ABSTRACT
Este trabalho objetiva caracterizar o perfil de mortalidade entre diabéticos com covid-19, em Vitória da Conquista, na Bahia, entre 2020 e 2021. É um estudo descritivo e quantitativo, com dados municipais do Sistema de Informação Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe). Foram considerados para o estudo pacientes diabéticos com idade ≥ 20 anos, entre abril de 2020 e setembro de 2021. Foi estimada a Odds Ratio (OR) de óbito com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Foram 1423 casos, a maioria do sexo feminino e idade ≥ 70 anos, com 11,6% de óbito. As maiores chances de óbito foram associadas ao sexo masculino (OR 1,60), idade ≥ 70 anos (OR 7,85), com dessaturação de oxigênio (OR 9,55), doença cardíaca crônica (OR 1,71) e doença renal crônica em estágio avançado (OR 3,15). Os pacientes com ≥ 70 anos apresentaram a dessaturação de oxigênio como principal achado clínico. A doença cardíaca crônica, a doença renal crônica em estágio avançado e a imunossupressão foram associadas a um maior risco de óbito.
This study characterizes the mortality profile among diabetics with COVID-19 in Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, between 2020 and 2021. A descriptive quantitative study was conducted with data obtained from the municipal Influenza Epidemiological Information System (SIVEP Gripe). Inclusion criteria consisted of diabetic patients aged ≥20 years, hospitalized between April 2020 and September 2021. Odds Ratio (OR) of death was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 1423 cases were registered, most of them involving female patients aged ≥ 70 years, with 11.6% resulting in death. The highest odds of death were associated with male sex (OR 1.60), age ≥ 70 years (OR 7.85), with oxygen desaturation (OR 9.55), chronic heart disease (OR 1.71) and advanced-stage chronic kidney disease (OR 3.15). Patients aged ≥ 70 years presented oxygen desaturation as the main clinical finding. Chronic heart disease, advanced-stage chronic kidney disease, and immunosuppression were associated with increased risk of death.
Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo caracterizar el perfil de mortalidad entre los diabéticos con covid-19, en Vitória da Conquista, en Bahía (Brasil), en el período de 2020 a 2021. Este es un estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo, realizado con datos municipales del Sistema de Información Epidemiológica de Influenza (SIVEP-Influenza). En este estudio se incluyeron a los pacientes diabéticos de ≥ 20 años, entre abril de 2020 y septiembre de 2021. Se estimó la Odds Ratio (OR) de muerte con intervalos de confianza del 95%. Ocurrieron 1.423 casos, la mayoría de ellos eran de mujeres, con edad ≥ 70 años, y representaban el 11,6% de muertes. Las mayores probabilidades de muerte estuvieron asociadas a sexo masculino (OR 1,60), edad ≥ 70 años (OR 7,85), desaturación de oxígeno (OR 9,55), cardiopatía crónica (OR 1,71) y enfermedad renal crónica en fase avanzada (OR 3,15). Los pacientes de ≥ 70 años presentaron desaturación de oxígeno como principal hallazgo clínico. La enfermedad cardíaca crónica, la enfermedad renal crónica en fase avanzada y la inmunosupresión se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de muerte.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soy isoflavone supplementation (25 mg/kg) on insulin resistance and inflammation in adipose tissue in an experimental model of menopause-obesity. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (O) and distributed among the groups: OSD-ovariectomized rats submitted to normocaloric standard diet (n = 6); OHF-ovariectomized rats submitted to high-fat diet (n = 9); and OHFI-ovariectomized rats submitted to high-fat diet with isoflavones (n = 9). Weight gain, body adiposity, food and caloric intake, blood pressure, and glucose tolerance were assessed. After 24 weeks, the rats were euthanized; the thoracic blood collected for serum insulin determination and the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance) (HOMA-IR) and homeostatic model assessment-ß cell (HOMA-ß) indices were calculated. Abdominal adipose tissues were removed, weighed, and fixed for immunohistochemical and morphometric studies. Isoflavones decreased weight gain and blood pressure without changing the food and caloric intake (P < .05). Isoflavones did not affect the weight of the abdominal adipose tissue depots (P < .05). Although they did not alter glucose tolerance, the isoflavones reduced HOMA-IR and HOMA-ß, serum insulin levels, in addition to reducing adipocytes' size (P < .05). The number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and crown-like structures in adipose tissue was lower in the group treated with isoflavones (P < .05). In conclusion, our data show that dietary soy isoflavones' supplementation prevents many of well-known deleterious combination of obesity and menopause on metabolism, such as body overweight, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hypertension, as well as insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation.
Subject(s)
Insulin Resistance , Insulins , Isoflavones , Rats , Female , Animals , Rats, Wistar , Obesity/etiology , Menopause , Weight Gain , Isoflavones/pharmacology , Diet, High-Fat , Blood Glucose/metabolism , InflammationABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy on glycerol-induced renal changes in rats. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar rats were submitted to ovariectomized (OVX) or sham surgery. One week after surgery, the animals received an intramuscular injection (8ml/kg) of 50% glycerol or saline (0.15 M) solution. These animals were divided into the following groups (n=6 per group): Sham, sham-operated female rats injected with saline; OVX, ovariectomized female rats injected with saline; Sham+Gly, sham-operated female rats injected with glycerol; OVX+Gly, ovariectomized female rats injected with glycerol. All rats were euthanized 3 days after the injections and the kidneys were removed for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Blood and urine samples were also collected for renal function studies. Results: The OVX+Gly group presented higher creatinine serum levels, as well as greater fractional excretion of sodium and urinary flow than the Sham+Gly group. Histological lesions and tubulointerstitial staining for macrophages, nuclear factor-kappa B, and nitrotyrosine were more pronounced in the renal cortex of the OVX+Gly group compared to the Sham+Gly group. Conclusion: We conclude that ovariectomy aggravated changes in renal function and structure in glycerol-induced acute kidney injury by the intensification of the proinflammatory tissue response.
Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da ovariectomia nas alterações renais induzidas pelo glicerol em ratas. Métodos: Vinte e quatro ratas Wistar foram submetidas à ovariectomia (OVX) ou cirurgia sham (intervenção falsa). Uma semana após a cirurgia, os animais receberam injeção intramuscular (8ml/kg) de glicerol a 50% ou solução salina (0,15 M). As ratas foram divididas nos seguintes grupos (n=6 por grupo): Sham, fêmeas sham-operadas e injetadas com solução salina; OVX, fêmeas ovariectomizadas e injetadas com solução salina; Sham+Gly, fêmeas sham-operadas e injetados com glicerol; OVX+Gly, fêmeas ovariectomizadas e injetadas com glicerol. Todas as ratas foram eutanasiadas 3 dias após as injeções e os rins foram removidos para estudos histológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. Amostras de sangue e urina também foram coletadas para estudos de função renal. Resultados: O grupo OVX+Gly apresentou maiores níveis séricos de creatinina, assim como maiores fração de excreção de sódio e fluxo urinário do que o grupo Sham+Gly. As lesões histológicas e imunomarcação tubulointersticial para macrófagos, fator nuclear-kappa B e nitrotirosina foram mais pronunciadas no córtex renal do grupo OVX+Gly em comparação ao grupo Sham+Gly. Conclusão: Concluímos que a ovariectomia agravou as alterações na função e estrutura renal, na lesão renal aguda induzida por glicerol, pela intensificação da resposta tecidual pró-inflamatória.
