ABSTRACT
X-chromosomal markers can be useful in some forensic cases, where the analysis of the autosomal markers is not conclusive. In this study, a population sample of 500 unrelated individuals born in São Paulo State was characterized for 32 X-InDel markers. No deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected, except for MID1361. The 32 X-InDels showed an accumulated power of discrimination of 0.9999999999993 in females and 0.99999993 in males and an exclusion chance of 0.999996 in trios and 0.99995 in duos. São Paulo showed lower genetic distances to the Colombian admixed and European populations than to Native American, Asian, or African populations. Ancestry analysis revealed 41.8% European, 31.6% African, and 26.6% Native American contributions. Segregation analysis was performed in 101 trios, and the mutation rate was estimated to be low.
Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics , Genetics, Population/methods , INDEL Mutation , American Indian or Alaska Native/genetics , Black People/genetics , Brazil/ethnology , Family , Female , Genetic Markers , Haplotypes , Humans , Male , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction , Mutation Rate , Paternity , White People/geneticsABSTRACT
Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi are the etiologic agents of sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, respectively, two of the 17 preventable tropical infectious diseases (NTD) which have been neglected by governments and organizations working in the health sector, as well as pharmaceutical industries. High toxicity and resistance are problems of the conventional drugs employed against trypanosomiasis, hence the need for the development of new drugs with trypanocidal activity. In this work we have evaluated the trypanocidal activity of a series of N1,N2-dibenzylethane-1,2-diamine hydrochlorides (benzyl diamines) and N1-benzyl,N2-methyferrocenylethane-1,2-diamine hydrochlorides (ferrocenyl diamines) against T. brucei and T. cruzi parasite strains. We show that incorporation of the ferrocenyl group into the benzyl diamines increases the trypanocidal activity. The molecules exhibit potential trypanocidal activity in vitro against all parasite strains. Cytotoxicity assay was also carried out to evaluate the toxicity in HepG2 cells.
