeutic targets for pharmacological intervention. In this sense, different SRPK inhibitors have been developed, such as the well-known SRPIN340 and its derivatives, with anticancer and antiviral activities. Here we evaluated the potential immunomodulatory activity of SRPIN340 and three trifluoromethyl arylamide derivatives. In in vitro analysis with RAW 264.7 macrophages and primary splenocytes, all the compounds modulated the expression of immune response mediators and antigen-presentation molecules related to a tendency for M2 macrophage polarization. Immunization experiments were carried out in mice to evaluate their potential as vaccine immunostimulants. When administrated alone, the compounds altered the expression of immune factors at the injection site and did not produce macroscopic or microscopic local reactions. In addition, when prepared as an adjuvant with inactivated EHV-1 antigens, all the compounds increased the anti-EHV-1 neutralizing antibody titers, a change that is consistent with an increased Th2 response. These findings demonstrate that SRPIN340 and its derivatives exhibit a noticeable capacity to modulate innate and adaptative immune cells, disclosing their potential to be used as vaccine adjuvants or in immunotherapies.

Improved Removal Capacity and Equilibrium Time of Maghemite Nanoparticles Growth in Zeolite Type 5A for Pb(II) Adsorption.

Novel magnetic zeolite type 5A nanocomposites were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and applied to lead removal from aqueous ambient. Maghemite nanoparticles were mixed with zeolite and, by controlling its content, transmission electron microscopy results gave sizes of 5 to 15 nm and selected area electron diffraction patterns confirmed the presence of zeolite. The nanocomposites have high specific surface area with values up to 194 m2/g. Magnetization measurements proved superparamagnetic behavior with saturation values of ~35 emu/gFe. Kinetic adsorption experiments showed removal efficiencies of 99.9% and an enhanced equilibrium time of 5 min. The lead concentrations after adsorption experiments lay under the permissible levels of 10 µg L-1, according to the World Health Organization. The maximum adsorption capacity, estimated by Sips model, was 265 mg L-1 at 300 K. The removal efficiency was significantly improved in the range of pH > 6, as well as in the presence of cation interferents such as Ca(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II). The adsorption mechanism was explained with cation exchange between Pb(II), the zeolite framework, and the protonated maghemite surface. Besides, our system revealed recyclability even after seven regeneration cycles. Thus, our synthesized materials have remarkable adsorption properties for lead water remediation processes.