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1.
São Paulo med. j ; 125(6): 322-328, Nov. 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-476090

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: High intracuff pressure in endotracheal tubes (ETs) may cause tracheal lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endotracheal tube cuffs filled with air or with alkalinized lidocaine. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a prospective clinical study at the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista. METHODS: Among 50 patients, ET cuff pressures were recorded before, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after starting and upon ending nitrous oxide anesthesia. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: Air, with ET cuff inflated with air to attain a cuff pressure of 20 cmH2O; and Lido, with ET cuff filled with 2 percent lidocaine plus 8.4 percent sodium bicarbonate to attain the same pressure. ET discomfort before tracheal extubation, and sore throat, hoarseness and coughing incidence were studied at the time of discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit, and sore throat and hoarseness were studied 24 hours after anesthesia. RESULTS: Pressures in Lido cuffs were significantly lower than in Air cuffs (p < 0.05). Tracheal complaints were similar for the two groups, except for lower ET discomfort and sore throat incidence after 24 hours and lower systolic arterial pressure at the time of extubation in the Lido group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ET cuffs filled with alkalinized lidocaine prevented the occurrence of high cuff pressures during N2O anesthesia and reduced ET discomfort and postoperative sore throat incidence. Thus, alkalinized lidocaine-filled ET cuffs seem to be safer than conventional air-filled ET cuffs.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Os tubos traqueais são dispositivos utilizados para manutenção da ventilação. A hiperinsuflação do balonete do tubo traqueal, causada pela difusão do óxido nitroso (N2O), pode determinar lesões traqueais, que se manifestam clinicamente como odinofagia, rouquidão e tosse. A lidocaína, quando injetada no balonete do tubo traqueal, difunde-se através de sua parede, determinando ação anestésica local na traquéia. O objetivo foi avaliar a efetividade e a segurança do balonete do tubo traqueal preenchido com ar comparado com o balonete preenchido com lidocaína, considerando os desfechos: sintomas cardiovasculatórios (HAS, taquicardia); odinofagia, tosse, rouquidão e tolerância ao tubo traqueal. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo clínico prospectivo, realizado no Departamento de Anestesiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Unesp, campus de Botucatu. MÉTODOS: A pressão do balonete do tubo traqueal foi medida, entre 50 pacientes, antes, 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos após o início da inalação de N2O anestésico. As pacientes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Air, em que o balonete foi inflado com ar para obtenção de pressão de 20 cm H2O, e Lido, em que o balonete foi preenchido com lidocaína a 2 por cento mais bicarbonato de sódio a 8,4 por cento para obtenção da mesma pressão. O desconforto antes da extubação, e manifestações clínicas como dor de garganta, rouquidão e tosse foram registrados no momento da alta da unidade de cuidados pós-anestésicos, e dor de garganta e rouquidão foram avaliadas também 24 horas após a anestesia. RESULTADOS: Os valores da pressão no balonete em G2 foram significativamente menores do que os de Air em todos os tempos de estudo, a partir de 30 minutos (p < 0,001). A proporção de pacientes que reagiu ao tubo traqueal no momento da desintubação foi significantemente menor em Lido (p < 0,005). A incidência de odinofagia foi significantemente menor em Lido no primeiro dia de pós-operatório...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Nitrous Oxide/administration & dosage , Pharyngitis/etiology , Administration, Inhalation , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Cough/etiology , Hoarseness/etiology , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Pharyngitis/prevention & control , Prospective Studies , Trachea/injuries , Young Adult
2.
Sao Paulo Med J ; 125(6): 322-8, 2007 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18317601

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: High intracuff pressure in endotracheal tubes (ETs) may cause tracheal lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endotracheal tube cuffs filled with air or with alkalinized lidocaine. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a prospective clinical study at the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista. METHODS: Among 50 patients, ET cuff pressures were recorded before, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after starting and upon ending nitrous oxide anesthesia. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: Air, with ET cuff inflated with air to attain a cuff pressure of 20 cmH2O; and Lido, with ET cuff filled with 2% lidocaine plus 8.4% sodium bicarbonate to attain the same pressure. ET discomfort before tracheal extubation, and sore throat, hoarseness and coughing incidence were studied at the time of discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit, and sore throat and hoarseness were studied 24 hours after anesthesia. RESULTS: Pressures in Lido cuffs were significantly lower than in Air cuffs (p < 0.05). Tracheal complaints were similar for the two groups, except for lower ET discomfort and sore throat incidence after 24 hours and lower systolic arterial pressure at the time of extubation in the Lido group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ET cuffs filled with alkalinized lidocaine prevented the occurrence of high cuff pressures during N2O anesthesia and reduced ET discomfort and postoperative sore throat incidence. Thus, alkalinized lidocaine-filled ET cuffs seem to be safer than conventional air-filled ET cuffs.


Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Nitrous Oxide/administration & dosage , Pharyngitis/etiology , Administration, Inhalation , Adolescent , Adult , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Cough/etiology , Female , Hoarseness/etiology , Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Middle Aged , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Pharyngitis/prevention & control , Prospective Studies , Trachea/injuries , Young Adult
3.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 53(3): 361-376, maio-jun. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-344102

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Estudos introduziram novo método para avaliaçäo da pré-carga, baseado na análise da variaçäo da pressäo sistólica (VPS) durante ventilaçäo artificial. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar se a VPS e sua derivada delta down (ddown) säo indicadoras precoces de hipovolemia e guias de reposiçäo volêmica com soluçäo hiperosmótica e hiperoncótica. MÉTODO: Doze cäes foram submetidos a sangramentos parciais de 5 por cento da volemia até se atingir 20 por cento da volemia (14 ml.kg-1). Antes (controle) e após cada sangramento foram realizadas análises hemodinâmicas, respiratórias e sangüíneas. Após, os cäes foram submetidos à reposiçäo com soluçäo de NaCl a 7,5 por cento em dextran 70 a 3,75 por cento (SHD) (4 ml.kg-1) e novas análises dos atributos estudados foram realizadas aos 5 e 30 minutos após a reposiçäo. RESULTADOS: A pressäo arterial média diminuiu durante o sangramento e aumentou após a reposiçäo, sem retornar aos valores do controle. As pressöes da artéria pulmonar e do átrio direito (PAD) diminuíram antes e aumentaram após a reposiçäo para valores semelhantes aos do controle. A pressäo da artéria pulmonar ocluída (PAPO) diminuiu após o primeiro sangramento e manteve-se em valores abaixo aos do controle, mesmo após a reposiçäo. O índice cardíaco näo se alterou, mas aumentou após a reposiçäo, para valores superiores aos do controle. O índice sistólico (IS) diminuiu antes e aumentou após a reposiçäo, em níveis superiores aos do controle. Os índices de resistência vascular sistêmica (IRVS) e pulmonar (IRVP) näo se alteraram antes, mas diminuíram após a reposiçäo, com o IRVS em níveis inferiores aos do controle, e o IRVP em níveis semelhantes aos do controle. Os índices de trabalho sistólico dos ventrículos direito (ITSVD) e esquerdo (ITSVE) diminuíram durante o sangramento, mas aumentaram após a reposiçäo, com o ITSVD em níveis superiores aos do controle e o ITSVE em níveis semelhantes aos do controle. A VPS e ddown aumentaram progressivamente durante o sangramento e diminuíram após a reposiçäo, mas mantendo-se em valores superiores aos do controle. As maiores correlações de VPS e ddown foram com IS, PAPO, PAD e ITSVE. CONCLUSÕES: No cäo, nas condições empregadas, a VPS e sua derivada ddown säo indicadoras precoces de hipovolemia e guias sensíveis de reposiçäo volêmica com SHD


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Arterial Pressure , Blood Volume , Dogs , Hypovolemia , Hemodynamics , Respiration, Artificial , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/therapeutic use
4.
Rev Bras Anestesiol ; 53(3): 361-76, 2003 Jun.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19475287

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies have introduced a new method for preload evaluation based on systolic pressure variation analysis (SPV) during mechanical ventilation. This research aimed at evaluating whether SPV and its delta down derived (ddown) are earlier hypovolemia indicators and guides for volume replacement with hypertonic and hyperoncotic solutions. METHODS: Twelve dogs were submitted to graded hemorrhage of 5% of their volume until reaching 20% of volume (14 ml.kg-1). Before (control) and after every hemorrhage, hemodynamic, ventilatory and blood parameters were evaluated. Then, dogs were submitted to volume replacement with 7.5% NaCl in 3.75% dextran 70 (SHD) (4 ml.kg-1), and the parameters were again evaluated 5 and 30 minutes after volume replacement. RESULTS: Mean blood pressure decreased during hemorrhage and increased after SHD infusion, however without returning to baseline values. Right atrium (RAP) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) decreased before and increased after volume replacement reaching values similar to baseline. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) decreased after the first hemorrhage and remained below baseline values even after volume replacement. Cardiac index has not changed, but increased after SHD infusion reaching values above baseline. Stroke volume index (SVI) decreased before, and increased after volume replacement reaching values above baseline. Systemic vascular and pulmonary resistance did not change during hemorrhage, but decreased after volume replacement, with SVRI remaining below baseline values and SVPRI in levels similar to baseline. Left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) and right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) decreased before and increased after SHD infusion, with RVSWI remaining above baseline values and LVSWI in levels similar to baseline. SPV and ddown progressively increased during hemorrhage and decreased after volume replacement, however remaining above baseline values. Major SPV and ddown correlations were found with SVI, PWCP, RAP, PAP and LVSWI. CONCLUSIONS: In dogs under our experimental conditions, SPV and its derived ddown are early hypovolemia indicators and sensitive guides for volume replacement with hypertonic and hyperoncotic solutions.

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