ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Neto, SLdA, Herrera, JJB, Rosa, TS, de Almeida, SS, Silva, GCB, Ferreira, CES, dos Santos, MAP, Silvino, VO, de Melo, GF. Interaction between ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (-9/+9) polymorphisms and endurance phenotypes in Brazilian long-distance swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1591-1595, 2022-This study investigated the interactions between the polymorphisms ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (-9/+9) and their association with endurance phenotypes in Brazilian long-distance swimmers. Twenty-six volunteers (aged 18-30 years) were divided into 2 groups as follows: 19 subelite athletes formed the pool swimming experts (PSE: 400-1500 m) group and 7 elite athletes the open water swimming experts (OWSE: 5-25 km) group. ACTN3 (R577X), ACE (I/D), and BDKRB2 (-9/+9) polymorphisms were genotyped through polymerase chain reaction. A nonathletes control (CON) group derived from studies with the Brazilian population was created. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (X2) was observed in all groups. The total genotype score (TGS) associated with endurance phenotypes was used in this study. A significance level was established at p ≤ 0.05. PSE and CON groups had very similar genotyping distribution. The OWSE group had a greater frequency for the genotypes XX (57.1%), ID (57.1%), and the alleles X (71.4%) and I (57.2%) than CON and PSE groups (XX = 21.1 and 21.1%; ID = 47.1 and 52.6% [p > 0.05]; X = 44.0 and 42.1%; I = 45.3 and 42.1%, respectively). Considering BDKRB2, OWSE and PSE groups had a greater frequency of +9/+9 than the CON group (42.9% and 31.6 vs. 27.5%, respectively). Although the expected genotypic distribution was not verified among athletes, the TGS revealed small supremacy of 3-5 typical alleles in the OWSE group (54.8 ± 26.7%) compared with the PSE group (41.2 ± 17.8%) (p = 0.072; confidence interval = 95%; effect size = 0.95). The OWSE group seem to have benefited from the best genotype profile verified for ACTN3 and ACE. However, the results of this work should be approached with caution because of the small number of athletes and polymorphisms assessed.
Subject(s)
Actinin , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A , Actinin/genetics , Brazil , Genotype , Humans , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Phenotype , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o (VO2máx) de militares com testes indiretos de 1600m (ALMEIDA et al., 2010) e 12min (COOPER,1968). Participaram 49 militares masculinos, aptos fisicamente, média de idade de 25,6 ±3,10 anos, IMC 23 ±1,4 Kg.m2, selecionados aleatoriamente. O (VO2máx) foi mensurado através das equações de Cooper e Almeida após os testes; coletados e analisados os parâmetros fisiológicos: frequência cardíaca, glicemia e lactato pré e pós-testes e percepção subjetiva do esforço ao final. Observou-se grande fidedignidade entre eles, sendo o valor do (VO2máx) de 1600m (43,63±3,21) superior ao de 12min (39,42±4,18), mostrando aumento significativo (p<0,0001), atribuída à potência de exercício desenvolvida durante o teste, que pode ser observada nos valores de lactato no de 1600m. A prova de 1600m, mostrou-se como uma alternativa eficaz na mensuração do (VO2máx) em militares, portanto sendo uma medida indireta de baixo custo e fácil uso e de grande valia sua aplicabilidade nas Instituições Militares.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the (VO2máx), in indirect tests of 1600m (Almeida et al., 2010) and 12 min (Cooper, 1968). 49 physically fit military aged 25.6±3.10 years, BMI23±1.4 kg.m2, where randomly chosen according to the inclusion criteria of the research took part of it. The (VO2máx) was measured through COOPER and Almeida equations after the tests of 1600m and 12min run, collected and analyzed physiological parameters of cardiac frequency glycemia and lactate were collected before and after the tests. Besides, the subjective perception of effort at the end of each test was evaluated. Through the physiological parameters, it could be observed a great reliability between the 1600m and 12min run tests, in which the (vo2máx) value in the former (43.63±3.21) was higher than in the latter test (39.42±4.18), showing a significant incriase (p<0.0001), attributed to the power developedduring the exercise test, which can be observed for lactate in the 1600m. The 1600m test, proved to be an effective alternative in measuring (vo2máx) in milytary, being an indirect measure of cost and ease of use and great value for their applicability in the military institutions.
