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1.
Rev. enferm. UFPE on line ; 15(1): [1-17], jan. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1253988

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: relatar experiências de estudantes e professoras de enfermagem em aulas remotas no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Método: relato de experiência sobre aulas remotas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 desenvolvido por estudantes e professores de enfermagem de uma instituição de ensino superior particular, no primeiro semestre de 2020. Resultados: a pandemia da COVID-19 ocasionou desafios no campo educacional e, devido a necessidade de isolamento e distanciamento social, o uso das tecnologias digitais foi necessário para a continuidade do processo de ensinoaprendizagem. O formato das aulas remotas contribuiu para a formação das estudantes como na autonomia, criatividade e no desenvolvimento de habilidades. Todavia, professoras e estudantes tiveram dificuldades como no uso do recurso virtual, na internet intermitente, na demanda maior de tempo e dependência da tecnologia para a realização das atividades. Conclusão: a necessidade emergencial do uso das tecnologias digitais teve implicações para estudantes, professoras e gestores, mesmo diante os benefícios no processo de ensino e aprendizado, como na (re)adaptação ao formato remoto e a incipiência de capacitações para o uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação.(AU)


Objective: reporting experiences of nursing students and teachers in remote classes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: an experience report on remote classes during the COVID-19 pandemic developed by nursing students and teachers from a private higher education institution in the first semester of 2020. Results: the COVID-19 pandemic caused challenges in the educational field and, due to the need for isolation and social distancing, the use of digital technologies was necessary for the continuity of the teaching-learning process. The format of remote classes contributed to the training of students as in autonomy, creativity and skills development. However, teachers and students had difficulties, such as the use of the virtual resource, in the intermittent Internet, in the greater demand for time and dependence on technology to perform the activities. Conclusion: the emergency need for the use of digital technologies had implications for students, teachers and managers, even in view of the benefits in the teaching and learning process, such as the (re)adaptation to the remote format and the incipience of training for the use of information and communication technologies.(AU)


Objetivo: reportar las experiencias de estudiantes y docentes de enfermería en clases remotas en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19. Método: se trata de un informe de experiencias acerca de clases a distancia durante la pandemia del COVID-19, desarrollado por estudiantes y docentes de enfermería de una institución privada de educación superior en el primer semestre de 2020. Resultados: la pandemia del COVID-19 provocó desafíos en el ámbito educativo y, debido a la necesidad de aislamiento y distanciamiento social, el uso de las tecnologías digitales fue necesario para la continuidad del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El formato de las clases a distancia contribuyó a la formación de los estudiantes como en la autonomía, la creatividad y el desarrollo de habilidades. Sin embargo, profesores y estudiantes tuvieron dificultades como el uso del recurso virtual, en la Internet intermitente, en la mayor demanda de tiempo y dependencia de la tecnología para realizar las actividades. Conclusión: la necesidad de emergencia del uso de las tecnologías digitales tuvo implicaciones para estudiantes, profesores y directivos, incluso en vista de los beneficios en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, como la (re)adaptación al formato remoto y la insipiencia de la formación para el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Nursing , Educational Technology , Education, Nursing , Information Technology , Faculty, Nursing , COVID-19 , Learning
2.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis ; 10(3): 621-627, 2019 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30799282

ABSTRACT

Amblyomma sculptum is a tick affecting animal and human health across Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. Donkeys, Equus asinus, are known to be resistant to A. sculptum, suggesting that they can produce non-host tick semiochemicals (allomones), as already demonstrated for some other vertebrate host/pest interactions, whereas horses, Equus caballus, are considered as susceptible hosts. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that donkeys produce natural repellents against A. sculptum, by collecting sebum from donkeys and horses, collecting the odour from sebum extracts, and identifying donkey-specific volatile compounds by gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). From the complex collected blends, five main compounds were identified in both species. Hexanal, heptanal and (E)-2-decenal were found predominantly in donkey extracts, whilst ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate were found predominantly in horse extracts. One compound, (E)-2-octenal, was detected exclusively in donkey extracts. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays 36 different A. sculptum nymphs were tested for each extract, compound and concentration. The dry sebum extracts and the compounds identified in both species induced neither attraction nor repellency. Only (E)-2-octenal, the donkey-specific compound, displayed repellency, with more nymphs preferring the arm containing the solvent control when the compound was presented in the test arm across four concentrations tested (p < 0.05, Chi-square test). A combination of a tick attractant (ammonia) and (E)-2-octenal at 0.25 M also resulted in preference for the control arm (p < 0.05, Chi-square test). The use of semiochemicals (allomones) identified from less-preferred hosts in tick management has been successful for repelling brown dog ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from dog hosts. These results indicate that (E)-2-octenal could be used similarly to interfere in tick host location and be developed for use in reducing A. sculptum numbers on animal and human hosts.


Subject(s)
Equidae/physiology , Insect Repellents/isolation & purification , Pheromones/isolation & purification , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/drug effects , Sebum/chemistry , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Aldehydes/isolation & purification , Aldehydes/pharmacology , Alkenes/isolation & purification , Alkenes/pharmacology , Animals , Caprylates/isolation & purification , Caprylates/pharmacology , Chromatography, Gas , Decanoates/isolation & purification , Decanoates/pharmacology , Female , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Horses/physiology , Insect Repellents/pharmacology , Nymph/drug effects , Pheromones/pharmacology , Tick Infestations/prevention & control
3.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 27(3): 313-318, July-Sept. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959195

ABSTRACT

Abstract Beagles are less susceptible to Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato tick due to the production of the allomones benzaldehyde and 2-hexanone. Our previous published work showed that these compounds can reduce tick burden on susceptible dogs. Here we tested the hypothesis that an increase in repellent dose and release rate could increase repellent efficacy and persistence. Slow-release formulations of these compounds, with higher doses and release rates, were tested on artificially-infested dogs. Ten dogs were randomly assigned to two groups with five dogs each. The treated group received collars with slow-release formulations of the compounds attached, while the control group received collars with clean formulations attached. Five environmental infestations were performed, with the number of ticks (at all stages) on the dogs being counted once a day for 40 days. No significant increase in repellent efficacy was observed with the higher doses and release rates, whereas a greater persistence in repellent activity was observed. Treatment with the formulations resulted in a two-to-three-fold reduction in the number of immature stage ticks for up to three weeks. However, the number of adults was similar in both groups. Loss of repellent activity after the third week of testing coincided with a marked change in the relative release rates for the two compounds. It is hypothesized that relative amounts, rather than absolute amounts, of repellent release from slow-release formulations are important for repellent activity. We also hypothesize that the avoidance of less-preferred hosts by ticks relies on olfactory-mediated perception of specific blends of volatile cues from less preferred hosts.


Resumo Beagles são menos suscetíveis ao carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato devido à produção de benzaldeído e 2-hexanona. Nosso trabalho anterior já publicado mostrou que esses compostos podem reduzir a carga de carrapatos em cães suscetíveis. Aqui testamos a hipótese de que um aumento na dose destes repelentes e na taxa de liberação poderia aumentar a eficácia e a persistência do efeito repelente. As formulações de liberação lenta destes compostos, com doses e taxas de liberação mais elevadas foram testadas em cães infestados artificialmente. Dez cães foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos com cinco cães cada. O grupo tratado recebeu colares contendo formulações de liberação lenta dos compostos, enquanto o grupo controle recebeu colares com formulações limpas. Cinco infestações ambientais foram realizadas, com o número de carrapatos (em todas as fases) nos cães sendo contados, uma vez ao dia, por 40 dias. Não se observou aumento significativo na eficácia do repelente com doses e taxas de liberação mais elevadas e, enquanto observou-se maior persistência na atividade repelente. O tratamento com as formulações resultou em uma redução de duas a três vezes no número de carrapatos dos estágios imaturos, por até três semanas. No entanto, o número de adultos foi semelhante em ambos os grupos. A perda de atividade repelente após a terceira semana de teste coincidiu com uma mudança nas taxas de liberação relativa para os dois compostos. A hipótese é que as quantidades relativas, ao invés das quantidades absolutas de liberação lenta, são importantes para a atividade repelente. Então, a hipótese é de que a repelência apresentada por hospedeiros menos susceptíveis aos carrapatos depende da percepção pelos carrapatos de misturas específicas de voláteis liberados por estes hospedeiros.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Dogs , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Benzaldehydes/administration & dosage , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/drug effects , Dog Diseases/prevention & control , Insect Repellents/administration & dosage , Methyl n-Butyl Ketone/administration & dosage , Tick Infestations/prevention & control , Time Factors , Case-Control Studies , Treatment Outcome
4.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 27(3): 313-318, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30133595

ABSTRACT

Beagles are less susceptible to Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato tick due to the production of the allomones benzaldehyde and 2-hexanone. Our previous published work showed that these compounds can reduce tick burden on susceptible dogs. Here we tested the hypothesis that an increase in repellent dose and release rate could increase repellent efficacy and persistence. Slow-release formulations of these compounds, with higher doses and release rates, were tested on artificially-infested dogs. Ten dogs were randomly assigned to two groups with five dogs each. The treated group received collars with slow-release formulations of the compounds attached, while the control group received collars with clean formulations attached. Five environmental infestations were performed, with the number of ticks (at all stages) on the dogs being counted once a day for 40 days. No significant increase in repellent efficacy was observed with the higher doses and release rates, whereas a greater persistence in repellent activity was observed. Treatment with the formulations resulted in a two-to-three-fold reduction in the number of immature stage ticks for up to three weeks. However, the number of adults was similar in both groups. Loss of repellent activity after the third week of testing coincided with a marked change in the relative release rates for the two compounds. It is hypothesized that relative amounts, rather than absolute amounts, of repellent release from slow-release formulations are important for repellent activity. We also hypothesize that the avoidance of less-preferred hosts by ticks relies on olfactory-mediated perception of specific blends of volatile cues from less preferred hosts.


Subject(s)
Benzaldehydes/administration & dosage , Dog Diseases/prevention & control , Insect Repellents/administration & dosage , Methyl n-Butyl Ketone/administration & dosage , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/drug effects , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Animals , Case-Control Studies , Dogs , Female , Male , Tick Infestations/prevention & control , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. CEFAC ; 11(4): 701-707, out.-dez. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-538104

ABSTRACT

TEMA: recentemente o número de pacientes desejando um tratamento ortodôntico e estético ao mesmo tempo aumentou consideravelmente. A técnica lingual oferece a opção mais estética de tratamento ortodôntico, pois os bráquetes ficam invisíveis colados na superfície lingual dos dentes e os lábios não ficam protuberantes. Apesar da grande vantagem estética, essa terapia possui desvantagens como restrição no conforto oral, na fala, na higiene, irritações na língua, restrição no espaço da língua e dificuldades na alimentação. Para amenizar essas desvantagens uma nova geração de bráquetes linguais otimizados ao máximo através da individualização das bases dos bráquetes, da posição de colagem e dos fios utilizados no tratamento ortodôntico foi desenvolvida recentemente. OBJETIVO: realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura para verificar a adaptação do paciente a diferentes dispositivos ortodônticos linguais e a influência desses dispositivos no conforto e na fala, principalmente. CONCLUSÃO: atualmente a literatura suporta que os bráquetes linguais de última geração individualizados por computador proporcionam maior conforto e facilidade na fonação quando comparados aos bráquetes tradicionais da técnica lingual. No entanto, o sucesso na terapia requer orientações detalhadas sobre o potencial de restrição do conforto oral, articulação de palavras, mastigação e higiene oral, independente do sistema de bráquetes a ser utilizado.


BACKGROUND: the number of patients desiring an orthodontic and esthetic treatment at the same time recently increased considerably. The lingual technique offers the most aesthetic orthodontic treatment option because the brackets are invisible on the lingual surface of the teeth and the lips are not protruding. Despite the aesthetic advantage, this therapy has disadvantages such as restriction in oral comfort, in speech, in oral hygiene, injuries in the tongue and difficulties for eating. To improve these disadvantages, a new generation of lingual brackets optimized to the maximum through the individualization of the bases, the position of the bracket and wires used in orthodontic treatment have been recently developed. PURPOSE: to make a systematically review of literature to verify the patient's adaptation to different lingual orthodontic devices and the influence of these appliance in comfort and speech, as well. CONCLUSION: the literature currently supports that the latest generation of lingual individualized brackets provides greater comfort and speech easiness when compared to the traditional lingual technique brackets. However, success in therapy requires detailed guidelines on the potential for restriction of the oral comfort, word articulation, chewing and oral hygiene, regardless of the bracket system to be used.

6.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(1): 62-6, 2009 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19274378

ABSTRACT

The detection of Leishmania spp. in skin lesion aspirates, using a puncture technique, was evaluated in 76 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) who were referred to a Leishmaniasis Reference Centre in Brazil. CL was defined based on skin lesions suggestive of the disease and on a positive result of the Montenegro skin test or Giemsa-stained imprints of biopsy fragments. The aspirates were cultured using a vacuum tube device containing culture medium and evaluated for the presence of Leishmania spp. The biphasic medium culture was examined once a week for three weeks. Promastigotes were observed in 53/76 (69.7%) cultures. Stained smears from 60 of the 76 patients were evaluated using PCR-RFLP to detect the conserved minicircle region of Leishmania spp. and to classify the parasite. Of these patients, 45 (75%) showed positive results in aspirate culture and 15 presented negative results. The PCR was positive in 80% (53/60) samples. The PCR-RFLP profile was determined in 49 samples, of which 45 (92%) showed a pattern compatible with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The aspirate culture is a sensitive and feasible method for diagnosing CL and may be routinely adopted by health services for L. (V.) braziliensis isolation and identification.


Subject(s)
Leishmania braziliensis/isolation & purification , Leishmania mexicana/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Adult , Animals , Culture Techniques , DNA, Protozoan/analysis , Female , Humans , Leishmania braziliensis/genetics , Leishmania braziliensis/growth & development , Leishmania mexicana/genetics , Leishmania mexicana/growth & development , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Skin Tests
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(1): 62-66, Feb. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-507208

ABSTRACT

The detection of Leishmania spp. in skin lesion aspirates, using a puncture technique, was evaluated in 76 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) who were referred to a Leishmaniasis Reference Centre in Brazil. CL was defined based on skin lesions suggestive of the disease and on a positive result of the Montenegro skin test or Giemsa-stained imprints of biopsy fragments. The aspirates were cultured using a vacuum tube device containing culture medium and evaluated for the presence of Leishmania spp. The biphasic medium culture was examined once a week for three weeks. Promastigotes were observed in 53/76 (69.7 percent) cultures. Stained smears from 60 of the 76 patients were evaluated using PCR-RFLP to detect the conserved minicircle region of Leishmania spp. and to classify the parasite. Of these patients, 45 (75 percent) showed positive results in aspirate culture and 15 presented negative results. The PCR was positive in 80 percent (53/60) samples. The PCR-RFLP profile was determined in 49 samples, of which 45 (92 percent) showed a pattern compatible with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The aspirate culture is a sensitive and feasible method for diagnosing CL and may be routinely adopted by health services for L. (V.) braziliensis isolation and identification.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Leishmania braziliensis/isolation & purification , Leishmania mexicana/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Culture Techniques , DNA, Protozoan/analysis , Leishmania braziliensis/genetics , Leishmania braziliensis/growth & development , Leishmania mexicana/genetics , Leishmania mexicana/growth & development , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Skin Tests
8.
Ortodontia ; 41(n.esp): 283-288, dez. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-542720

ABSTRACT

Paciente com má-oclusão de Classe II de Angle, mordida cruzada posterior, sobremordida profunda, apinhamento dentário e impacção de canino. O tratamento foi realizado pelas técnicas do arco segmentado e do arco reto simultaneamente. O propósito deste trabalho foi apresentar as diferentes mecânicas de ambas as técnicas.


The following case report is an orthodontic treatment of class II malocclusion, posterior cross bite, severe overbite, crowding and impacted maxillary canine. The treatment was performed by Segmented Arch and Straight wire technique simultaneously. The aim of this paper is to show the different approaches in both techniques.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Orthodontics, Corrective , Biomechanical Phenomena , Orthodontic Appliances
9.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2005. xiv,54 p. ilus. (MCS-CPqRR).
Thesis in Portuguese | Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-931897

ABSTRACT

A azitromicina, um antibiótico azalídio, concentra-se em níveis elevados em várias células fagocíticas, especialmente macrófagos. Esta propriedade é essencial para sua atividade contra organismos intracelulares. A elevada penetração nos tecidos e a meia-vida prolongada da droga favorece a eliminação de parasitos intracelulares. A azitromicina apresenta atividade contra várias infecções causadas por protozoários. A potencial atividade leishmanicida da azitromicina contra três espécies de Leishmania do Novo Mundo foi avaliada utilizando modelos in vitro. Em experimentos realizados em triplicatas, promastigotas axênicas (1x10 elevado a 6/mL) das espécies Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis e Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi foram cultivadas em meio Schneider's em placas de 96 poços. Após a exposição à azitromicina (Zitromax Marca Registrada), 50, 100, 200, 300, 750, 1000, 1250 e 1500 microgramas/mL e anfotericina B (Fungizon Marca Registrada) 0,2 microgramas/mL (controle) durante 72 horas, a inibição do crescimento dos parasitos foi determinada pelo método colorimétrico alamar Blue Trade Marke[...] Em amastigotas intracelulares, macrófagos peritoneais estimulados com meio de cultivo tioglicolato, foram obtidos de camundongos Balb/c. As células foram infectadas com 4x10 elevado a 6/mL promastigotas de L. (L.) amazonensis e L. (L.) chagasi na fase estacionária (proporção de 1:10 macrófagos/parasitos) foram cultivados em meio RPMI 1640 em placas de 24 poços contendo lamínulas circulares, a 37ºC com 5 porcento de Dióxido de carbono. Para a infecção com L. (V.) braziliensis foram utilizadas amastigotas axênicas, na mesma proporção de macrófagos/parasitos e nas mesmas condições de cultivo. Após 72 horas de exposição a diferentes concentrações de azitromicina e 0,2 microgramas/mL de anfotericina B, as lamínulas foram retiradas e coradas em Giemsa e o número de amastigotas em 100 macrófagos, determinado. Observou-se redução significativ


Subject(s)
Azithromycin , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania mexicana , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
10.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2005. xiv,54 p. ilus. (MCS-CPqRR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-516300

ABSTRACT

A azitromicina, um antibiótico azalídio, concentra-se em níveis elevados em várias células fagocíticas, especialmente macrófagos. Esta propriedade é essencial para sua atividade contra organismos intracelulares. A elevada penetração nos tecidos e a meia-vida prolongada da droga favorece a eliminação de parasitos intracelulares. A azitromicina apresenta atividade contra várias infecções causadas por protozoários. A potencial atividade leishmanicida da azitromicina contra três espécies de Leishmania do Novo Mundo foi avaliada utilizando modelos in vitro. Em experimentos realizados em triplicatas, promastigotas axênicas (1x10 elevado a 6/mL) das espécies Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis e Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi foram cultivadas em meio Schneider's em placas de 96 poços. Após a exposição à azitromicina (Zitromax Marca Registrada), 50, 100, 200, 300, 750, 1000, 1250 e 1500 microgramas/mL e anfotericina B (Fungizon Marca Registrada) 0,2 microgramas/mL (controle) durante 72 horas, a inibição do crescimento dos parasitos foi determinada pelo método colorimétrico alamar Blue Trade Marke[...] Em amastigotas intracelulares, macrófagos peritoneais estimulados com meio de cultivo tioglicolato, foram obtidos de camundongos Balb/c. As células foram infectadas com 4x10 elevado a 6/mL promastigotas de L. (L.) amazonensis e L. (L.) chagasi na fase estacionária (proporção de 1:10 macrófagos/parasitos) foram cultivados em meio RPMI 1640 em placas de 24 poços contendo lamínulas circulares, a 37ºC com 5 porcento de Dióxido de carbono. Para a infecção com L. (V.) braziliensis foram utilizadas amastigotas axênicas, na mesma proporção de macrófagos/parasitos e nas mesmas condições de cultivo. Após 72 horas de exposição a diferentes concentrações de azitromicina e 0,2 microgramas/mL de anfotericina B, as lamínulas foram retiradas e coradas em Giemsa e o número de amastigotas em 100 macrófagos, determinado. Observou-se redução significativ


Subject(s)
Azithromycin , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania mexicana , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
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