ABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de diplostomídeos e cimotoídeos em peixes da barragem do rio Serra Branca, do município de Pai Pedro, Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram adquiridos de pescadores locais, 15 peixes de quatro gêneros diferentes, sendo eles, Prochilodus, Astyanax, Acestrorhynchus e Leporinus. A musculatura, a região bucal, órgãos, cavidades e globo ocular de cada peixe foram examinados macroscopicamente. Os parasitos encontrados foram coletados e identificados. Foi observado um percentual total de 53,33% (8/15) de positividade, com 46,66% (7/15) do total positivas para metacercárias de diplostomídeos de dois morfotipos: Austrodiplostomum sp. e Sphincterodiplostomum sp., restritas ao globo ocular e 6,66% (1/15) positiva unicamente para espécime da família Cymothoidae, sendo identificado como pertencente ao gênero Braga sp., configurando-se como primeiro registro em Prochilodus lineatus (Curimbatá). A diversidade de metacercárias em peixes da barragem do rio Serra Branca, no Norte de Minas Gerais, mostra, que além da participação dos peixes nativos como hospedeiros intermediários no ciclo biológico destes parasitos, sua participação na rede alimentar local, já que os hospedeiros definitivos dos diplostomídeos são aves piscívoras. Quanto ao isópode, é mais um parasito registrado com capacidade de causar danos físicos a um peixe de importância comercial. Diante disso, serão necessárias pesquisas futuras para determinar as consequências desse parasitismo na ictiofauna dos reservatórios brasileiros. Estes estudos poderão fornecer informações para um melhor aproveitamento dessa atividade zootécnica.(AU)
This study aimed to verify the occurrence of diplostomids and cimotoids in fish of the Serra Branca river dam, in the municipality of Pai Pedro, North of Minas Gerais, Brazil. From local fishermen, 15 fish of four different genres were acquired, being them Prochilodus, Astyanax, Acestrorhynchus and Leporinus. The musculature, mouth region, organs, cavities and eyeball of each fish were macroscopically examined. The parasites found were collected and identified. A total percentage of 53.33% (8/15) of positivity was observed, with 46.66% (7/15) of the total positive for diplostomide metacaria of two morphotypes: Austrodiplostomum sp. and Sphincterodiplostomum sp, restricted to the eyeball and 6.66% (1/15) positive only for specimens of the family Cymothoidae, being identified as belonging to the genus Braga sp., being configured as first record in Prochilodus lineatus (Curimbatá). The diversity of metacercaries in fish from the Serra Branca river dam, in the North of Minas Gerais, shows that besides the participation of native fish as intermediate hosts in the biological cycle of these parasites, their participation in the local food web since the ultimate hosts of diplostomids are fish-eating birds. As for the isopod, it is another registered parasite capable of causing physical damage to a fish of commercial importance. Therefore, future research will be necessary to determine the consequences of this parasite on the ichthyofauna of Brazilian reservoirs. These studies may provide information for a better use of this zootechnical activity.(AU)
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la presencia de diplostomidos y cimotoides en peces de la presa del río Serra Branca, en el municipio de Pai Pedro, al norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se compraron 15 peces de cuatro géneros diferentes a los pescadores locales, a saber, Prochilodus, Astyanax, Acestrorhynchusy Leporinus. La musculatura, la región oral, los órganos, las cavidades y los globos oculares de cada pez se examinaron macroscópicamente. Los parásitos encontrados fueron recolectados e identificados. Se observó un porcentaje total de 53.33% (8/15) de positividad, con 46.66% (7/15) del total positivo para metacercarias de diplostomids de dos morfotipos: Austrodiplostomum sp. y Sphincterodiplostomum sp., restringido al globo ocular y 6.66% (1/15) positivo solo para el espécimen de la familia Cymothoidae, siendo identificado como perteneciente al género Braga sp., configurándo se como el primero registro en Prochiloduslineatus (Curimbatá). La diversidad de metacercarias en peces de la presa del río Serra Branca, en el norte de Minas Gerais, muestra que, además de la participación de peces nativos como hospedadores intermedios en el ciclo biológico de estos parásitos, su participación en la red alimentaria local, desde los hospedadores definitivos de Las diplomostomidas son aves piscívoras. En cuanto al isópodo, es otro parásito registrado capaz de causar daño físico a un pez comercialmente importante. Por lo tanto, será necesaria una investigación futura para determinar las consecuencias de este parasitismo en la ictiofauna de los reservorios brasileños. Estos estudios pueden proporcionar información para un mejor uso de esta actividad zootécnica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/parasitology , Metacercariae , Isopoda/parasitology , Trematoda , Fauna , BrazilABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de diplostomídeos e cimotoídeos em peixes da barragem do rio Serra Branca, do município de Pai Pedro, Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram adquiridos de pescadores locais, 15 peixes de quatro gêneros diferentes, sendo eles, Prochilodus, Astyanax, Acestrorhynchus e Leporinus. A musculatura, a região bucal, órgãos, cavidades e globo ocular de cada peixe foram examinados macroscopicamente. Os parasitos encontrados foram coletados e identificados. Foi observado um percentual total de 53,33% (8/15) de positividade, com 46,66% (7/15) do total positivas para metacercárias de diplostomídeos de dois morfotipos: Austrodiplostomum sp. e Sphincterodiplostomum sp., restritas ao globo ocular e 6,66% (1/15) positiva unicamente para espécime da família Cymothoidae, sendo identificado como pertencente ao gênero Braga sp., configurando-se como primeiro registro em Prochilodus lineatus (Curimbatá). A diversidade de metacercárias em peixes da barragem do rio Serra Branca, no Norte de Minas Gerais, mostra, que além da participação dos peixes nativos como hospedeiros intermediários no ciclo biológico destes parasitos, sua participação na rede alimentar local, já que os hospedeiros definitivos dos diplostomídeos são aves piscívoras. Quanto ao isópode, é mais um parasito registrado com capacidade de causar danos físicos a um peixe de importância comercial. Diante disso, serão necessárias pesquisas futuras para determinar as consequências desse parasitismo na ictiofauna dos reservatórios brasileiros. Estes estudos poderão fornecer informações para um melhor aproveitamento dessa atividade zootécnica.
This study aimed to verify the occurrence of diplostomids and cimotoids in fish of the Serra Branca river dam, in the municipality of Pai Pedro, North of Minas Gerais, Brazil. From local fishermen, 15 fish of four different genres were acquired, being them Prochilodus, Astyanax, Acestrorhynchus and Leporinus. The musculature, mouth region, organs, cavities and eyeball of each fish were macroscopically examined. The parasites found were collected and identified. A total percentage of 53.33% (8/15) of positivity was observed, with 46.66% (7/15) of the total positive for diplostomide metacaria of two morphotypes: Austrodiplostomum sp. and Sphincterodiplostomum sp, restricted to the eyeball and 6.66% (1/15) positive only for specimens of the family Cymothoidae, being identified as belonging to the genus Braga sp., being configured as first record in Prochilodus lineatus (Curimbatá). The diversity of metacercaries in fish from the Serra Branca river dam, in the North of Minas Gerais, shows that besides the participation of native fish as intermediate hosts in the biological cycle of these parasites, their participation in the local food web since the ultimate hosts of diplostomids are fish-eating birds. As for the isopod, it is another registered parasite capable of causing physical damage to a fish of commercial importance. Therefore, future research will be necessary to determine the consequences of this parasite on the ichthyofauna of Brazilian reservoirs. These studies may provide information for a better use of this zootechnical activity.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la presencia de diplostomidos y cimotoides en peces de la presa del río Serra Branca, en el municipio de Pai Pedro, al norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se compraron 15 peces de cuatro géneros diferentes a los pescadores locales, a saber, Prochilodus, Astyanax, Acestrorhynchusy Leporinus. La musculatura, la región oral, los órganos, las cavidades y los globos oculares de cada pez se examinaron macroscópicamente. Los parásitos encontrados fueron recolectados e identificados. Se observó un porcentaje total de 53.33% (8/15) de positividad, con 46.66% (7/15) del total positivo para metacercarias de diplostomids de dos morfotipos: Austrodiplostomum sp. y Sphincterodiplostomum sp., restringido al globo ocular y 6.66% (1/15) positivo solo para el espécimen de la familia Cymothoidae, siendo identificado como perteneciente al género Braga sp., configurándo se como el primero registro en Prochiloduslineatus (Curimbatá). La diversidad de metacercarias en peces de la presa del río Serra Branca, en el norte de Minas Gerais, muestra que, además de la participación de peces nativos como hospedadores intermedios en el ciclo biológico de estos parásitos, su participación en la red alimentaria local, desde los hospedadores definitivos de Las diplomostomidas son aves piscívoras. En cuanto al isópodo, es otro parásito registrado capaz de causar daño físico a un pez comercialmente importante. Por lo tanto, será necesaria una investigación futura para determinar las consecuencias de este parasitismo en la ictiofauna de los reservorios brasileños. Estos estudios pueden proporcionar información para un mejor uso de esta actividad zootécnica.
Subject(s)
Animals , Fauna , Isopoda/parasitology , Metacercariae , Fishes/parasitology , Trematoda , BrazilABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Penile curvature is one of the most common male conditions, affecting nearly 10% of men, and can impair sexual intercourse. Tunica albuginea (hTA) plays a key role in penile curvature, and reconstructive procedures may be necessary for its substitution. Although several grafts have been proposed for hTA repair, the ideal graft is not yet available. AIM: The aim of this article is to evaluate a new human tunica albuginea acellular matrix (hTAAM) as potential graft for penile reconstructive procedures. METHODS: Twelve penises were obtained during sex reassignment surgeries from male-to-female transsexual patients. After dissection, hTAs were assigned into two groups according to the decellularization methods: polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 method following ultraviolet-C radiation, and Triton X-100 modified method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Structural analyses were assessed by hematoxilin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, Weigert's, and picrosirius-polarization staining methods. Total protein, total glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) concentrations were assessed by specific biochemical analyses. Uniaxial strength tests were performed to evaluate biomechanical properties. RESULTS: All hTAAMs presented no nuclear or cellular remnants. Total protein concentration was significantly higher in PEG 1000 hTAAM. Despite GAG concentration decreased significantly in hTAAM, Triton X-100 hTAAM retained the highest GAG concentration (1.0 ± 0.42 µg HexUr/mg dry tissue, P > 0.05). All decellularization methods were efficacious to remove nucleic acids. The maximal break point presented no difference between hTA and hTAAM groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PEG 1000 and Triton X-100 decellularization methods provide equally successful hTAAMs, preserving original structural and biochemical properties.
Subject(s)
Penile Diseases/surgery , Penis/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Transplants , Connective Tissue/surgery , Humans , Male , Octoxynol , Penis/anatomy & histology , Polyethylene GlycolsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Randomized clinical trials (RCT) remain the gold standard in providing scientific evidence in medical practice in spite of the significant placebo effect in the treatment of several disorders. Although the first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) is oral phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (iPDE5), the placebo effect in RCT of iPDE5 for ED occurs at a rate as high as 50%. AIMS: To evaluate the role of therapeutic illusion in the oral treatment for ED. METHODS: A prospective, controlled, single-blind, parallel-group study was performed at single-center. One hundred and twenty-three patients with ED were randomly assigned into three groups and received different letters: Group 1 (G1) was informed to be receiving a substance for ED treatment; Group 2 (G2) was informed that they could be receiving an active drug or placebo; Group 3 (G3) was conscious to be using placebo. Starch capsules were dispensed to all patients. Median follow up was 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ED improvement was assessed after 8 weeks of the intervention by the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Quality of Erection Questionnaire. ED severity was classified by the IIEF erectile function (IIEF-EF) domain score into five categories: no ED (score of 26-30), mild (22-25), mild to moderate (17-21), moderate (11-16), and severe (6-10). Improvement in IIEF-EF domain was considered as a change in category of severity. RESULTS: ED severity improved in all three groups (G1 = 31.7%, P = 0.039; G2 = 36.8%, P = 0.028; G3 = 36.8%, P = 0.002) and no difference was found among groups (P = 0.857). Improvement of quality of erection score was only significant in G2 (P = 0.005) and G3 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Written-suggested therapeutic illusion for patients with ED has no major influence in the outcomes. However, treatment of ED with oral placebo capsules demonstrates clinical effects, improving erectile function and quality of erection.