Mechanical and Optical Characterization of Single-shade Resin Composites Used in Posterior Teeth.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the optical and mechanical performance of two single-shade resin-based composites (RBCs) compared to those of a conventional RBC for restoring posterior teeth. METHODS: Two single-shade RBCs, Omnichroma (Tukoyama) and Vittra Unique APS (FGM), and a conventional RBC, Filtek Z350XT shade A2 (3M Oral Care), were evaluated in this study. The optical shade-matching performance was measured using a spectrophotometer. The light emitted by VALO Grand (Ultradent) and transmitted through the 2.0-mm RBC specimens was evaluated using beam profiling. Knoop hardness (KH, N/mm2), degree of conversion (DC, %) at the top and bottom, flexural strength (FS, MPa), elastic modulus (E, GPa), postgel shrinkage (Shr, %), and shrinkage stress (MPa) were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the filler. Data for FS, E, and Shr were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and KH and DC by repeated one-way ANOVA measurement followed by Tukey test (α=0.05). The modified von Mises stress values, light transmission, and SEM images were analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS: All single-shade RBCs exhibited higher chromatic adaptation than the Filtek Z350XT (p<0.001). Omnichroma exhibited less color difference than Vittra Unique APS, irrespective of the shade. The light transmitted through Omnichroma and Vittra Unique APS increased during polymerization. KH and DC values were significantly reduced from the top to the bottom of the specimens for all RBCs (p<0.001); however, the ratio values were always higher than 80%. In general, all RBCs demonstrated similar mechanical properties. All RBCs exhibited a similar FS (p=0.083) and Shr value (p=0.144). Filtek Z350XT exhibited significantly higher E (p<0.001) than both single-shade RBCs. All RBCs exhibited similar shrinkage stress during restoration and similar residual stress during occlusal loading. CONCLUSIONS: Single-shade Omnichroma and Vittra Unique APS increased light transmission during light-activation, demonstrating better chromatic adaptation than conventional Filtek Z350XT. In general, Omnichroma and Vittra Unique APS exhibited similar mechanical properties and shrinkage stress distributions as Filtek Z350XT during light-activation and occlusal loading.

Analysis of Calcium and Phosphate Ion Extraction From Dental Enamel by Bleaching Gels Using Ion Chromatography, Micro-CT, and SEM.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the volume and depth of enamel loss promoted by 37.5% and 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gels, and quantify the loss of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions by using ion chromatography (IC) analysis after bleaching. METHODS: Sixty bovine enamel specimens were randomly divided into three groups: Control - no bleaching gel; HP37.5%, application of HP 37.5% for 45 minutes for 14 days; and HP7.5%, application of HP 7.5% for 3 applications of 8 minutes. The surface analysis (n=5) was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dispersive energy system (EDS) to calcium and phosphorus dosage. The micro-CT was used for the enamel loss analysis (n=5). IC was used to analyze extracted Ca and P (n=10). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and two-way repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Tukey and Dunnett's tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: Significantly higher volume and depth of enamel loss were found for bleached groups compared with the control group. HP7.5% had significantly higher enamel change than HP37.5%. SEM showed higher enamel porosity for HP37.5% and HP7.5% compared to control. The IC demonstrated a significant increase of Ca incorporated into the gel, however, only HP7.5% had a higher P presence than the control group. The HP7.5% showed higher Ca and P ion exchange than HP37.5% (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: HP37.5% and HP7.5%, caused enamel mineral changes compared with the control group. The IC method was demonstrated to be an effective methodology for detecting enamel mineral loss by the bleaching gel.

Surgical approach in correction of a crack in the gnathotheca of a black swan (Cygnus atratus, Latham, 1790): first case report / Abordagem cirúrgica em correção de fissura na gnatoteca em um cisne-negro (Cygnus atratus, Latham, 1790): primeiro relato de caso

The black swan (Cygnus atratus, LATHAM, 1790) is a bird kept as an ornamental in zoos. Because of their long beaks they tend to have a reserved prognosis in musculoskeletal disorders such as beak trauma, secondary to skull bone fractures, presenting irreversible lesions. The aim of this report is present a clinical surgical innovation in the repair of a black swan's gnathotheca fissure with the application of non-conventional materials used. It was observed that one of the swans kept in a zoo display area had difficulty feeding, with associated weight loss. It was observed tissue loss and a lacerative lesion in the caudal sublingual region of its beak. The lesion was corrected by a separate simple suture in the cranial region of the beak and with a x-clamping using steel surgical wire and the application of dental resin in the distal region to perform a sustentation bridge in the beak end-gap. After 12 days, the animal was able to feed again and remained perfectly adapted to the restoration, reestablishing the anatomical and physiological function of its beak.

O cisne-negro (Cygnus atratus, Latham, 1790) é uma ave mantida como ornamental em zoológicos. Por apresentar bicos longos, tende a ter prognóstico reservado em afecções musculoesqueléticas, como traumas de bico secundários e fraturas de ossos do crânio, com lesões irreversíveis. O objetivo deste relato é apresentar uma inovação clínica cirúrgica no reparo de fissura na gnatoteca de um cisne-negro, com a utilização de materiais não convencionais. Observou-se que um dos cisnes mantidos em uma área de exibição de um zoológico apresentava dificuldade para se alimentar, com perda de peso associada. Constatou-se perda tecidual e lesão lacerativa na região sublingual caudal de seu bico. A lesão foi corrigida por meio de sutura simples separada na região cranial do bico e posterior sutura em x com fio cirúrgico de aço, finalizando com aplicação de resina odontológica na região distal para realização de ponte de sustentação do bico. Após 12 dias, o animal conseguiu se alimentar novamente e se manteve perfeitamente adaptado à restauração, restabelecendo a função anatômica e fisiológica de seu bico.

Research Note: Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus spp. isolated from the eggshell of laying hens submitted to pharmacological treatment.

The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms isolated from eggshells, especially Enterococcus, might serve as a parameter to assess the selection of bacteria due to the use of drugs in the diet of laying hens. In order to evaluate the frequency and the antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus spp. isolated from the eggshells, 225 Hy-line laying hens were submitted to a 25-d long trial. The treatments were the following: hens fed ration without antimicrobials (control) and groups that received oxytetracycline (10 mg kg-1), doxycycline (20 mg kg-1), lincomycin (50 mg kg-1), and enrofloxacin (10 mg kg-1) in the ration for 5 d. Six replications were analyzed per treatment, composed of a pool of 5 eggs each. They were collected before treatment and on days 3, 6, 15, and 25, totaling 150 samples. Eggshells were submitted to counts of Enterococcus spp., which were identified by proteomic analyses. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by the disk-diffusion test. It was observed that 97.3% (n = 146) of the samples were contaminated with Enterococcus spp. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the bacterial counts between treatments on the same day of evaluation. E. faecalis and E. faecium were the most frequent on the eggshells of all treatments. Multiresistance to the four classes of antimicrobials was also verified in the isolated bacteria. A total of 83% of the Enterococcus isolates showed resistance to neomycin, which was not administered to the hens, demonstrating an environmental problem. Thus, feeding laying hens with diets added with antimicrobials induces drug resistance in Enterococcus spp., isolated form the eggshells.

Spiramyin-loaded PLGA implants for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis: development, characterization, biocompatibility, and anti-toxoplasma activity.

Ocular toxoplasmosis is the major cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide, inducing visual field defect and/or blindness. Despite the severity of this disease, an effective treatment is still lacking. In this study, spiramycin-loaded PLGA implants were developed aiming at the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Implants were manufactured by a hot-molding technique, characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy; evaluated in terms of ocular biocompatibility by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, cell migration, Hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) irritation test; and investigated in terms of in vitro efficacy against Toxoplasma gondii . Characterization techniques indicated that spiramycin was dispersed into the polymeric chains and both substances preserved their physical structures in implants. The HET-CAM test indicated that implants did not induce hemorrhage or coagulation, being non-irritant to the CAM. ARPE-19 cells showed viability by MTT assay, and normality in cell cycle kinetics and morphology, without stimulating cell death by apoptosis. Finally, they were highly effective against intracellular parasites without inducing human retinal pigment epithelial cell death. In conclusion, spiramycin-loaded PLGA implants represent a promising therapeutic alternative for the local treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis.

A laboratory evaluation of cell viability, radiopacity and tooth discoloration induced by regenerative endodontic materials.

AIM: To analyse the cytotoxicity, colour change and radiopacity of MTA Flow (MTA), UltraCal XS (UC) and Bio-C Temp (BT). METHODOLOGY: Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were placed in contact with several dilutions of culture media previously exposed to the experimental materials and tested for cell viability using MTT. Bovine teeth were prepared to simulate an open apex and to mimic extensive crown fracture. The roots were filled with a mixture of agar and blood, and the materials placed over this mixture. The control group consisted of teeth filled only with agar and blood. Colour assessment analyses were performed before and immediately after material insertion and repeated at 30, 45 and 60 days using a spectrophotometer. The total colour change (ΔEab , ΔE00 and whiteness index (WI)) was calculated based on the CIELAB colour space. Digital radiographs were acquired for radiopacity analysis. Cell viability was analysed by one-way anova, whilst differences in colour parameters (ΔEab , ΔE00 and WI) were assessed by two-way repeated measures anova (α = 0.05). Tukey's test was used to compare the experimental groups, and Dunnett's test was used to compare the experimental groups with the control group. RESULTS: MTA, UC and BT had similar cell viability to that of the control group (DMEM) (P > 0.05), except for the BT group at the 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 dilutions, which had significantly lower viability (P < 0.001). All materials were associated with discoloration values greater than what is considered to be the acceptable threshold, and BT resulted in less or similar tooth colour change than MTA and UC, respectively. Decreasing radiopacity over time was observed only in the MTA group (P = 0.007). Lower values of radiopacity were found in the BT group compared with the UC and MTA groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The new bioceramic material (BT) had acceptable cell viability, similar to that of MTA and UC at the highest dilutions, and BT resulted in less tooth colour change than MTA and UC. Despite its lower radiopacity, BT was identified radiographically.

Desenvolvimento de escore preditor de sucesso imediato e tardio pós valvoplastia mitral percutânea em pacientes portadores de estenose mitral / Development of early and late success predictor score after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in patients with mitral stenosis

INTRODUÇÃO: Os dados de resultados a longo prazo após valvoplastia mitral percutânea (VMP) em pacientes portadores de estenose mitral ainda são escassos e os sistemas de pontuação atuais têm limitações. Propomos um novo escore capaz de predizer sucesso imediato e tardio em pacientes elegíveis para o tratamento de estenose mitral por VMP, baseando-se nas análises de características ecocardiográficas, fatores clínicos e hemodinâmicos relevantes. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 1582 pacientes com estenose mitral grave que foram submetidos à VMP no período de agosto de 1987 a junho de 2011 em um único centro. O período de seguimento dos pacientes apresentou mediana de 8,3 anos, com um seguimento máximo de até 23 anos. O desfecho combinado foi composto de morte cardiovascular, nova VMP ou cirurgia para plastia/troca valvar mitral. Dois modelos estatísticos foram construídos para prever a sobrevivência imediata e de longo prazo livre de eventos. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 36,8±12,9 anos e houve prevalência do sexo feminino (86,4%). A maioria dos pacientes no momento da VMP apresentavam classe funcional New York Heart Associaton (NYHA) III (57,7%) e escore de Wilkins entre 9-11 (49,1%). Na análise multivariada para predição de sucesso imediato tiveram significância estatística a idade, tamanho de átrio esquerdo, gradiente transvalvar mitral médio e pontuação pelo escore de Wilkins. Para predição de sucesso tardio tiveram significância estatística idade, classe funcional, tamanho de átrio esquerdo e pontuação pelo escore de Wilkins. CONCLUSÃO: Na ampla população estudada tornou-se evidente que não somente o escore de Wilkins parece ter relevância na predição de sucesso imediato e tardio para os pacientes com estenose mitral reumática submetidos a VMP. Além de parâmetros ecocardiográficos, os parâmetros clínicos e hemodinâmicos também parecem contribuir de forma importante no sucesso imediato do procedimento, bem como no tempo livre de intervenções e mortalidade a longo prazo. (AU)

Association between biomechanical alterations and migratory ability of semaphorin-3A-treated thymocytes.

BACKGROUND: Class 3 semaphorins are soluble proteins involved in cell adhesion and migration. Semaphorin-3A (Sema3A) was initially shown to be involved in neuronal guidance, and it has also been reported to be associated with immune disorders. Both Sema3A and its receptors are expressed by most immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, and these proteins regulate cell function. Here, we studied the correlation between Sema3A-induced changes in biophysical parameters of thymocytes, and the subsequent repercussions on cell function. METHODS: Thymocytes from mice were treated in vitro with Sema3A for 30min. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to assess cell morphology. Atomic force microscopy was performed to further evaluate cell morphology, membrane roughness, and elasticity. Flow cytometry and/or fluorescence microscopy were performed to assess the F-actin cytoskeleton and ROCK2. Cell adhesion to a bovine serum albumin substrate and transwell migration assays were used to assess cell migration. RESULTS: Sema3A induced filopodia formation in thymocytes, increased membrane stiffness and roughness, and caused a cortical distribution of the cytoskeleton without changes in F-actin levels. Sema3A-treated thymocytes showed reduced substrate adhesion and migratory ability, without changes in cell viability. In addition, Sema3A was able to down-regulate ROCK2. CONCLUSIONS: Sema3A promotes cytoskeletal rearrangement, leading to membrane modifications, including increased stiffness and roughness. This effect in turn affects the adhesion and migration of thymocytes, possibly due to a reduction in ROCK2 expression. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Sema3A treatment impairs thymocyte migration due to biomechanical alterations in cell membranes.

Caracterização microbiológica de carcaças de frangos de corte produzidas no estado de Minas Gerais / Microbiological characterization of broiler carcasses produced in the state of Minas Gerais

In order to evaluate the microbiological quality of broiler chickens produced in Minas Gerais State, 240 samples of broiler carcasses from the five regions of the Minas Gerais State were collected, by official inspection services, for one year. The samples were submitted to counts of total and thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase-positive and negative Staphylococcus, besides Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, E.coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp. resource. The results showed the presence of total and thermotolerant coliforms in 34.2% and 13.5% of broiler carcasses evaluated, respectively. All tested samples were positive for Staphylococcus spp., 9.1% for Salmonella spp., 15.5% for Listeria monocytogenes, and 2.1% for Campylobacter spp. E.coli O157:H7 was not isolated from the samples.(AU)

Caracterização microbiológica de carcaças de frangos de corte produzidas no estado de Minas Gerais / Microbiological characterization of broiler carcasses produced in the state of Minas Gerais

In order to evaluate the microbiological quality of broiler chickens produced in Minas Gerais State, 240 samples of broiler carcasses from the five regions of the Minas Gerais State were collected, by official inspection services, for one year. The samples were submitted to counts of total and thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase-positive and negative Staphylococcus, besides Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, E.coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp. resource. The results showed the presence of total and thermotolerant coliforms in 34.2% and 13.5% of broiler carcasses evaluated, respectively. All tested samples were positive for Staphylococcus spp., 9.1% for Salmonella spp., 15.5% for Listeria monocytogenes, and 2.1% for Campylobacter spp. E.coli O157:H7 was not isolated from the samples.(AU)

Genetic diversity and relatedness between Canindé and British Alpine goat breeds in Northeastern Brazil accessed by microsatellite markers.

The aim of this study was to access the genetic diversity and relatedness between Canindé and British Alpine goat breeds in the States of Piauí and Ceará using microsatellite markers. Genomic DNA was isolated from hair samples of 99 goats belonging to six different flocks. A panel of polymorphic heterologous microsatellite loci was used to genotype individuals. The microsatellite markers resulted in a total number of 145 alleles, with an average of 8.5 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities were ≥0.687 and ≥0.627, respectively, for all loci. The polymorphic information content showed that all loci were highly informative with an overall mean of 0.757. Overall FST across all populations and loci was 18%, which was consistent with the coefficient of gene differentiation (GST = 0.104). AMOVA revealed that 12.8% of the variation was captured between breeds. The Bayesian STRUCTURE clustering detected the maximum likelihood for a model of two genetically distinct groups, in agreement with the number of predefined studied breeds and the two-dimensional plot from the PCoA analysis. The exotic British Alpine breed and the naturalized Brazilian Canindé breed were clearly differentiated by the microsatellite markers, indicating that these two breeds have distant genetic identities, despite the phenotypic similarity.

Influence of cutting room temperature on the microbiological quality of chicken breast meat / Influência da temperatura da sala de cortes sobre a qualidade microbiológica da carne de peito de frango

The temperature control in the processing room is one of the major factors associated with the production of safe food with a satisfactory microbiological quality. A total of 288 samples of skinless chicken breast meat were placed in a cutting room, subjected to four different temperatures (12ºC, 14ºC, 16ºC and 18ºC) and collected to evaluate the influence of the room temperature on the microbiological quality during the cutting and boning of chicken breasts. Aerobic mesophilic microorganisms were counted to evaluate the environmental contamination. In addition, coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC and Staphylococcus spp. were counted, and an analysis for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins and Salmonella spp. was performed to determine the microbiological quality of the meat. The results showed an increase in environmental contamination (P=0.01) with an increase in room temperature. However, no significant differences (P˃0.05) were observed in the meat cuts regarding the counts of coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, the count of Staphylococcus spp. and the presence of Salmonella spp. Moreover, no staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected in the samples analyzed. Thus, despite increasing the environmental contamination, the increase in the cutting room temperature did not affect the microbiological quality of the final product.(AU)

O controle da temperatura do ambiente de processamento é um dos principais fatores relacionados à produção de alimentos seguros e com qualidade microbiológica. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da temperatura ambiente durante o corte e a desossa da carne de frangos sobre a qualidade microbiológica dos produtos finais, foram coletadas 288 amostras de carne de peito de frango sem pele, obtidas em uma sala de cortes climatizada submetida a quatro diferentes temperaturas ambientes (12ºC, 14ºC, 16ºC e 18ºC). Para avaliação da contaminação ambiental, foi realizada a contagem de microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios e, para a avaliação da qualidade microbiológica da carne, foram realizadas a contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, a contagem de Staphylococcus spp., a pesquisa de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas e a pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram um aumento da contaminação ambiental (P=0,01) à medida que a temperatura da sala foi aumentada. Porém, nos cortes cárneos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P˃0,05) na contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, na contagem de Staphylococcus spp. e na pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Também não foi detectada a presença de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas nas amostras analisadas. Foi concluído que, apesar da elevação da contaminação ambiental, o aumento da temperatura ambiente da sala de cortes não comprometeu a qualidade microbiológica do produto final.(AU)

Antioxidant and haematological biomarkers in different groups of horses supplemented with polyunsaturated oil and vitamin E.

Oxidative stress has been correlated with pathologies that impair the performance of athlete horses. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with a mixture of polyunsaturated oil and vitamin E on the antioxidant and haematological biomarkers of horses. Horses under maintenance care (n = 6) and horses in training (n = 10) received 100 and 300 ml of the oil mixture respectively. Supplementation was provided for a period of 8 weeks, together with isocaloric inclusion. Blood samples were collected at three time periods (pretest, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks) to analyse the following: the red blood cell count (RBCc); haemoglobin (Hb); haematocrit (HT); leucocytes; lymphocytes; platelets; the mean corpuscular volume (MCV); the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC); the standard deviation of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW-SD); the coefficient of variation of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV); glutathione peroxidase (GPx); superoxide dismutase (SOD); uric acid (UrAc); total plasma proteins (TPP); and creatine kinase (CK). After the 8 weeks of supplementation, animals under maintenance care exhibited significant increases in SOD, UrAc, the white blood cell count (WBCc), the RDW-SD and the RDW-CV (p < 0.05). The animals in training exhibited increases in GPx, SOD and UrAc (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with polyunsaturated oil and vitamin E increases blood antioxidants among animals under maintenance and in training, with different trends, while contributing to the fight against oxidative stress in each group analysed.

Influence of cutting room temperature on the microbiological quality of chicken breast meat / Influência da temperatura da sala de cortes sobre a qualidade microbiológica da carne de peito de frango

The temperature control in the processing room is one of the major factors associated with the production of safe food with a satisfactory microbiological quality. A total of 288 samples of skinless chicken breast meat were placed in a cutting room, subjected to four different temperatures (12ºC, 14ºC, 16ºC and 18ºC) and collected to evaluate the influence of the room temperature on the microbiological quality during the cutting and boning of chicken breasts. Aerobic mesophilic microorganisms were counted to evaluate the environmental contamination. In addition, coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC and Staphylococcus spp. were counted, and an analysis for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins and Salmonella spp. was performed to determine the microbiological quality of the meat. The results showed an increase in environmental contamination (P=0.01) with an increase in room temperature. However, no significant differences (P˃0.05) were observed in the meat cuts regarding the counts of coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, the count of Staphylococcus spp. and the presence of Salmonella spp. Moreover, no staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected in the samples analyzed. Thus, despite increasing the environmental contamination, the increase in the cutting room temperature did not affect the microbiological quality of the final product.(AU)

O controle da temperatura do ambiente de processamento é um dos principais fatores relacionados à produção de alimentos seguros e com qualidade microbiológica. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da temperatura ambiente durante o corte e a desossa da carne de frangos sobre a qualidade microbiológica dos produtos finais, foram coletadas 288 amostras de carne de peito de frango sem pele, obtidas em uma sala de cortes climatizada submetida a quatro diferentes temperaturas ambientes (12ºC, 14ºC, 16ºC e 18ºC). Para avaliação da contaminação ambiental, foi realizada a contagem de microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios e, para a avaliação da qualidade microbiológica da carne, foram realizadas a contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, a contagem de Staphylococcus spp., a pesquisa de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas e a pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram um aumento da contaminação ambiental (P=0,01) à medida que a temperatura da sala foi aumentada. Porém, nos cortes cárneos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P˃0,05) na contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, na contagem de Staphylococcus spp. e na pesquisa de Salmonella spp. Também não foi detectada a presença de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas nas amostras analisadas. Foi concluído que, apesar da elevação da contaminação ambiental, o aumento da temperatura ambiente da sala de cortes não comprometeu a qualidade microbiológica do produto final.(AU)

Aminas bioativas e qualidade da carne de frangos de corte / Bioactive amines and meat quality of broiler chickens

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte mediante pesquisa dos níveis de aminas bioativas, foram coletadas, pelos serviços de inspeção oficiais, 160 amostras de carcaças provenientes de cinco regiões distintas do estado de Minas Gerais, durante o período de um ano. As poliaminas (espermidina e espermina) e as aminas biogênicas (putrescina, cadaverina, histamina, tiramina) foram pesquisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e detecção ultravioleta (CLAE/UV). Os resultados encontrados demonstraram a presença das poliaminas, espermidina e espermina, em todas as amostras, em concentrações médias de 3,56mg/100g e 5,72mg/100g, respectivamente. Em todas as amostras foram detectadas, em concentrações muito baixas, as aminas putrescina, cadaverina, histamina e tiramina. Foi concluído que a carne de frangos de corte produzida no estado de Minas Gerais é uma fonte de poliaminas, importantes para o crescimento e a proliferação celular, e que os baixos teores de aminas biogênicas encontrados não representam riscos à saúde do consumidor, indicando que esse tipo de carne apresenta boa qualidade, tomando por base o critério de aminas bioativas(AU)

In order to evaluate the meat quality of broiler chickens by searching the bioactive amines level, 160 samples of carcass from the five regions of the Minas Gerais State, were collected during one year by the official inspection service. The poliamines (spermidine and spermine) and the biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and tyramine) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV). The results demonstrated the presence of polyamines spermidine and spermine in all samples, at mean concentrations of 3.56mg/100g and 5.72mg/100g, respectively. The biogenic amines putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and tyramine were also found, but in low concentrations. It was concluded that the chicken broiler meat produced in Minas Gerais state is a source of polyamines, important for growth and cell proliferation; and that the biogenic amine levels found were low, and do not represent risks to consumer health, indicating that it has good quality, based on the criterion of bioactive amine(AU)

Aminas bioativas e qualidade da carne de frangos de corte / Bioactive amines and meat quality of broiler chickens

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da carne de frangos de corte mediante pesquisa dos níveis de aminas bioativas, foram coletadas, pelos serviços de inspeção oficiais, 160 amostras de carcaças provenientes de cinco regiões distintas do estado de Minas Gerais, durante o período de um ano. As poliaminas (espermidina e espermina) e as aminas biogênicas (putrescina, cadaverina, histamina, tiramina) foram pesquisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e detecção ultravioleta (CLAE/UV). Os resultados encontrados demonstraram a presença das poliaminas, espermidina e espermina, em todas as amostras, em concentrações médias de 3,56mg/100g e 5,72mg/100g, respectivamente. Em todas as amostras foram detectadas, em concentrações muito baixas, as aminas putrescina, cadaverina, histamina e tiramina. Foi concluído que a carne de frangos de corte produzida no estado de Minas Gerais é uma fonte de poliaminas, importantes para o crescimento e a proliferação celular, e que os baixos teores de aminas biogênicas encontrados não representam riscos à saúde do consumidor, indicando que esse tipo de carne apresenta boa qualidade, tomando por base o critério de aminas bioativas.

In order to evaluate the meat quality of broiler chickens by searching the bioactive amines level, 160 samples of carcass from the five regions of the Minas Gerais State, were collected during one year by the official inspection service. The poliamines (spermidine and spermine) and the biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and tyramine) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV). The results demonstrated the presence of polyamines spermidine and spermine in all samples, at mean concentrations of 3.56mg/100g and 5.72mg/100g, respectively. The biogenic amines putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and tyramine were also found, but in low concentrations. It was concluded that the chicken broiler meat produced in Minas Gerais state is a source of polyamines, important for growth and cell proliferation; and that the biogenic amine levels found were low, and do not represent risks to consumer health, indicating that it has good quality, based on the criterion of bioactive amine.

The recognition of Dendropsophus minusculus () (Hylidae, Dendropsophini) as a highly polymorphic, multi-domain distributed species / O reconhecimento de Dendropsophus minusculus () (Hylidae, Dendropsophini) como espécie polimórfica e de ocorrência em distintos domínios morfoclimáticos

Herein we present new occurrences of sites of Dendropsophus minusculus in Brazil adding information about reproductive biology and colour patterns of the species. Such information is fundamental for characterising the species that we believe has been neglected due to its morphological similarity with other congeneric species. Dendropsophus minusculus may be found in different morphoclimatic domains, being one of the most generalist species of the genus in this aspect. The species plasticity is not restricted to its occurrence, but also related to aspects of its reproductive biology, and we hypothesised that the latter feature could explain the wide geographical range of the species. We highlight the importance of further in-depth studies and the use of D. minusculus as a model to understand the historical events responsible for the current geographical distribution of the morphoclimatic domains in Brazil.(AU)

No presente estudo relatamos novos locais de ocorrência para Dendropsophus minusculus no Brasil e acrescentamos informações sobre a biologia reprodutiva e padrões de coloração da espécie. Essas informações são de fundamental importância para a caracterização da espécie, que acreditamos ter sido negligênciada em virtude de sua semelhança morfológica com outras espécies congenéricas. Dendropsophus minusculus pode ser encontrada em diversos domínios morfoclimáticos, sendo, neste aspecto, uma das espécies mais generalistas de seu gênero. A plasticidade da espécie não se restringe a sua ocupação territorial, mas também a aspectos relativos a sua biologia reprodutiva e especulamos que esta seja a razão de sua amplitude territorial. Destacamos ainda a importância de estudos mais aprofundados e o uso da espécie como modelo para o entendimento de eventos pretéritos responsáveis pela distribuição de domínios morfoclimáticos no Brasil.(AU)

Adição de óleo de palma na dieta sobre a lipidemia e a qualidade do sêmen de bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis) / Addition of palm oil to diet on serum lipid profile and seminal quality of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

O estudo visou investigar o efeito da suplementação dietética com óleo de palma sobre o perfil sérico lipídico e as características seminais de touros bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis), bem como suas correlações. Doze touros foram alocados no Grupo CONT (n=5) ou Grupo ÓLEO (n=7) e receberam alimentação isoproteica composta por silagem de milho e concentrado (milho triturado, farelo de trigo e ureia), com proporção volumoso/concentrado de 50%, durante 130 dias (Períodos 1 e 2). Diferencialmente, óleo de palma foi adicionado ao concentrado (2% MS) do Grupo ÓLEO. Sêmen e sangue foram colhidos quinzenalmente. Houve aumento nas concentrações séricas de colesterol, HDL e lipídios totais nos animais do Grupo ÓLEO, enquanto o período influenciou nas taxas de colesterol, LDL, lipídios totais e VLDL (P<0,05). Houve decréscimo no turbilhonamento e discreta redução na integridade de membranas nos animais do Grupo ÓLEO (P<0,05). Correlações significativas foram encontradas entre triglicerídeos e defeitos menores (r=-0,412; P=0,006), LDL e defeitos totais (r=-0,333; P=0,030), lipídios totais e defeitos menores (r=-0.366; P= 0,017), lipídios totais e defeitos totais (r=-0.309; P= 0,046), e VLDL e viabilidade espermática (r=0,381; P=0,012), apontando efeitos positivos da maior lipidemia na morfologia e na viabilidade espermática. O uso de óleo de palma alterou o perfil lipídico sérico, mas não favoreceu per se os parâmetros seminais relacionados com o potencial de fertilidade dos touros.(AU)

The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with palm oil on serum lipid profile, the seminal characteristics of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and the correlations between them. Twelve bulls were divided into Group CONT (n = 5) or Group OIL (n = 7). Animals in both groups were fed with isoproteic diets composed of corn silage and concentrated (ground corn, wheat bran and urea), with 50% forage/concentrate ratio, during 130 days (Periods 1 and 2). Palm oil (2%DM) was added to diet offered to Group OIL. Semen and blood samples were collected every two weeks. Increased serum levels of cholesterol, HDL and total lipids were observed for Group OIL, while the period influenced on cholesterol, LDL, total lipids and VLDL (P<0,05). Treatment decreased gross motility (P<0.05) and slightly reduced sperm membrane integrity (P<0.05) in animals of Group OIL. There were significant correlations between triglycerides and minor defects (r=-0.412, P=0.006), LDL and total defects (r=-0.333, P=0.030), total lipids and minor defects (r=-0.366, P=0.017), VLDL and spermatic viability (r=0.381, P=0.012), and total lipids and totals defects (r=-0.309, P=0.046), highlighting positive effects of higher lipid serum levels on sperm morphology and viability. The incorporation of palm oil in the diet altered the serum lipid profile, but it showed no positive effect on seminal parameters related to the potential of bull fertility.(AU)

Adição de óleo de palma na dieta sobre a lipidemia e a qualidade do sêmen de bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis) / Addition of palm oil to diet on serum lipid profile and seminal quality of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

O estudo visou investigar o efeito da suplementação dietética com óleo de palma sobre o perfil sérico lipídico e as características seminais de touros bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis), bem como suas correlações. Doze touros foram alocados no Grupo CONT (n=5) ou Grupo ÓLEO (n=7) e receberam alimentação isoproteica composta por silagem de milho e concentrado (milho triturado, farelo de trigo e ureia), com proporção volumoso/concentrado de 50%, durante 130 dias (Períodos 1 e 2). Diferencialmente, óleo de palma foi adicionado ao concentrado (2% MS) do Grupo ÓLEO. Sêmen e sangue foram colhidos quinzenalmente. Houve aumento nas concentrações séricas de colesterol, HDL e lipídios totais nos animais do Grupo ÓLEO, enquanto o período influenciou nas taxas de colesterol, LDL, lipídios totais e VLDL (P<0,05). Houve decréscimo no turbilhonamento e discreta redução na integridade de membranas nos animais do Grupo ÓLEO (P<0,05). Correlações significativas foram encontradas entre triglicerídeos e defeitos menores (r=-0,412; P=0,006), LDL e defeitos totais (r=-0,333; P=0,030), lipídios totais e defeitos menores (r=-0.366; P= 0,017), lipídios totais e defeitos totais (r=-0.309; P= 0,046), e VLDL e viabilidade espermática (r=0,381; P=0,012), apontando efeitos positivos da maior lipidemia na morfologia e na viabilidade espermática. O uso de óleo de palma alterou o perfil lipídico sérico, mas não favoreceu per se os parâmetros seminais relacionados com o potencial de fertilidade dos touros.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with palm oil on serum lipid profile, the seminal characteristics of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and the correlations between them. Twelve bulls were divided into Group CONT (n = 5) or Group OIL (n = 7). Animals in both groups were fed with isoproteic diets composed of corn silage and concentrated (ground corn, wheat bran and urea), with 50% forage/concentrate ratio, during 130 days (Periods 1 and 2). Palm oil (2%DM) was added to diet offered to Group OIL. Semen and blood samples were collected every two weeks. Increased serum levels of cholesterol, HDL and total lipids were observed for Group OIL, while the period influenced on cholesterol, LDL, total lipids and VLDL (P<0,05). Treatment decreased gross motility (P<0.05) and slightly reduced sperm membrane integrity (P<0.05) in animals of Group OIL. There were significant correlations between triglycerides and minor defects (r=-0.412, P=0.006), LDL and total defects (r=-0.333, P=0.030), total lipids and minor defects (r=-0.366, P=0.017), VLDL and spermatic viability (r=0.381, P=0.012), and total lipids and totals defects (r=-0.309, P=0.046), highlighting positive effects of higher lipid serum levels on sperm morphology and viability. The incorporation of palm oil in the diet altered the serum lipid profile, but it showed no positive effect on seminal parameters related to the potential of bull fertility.

The recognition of Dendropsophus minusculus (Rivero, 1971) (Hylidae, Dendropsophini) as a highly polymorphic, multi-domain distributed species.

Herein we present new occurrences of sites of Dendropsophus minusculus in Brazil adding information about reproductive biology and colour patterns of the species. Such information is fundamental for characterising the species that we believe has been neglected due to its morphological similarity with other congeneric species. Dendropsophus minusculus may be found in different morphoclimatic domains, being one of the most generalist species of the genus in this aspect. The species plasticity is not restricted to its occurrence, but also related to aspects of its reproductive biology, and we hypothesised that the latter feature could explain the wide geographical range of the species. We highlight the importance of further in-depth studies and the use of D. minusculus as a model to understand the historical events responsible for the current geographical distribution of the morphoclimatic domains in Brazil.