Effects of pre-heating on physical-mechanical-chemical properties of contemporary resin composites.

This research assessed the effects of pre-heating on the physical-mechanical-chemical properties of different resin composites. For this, resin composites were evaluated in 6 levels: Admira/ADM, Vitra/VIT, Filtek Supreme/FS, Filtek Supreme Flowable/FSF, Filtek One/FO, and Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable/FBF; temperature was evaluated in 4 levels using a composite heater: room temperature/22 ºC, 37 ºC, 54 ºC, and 68 ºC. Response variables were: degree of conversion/DC, flexural strength/FS and color stability/ΔE (immediately after light curing/LC, after 7 days of dark-dry-storage, and after 24 h and 3 days of artificial aging in water at 60 ºC). Data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA (DC and FR) and 3-way repeated measurements ANOVA (ΔE), all followed by Tukey's test (α = 5%). DC were similar (FBF, FS, and FSF) or increased (ADM, FO, and VIT) as the temperature increased. Results of FR were unchanged or increased for all composites except VIT and ADM. High-viscosity composites (VIT and FS) showed higher FR values than low-viscosity composite (FSF). For bulk-fill composites, FBF and FO showed similar results, but lower than high-viscosity composites. Results of color stability showed acceptable values up to 3 days aging except for ADM and FSF. ΔE was not influenced by pre-heating and, overall, ΔE: FS < VIT < FO < FSF < ADM < FBF. Only VIT and FS showed ΔE ≤ 3.3 (clinical threshold). Therefore, the effects of pre-heating depend on the material. The tested materials generally showed similar or enhanced properties after pre-heating (except ADM and VIT).

Persistence of symptoms and lung function in mild cases of COVID-19 six months after infection: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To describe persistent symptoms and lung function in mild cases of COVID-19 six months after infection. METHODS: Data collection was performed through a semi-structured questionnaire containing information on the participants' demographic and anthropometric data, the disease in the acute phase, and persistent symptoms six months after COVID-19 using spirometry and manovacuometry. RESULTS: A total of 136 participants were evaluated, of whom 64% were male, with a mean age of 38.17 ± 14.08 years and a body mass index (BMI) of 29.71 ± 17.48 kg/m2. The main persistent symptoms reported were dyspnea on exertion (39.7%), memory loss (38.2%), and anxiety (48.5%). Considering lung function, the participants reached 88.87 ± 17.20% of the predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), 86.03 ± 22.01% of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and 62.71 ± 25.04% of peak expiratory flow (PEF). Upon manovacuometry, 97.41 ± 34.67% of the predicted inspiratory force (Pimax) and 66.86 ± 22.97% of the predicted expiratory force (Pemax) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Six months after COVID-19 infection, a reduction in PEF and MEP was observed. Among the most commonly reported persistent symptoms were fatigue, tiredness with the slightest exertion, anxiety and depression, memory loss, and deficits in concentration.

Discovery of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) inhibitors.

The dual-specificity protein kinase MKK3 has been implicated in tumor cell proliferation and survival, yet its precise role in cancer remains inconclusive. A critical step in elucidating the kinase's involvement in disease biology is the identification of potent, cell-permeable kinase inhibitors. Presently, MKK3 lacks a dedicated tool compound for these purposes, along with validated methods for the facile screening, identification, and optimization of inhibitors. In this study, we have developed a TR-FRET-based enzymatic assay for the detection of MKK3 activity in vitro and a BRET-based assay to assess ligand binding to this enzyme within intact human cells. These assays were instrumental in identifying hit compounds against MKK3 that share a common chemical scaffold, sourced from a library of bioactive kinase inhibitors. Initial hits were subsequently expanded through the synthesis of novel analogs. The resulting structure-activity relationship (SAR) was rationalized using molecular dynamics simulations against a homology model of MKK3. We expect our findings to expedite the development of novel, potent, selective, and bioactive inhibitors, thus facilitating investigations into MKK3's role in various cancers.

Persistence of symptoms and lung function in mild cases of COVID-19 six months after infection: a cross-sectional study / Persistência de sintomas e função pulmonar em casos leves de COVID-19 seis meses após a infecção: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objectives: To describe persistent symptoms and lung function in mild cases of COVID-19 six months after infection. Methods: Data collection was performed through a semi-structured questionnaire containing information on the participants' demographic and anthropometric data, the disease in the acute phase, and persistent symptoms six months after COVID-19 using spirometry and manovacuometry. Results: A total of 136 participants were evaluated, of whom 64% were male, with a mean age of 38.17 ± 14.08 years and a body mass index (BMI) of 29.71 ± 17.48 kg/m2. The main persistent symptoms reported were dyspnea on exertion (39.7%), memory loss (38.2%), and anxiety (48.5%). Considering lung function, the participants reached 88.87 ± 17.20% of the predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), 86.03 ± 22.01% of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and 62.71 ± 25.04% of peak expiratory flow (PEF). Upon manovacuometry, 97.41 ± 34.67% of the predicted inspiratory force (Pimax) and 66.86 ± 22.97% of the predicted expiratory force (Pemax) were observed. Conclusions: Six months after COVID-19 infection, a reduction in PEF and MEP was observed. Among the most commonly reported persistent symptoms were fatigue, tiredness with the slightest exertion, anxiety and depression, memory loss, and deficits in concentration.

RESUMO Objetivos: Descrever os sintomas persistentes e a função pulmonar em casos leves de COVID-19 seis meses após a infecção. Métodos: A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário semiestruturado contendo informações sobre dados demográficos e antropométricos dos participantes, a doença na fase aguda e os sintomas persistentes seis meses após a COVID-19, utilizando espirometria e manovacuometria. Resultados: Um total de 136 participantes foram avaliados, dos quais 64% eram do sexo masculino, com uma idade média de 38,17 ± 14,08 anos e índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 29,71 ± 17,48 kg/m2. Os principais sintomas persistentes relatados foram dispneia ao esforço (39,7%), perda de memória (38,2%) e ansiedade (48,5%). Considerando a função pulmonar, os participantes atingiram 88,87 ± 17,20% da capacidade vital forçada (CVF) prevista, 86,03 ± 22,01% do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) e 62,71 ± 25,04% do pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE). Na manovacuometria, observou-se 97,41 ± 34,67% da força inspiratória prevista (Pimáx) e 66,86 ± 22,97% da força expiratória prevista (Pemáx). Conclusões: Seis meses após a infecção por COVID-19, observou-se uma redução no PFE e na PEM. Dentre os sintomas persistentes mais comumente relatados estavam fadiga, cansaço com o mínimo esforço, ansiedade e depressão, perda de memória e déficits de concentração.

Improved protocol for Bst polymerase and reverse transcriptase production and application to a point-of-care diagnostics system.

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised awareness in the scientific community about the importance of being prepared for sanitary emergencies. Many measures implemented during the COVID pandemic are now being expanded to other applications. In the field of molecular and immunological diagnostics, the need to massively test the population worldwide resulted in the application of a variety of methods to detect viral infection. Besides gold standard reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the use of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) arose as an alternative and sensitive method to amplify and detect viral genetic material. We have used openly available protocols and have improved the protein production of RT-LAMP enzymes Bst polymerase and HIV-reverse transcriptase. To optimize enzyme production, we tested different protein tags, and we shortened the protein purification protocol, resulting in reduced processing time and handling of the enzymes and, thus, preserved the protein activity with high purity. The enzymes showed significant stability at 4 °C and 25 °C, over 60 days, and were highly reliable when used as a one-step RT-LAMP reaction in a portable point-of-care device with clinical samples. The enzymes and the reaction setup can be further expanded to detect other infectious diseases agents.

Ensino da ciência na enfermagem: desafios do aprender pela pesquisa no contexto da graduação / Teaching science in nursing: challenges of learning through research in the undergraduate context

A dinâmica dos tempos reitera o desafio de as profissões se manterem atualizadas diante das demandas que solicitam dos profissionais, conhecimentos para o enfrentamento dos problemas sociais e para elevar a qualidade de vida e bem-estar das pessoas. Nesse sentido, é na sua capacidade de adaptação e de provisão de respostas requeridas diante das incertezas que se descortinam na cinemática das mudanças sociopolíticas; nas iniquidades sociais; nas vicissitudes biológicas, conforme observado na pandemia da COVID-19, que uma profissão se mantém viva e fortalecida no decurso da história. Todavia, tal flexibilidade adaptativa requer vigilância ontológica para que a identidade de uma profissão não pereça diante dos movimentos globais da ciência, pois sendo também políticos, tais movimentos revelam interesses capazes de projetar saberes hegemônicos e de segregar saberes emergentes. Por essa razão, a Enfermagem, que é profissão, disciplina acadêmica e ciência em desenvolvimento, deve ser compreendida à luz de sua ontologia para uma identidade epistemológica delimitada nas ciências do impreciso e afins. Logo, há que ser concebida como área de conhecimento cujas especificidades requerem domínios metodológicos que contemplem a natureza disciplinar da profissão, sem que isso rotule a Enfermagem como ciência subdesenvolvida.

The dynamics of the times reiterate the challenge for the professions to keep up to date in the face of the demands that require knowledge from professionals to face social problems and improve people's quality of life and well-being. Therefore, it is in their ability to adapt and to provide the required responses to the uncertainties that are revealed in the aspects of sociopolitical changes, social inequities, and biological changes, as observed in the COVID-19 pandemic, that a profession is kept alive and strengthened in the course of history. However, such adaptive flexibility requires ontological vigilance so that the identity of a profession does not perish before the global movements of science, since being political as well, such movements reveal interests capable of projecting hegemonic knowledge and segregating emerging knowledge. For this reason, Nursing, which is a profession, academic discipline, and science in development, must be understood according to its ontology for an epistemological identity delimited in the sciences of the imprecise and related fields. Therefore, it must be conceived as an area of knowledge whose specificities require methodological domains that contemplate the disciplinary nature of the profession, without this labeling Nursing as an underdeveloped Science

Habilidades sociais na especialidade da enfermagem em oncologia: estudo qualitativo / Social skills in the nursing specialty in oncology: qualitative study / Habilidades sociales en la especialidad de enfermería en oncología: estudio cualitativo

Objetivo: compreender o significado das habilidades sociais atribuído por enfermeiros especialistas em enfermagem em oncologia. Método: estudo qualitativo, exploratório, que aplicou a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e o Interacionismo Simbólico. Participaram 14 enfermeiros de um dos grupos amostrais, especialistas em oncologia, de hospital oncológico. Aplicamos a entrevista semiestruturada, on-line, de maio de 2021 a dezembro de 2022. A análise seguiu a codificação aberta, axial e integração, e aplicamos o paradigma da codificação. Resultados: a categoria paradigmática 'condição do fenômeno' é apresentada face o aspecto semântico e de reconhecimento da aplicação das habilidades sociais. A categoria Percepções e significados das habilidades sociais para enfermeiros oncologistas alicerçou-se nas subcategorias: reagindo ao termo, e atribuindo significados e valores às habilidades sociais na especialidade da enfermagem em oncologia. Conclusão: os enfermeiros reconhecem as habilidades sociais e sua importância na oncologia. Desse modo, reitera-se a importância da articulação teórico-prático para qualificar a prática na oncologia(AU)

Objective: to understand the meaning of social skills attributed by specialist nurses in oncology nursing. Method: a qualitative, exploratory study, which applied Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism. The participants were 14 nurses from one of the sample groups, specialists in oncology, from an oncological hospital. We applied semi-structured interviews, online, from May 2021 to December 2022. The analysis followed open, axial, and integration coding, and the coding paradigm. Results: we present the paradigm condition category, given the semantic aspect and recognition of the application of social skills. The category Perceptions and meanings of social skills for oncology nurses was based on the subcategories: reacting to the term, and attributing meanings and values to social skills in the specialty of nursing in oncology. Conclusion: nurses recognize social skills and their importance in oncology. We reinforce the importance of theoretical-practical articulation to qualify the practice in oncology(AU)

Objetivo: comprender el significado de las habilidades sociales atribuido por enfermeros especialistas en enfermería oncológica. Método: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, que aplicó la Teoría Fundamentada y el Interaccionismo Simbólico. 14 enfermeros, expertos en oncología, participaron en uno de los grupos de muestreo de un hospital oncológico. Aplicamos entrevistas semiestructuradas, en línea, de mayo de 2021 a diciembre de 2022. El análisis siguió la codificación abierta, axial y de integración, y aplicamos el paradigma de la codificación. Resultados: se presentó la categoría paradigmática 'condición del fenómeno' ante el aspecto semántico y de reconocimiento de la aplicación de habilidades sociales. La categoría 'Percepciones y significados de las habilidades sociales para enfermeros de oncología' se basó en las subcategorías: reaccionando al término y atribuyendo significados y valores a las habilidades sociales en la especialidad de enfermería en oncología. Conclusión: los enfermeros reconocen las habilidades sociales y su importancia en la oncología. Siendo así, reforzamos la importancia de la articulación teórico-práctica para cualificar la práctica en oncología(AU)

Synthesis and virucide activity on zika virus of 1,2,3-triazole-containing vanillin derivatives.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus and belongs to the Flaviviridae family and Flavivirus genus, with dissemination in the Americas. In Brazil, the predominant strain is the Asian, promoting outbreaks that started in 2015 and are directly related to microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Recently, researchers identified a new African strain circulating in Brazil at the mid-end of 2018 and the beginning of 2019, with the potential to originate a new epidemic. To date, there is no approved vaccine or drug for the treatment of Zika syndrome, and the development of therapeutic alternatives to treat it is of relevance. A critical approach is to use natural products when searching for new chemical agents to treat Zika syndrome. The present investigation describes the preparation of a series of 1,2,3-triazoles derived from the natural product vanillin and the evaluation of their virucide activity. A series of fourteen derivatives were prepared via alkylation of vanillin followed by CuAAC (the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) reaction. The compounds were fully characterized by infrared (I.R.), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) techniques. The cytotoxicity of Vero cells and the effect on the Zika Virus of the vanillin derivatives were evaluated. It was found that the most effective compound corresponded to 4-((1-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (8) (EC50 = 27.14 µM, IC50 = 334.9 µM). Subsequent assessments, namely pre and post-treatment assays, internalization and adsorption inhibition assays, kinetic, electronic microscopy analyses, and zeta potential determination, revealed that compound 8 blocks the Zika virus infection in vitro by acting on the viral particle. A molecular docking study was performed, and the results are also discussed.

Different surface treatment strategies on etchable CAD-CAM materials: Part 1-Effect on the surface morphology.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Polymer-based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials have either a high content of ceramic filler particles or a ceramic network structure. Proper etching of these materials is challenging. Therefore, it is relevant to assess different surface etching strategies and morphological alterations as a result of these techniques. PURPOSE: The purpose of this 2-part in vitro study was to evaluate different etching strategies on the surface roughness and its relationship to the surface contact angle with a subsequent morphological characterization of different CAD-CAM materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two CAD-CAM polymer-based materials and 1 CAD-CAM ceramic material were selected for this study. The materials were treated with different strategies, including a combination of airborne-particle abrasion and an application of 9% hydrofluoric acid etching. After the surface treatment, roughness measurements (Sa) were assessed by using an optical profilometer on an area of 1.47 mm2. Subsequently, the contact angle on the surface was examined by means of the sessile drop technique and an optical contact angle meter. The data were analyzed by using a 2-way analysis of variance, the post hoc Tukey test (α=.05), and the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The 3 materials tested showed an increase in surface roughness when treated with surface airborne-particle abrasion. However, the materials with polymer in their composition concomitantly increased the contact angle. More hydrophilic surfaces were observed when hydrofluoric acid was applied, regardless of the composition of the materials. The surface roughness presented a strong positive linear tendency in the surface treatments used. CONCLUSIONS: The application of airborne-particle abrasion on the surface of the polymer-based CAD-CAM materials increased the roughness and contact angle. However, the application of acid etching after the airborne-particle abrasion decreased the contact angle for polymer-based CAD-CAM materials, resulting in considerable enhancement of the surface quality for proper bonding.

Different surface treatment strategies on etchable CAD-CAM materials: Part II-Effect on the bond strength.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Bonding to recently launched polymer-based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials has been challenging. Evidence regarding etching strategies for dual-phase CAD-CAM materials is sparse, but adequate bonding is crucial for the clinical success and longevity of a restoration. PURPOSE: The purpose of this 2-part in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of surface treatment strategies on the microshear bond strength and work of adhesion of polymer-based and ceramic materials. In addition, chemical elements present on the surface and the interface morphology after using those strategies were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two CAD-CAM polymer and 1 CAD-CAM ceramic materials were selected for this in vitro study. The materials were subjected to different surface treatment strategies, including airborne-particle abrasion and the application of 9% hydrofluoric acid. Specimens were submitted to microshear bond strength before and after thermocycling, and the failure mode was classified. The work of adhesion was calculated based on the water-to-air surface tension of 72.8 mN.m-1 and the Young- Dupré equation. The surfaces were submitted to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the interfaces were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS: The highest microshear bond strength means were observed for the polymer-based materials when hydrofluoric acid or airborne-particle abrasion was applied. The 3 materials tested showed a decrease in microshear bond strength after thermocycling, except for applying airborne-particle abrasion to 1 of the polymer-based material tested. The ceramic material tested showed a high microshear bond strength with the application of airborne-particle abrasion and hydrofluoric acid combined. The work of adhesion varied across the materials and presented high means when hydrofluoric acid was used. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of airborne-particle abrasion plus hydrofluoric acid should be considered for polymer-based or feldspathic ceramic CAD-CAM materials. In this in vitro study, both etching procedures combined produced higher bonding values for all materials tested.

Perenniality of brazilian nursing journals: recovery and reaffirmation of the journals' social commitment to science / Perpetuidad de las revistas científicas de enfermería brasileñas: recuperación y reafirmación del compromiso social de las revistas con la ciencia / Perenidade dos periódicos brasileiros de enfermagem: resgate e reafirmação do compromisso social da ciência

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect upon the challenges that permeate the development and perenniality of nursing journals published in Brazil for becoming entities at the service of the scientific community and heritage of the history of science for future generations. Method: the reflective method grounded on the principles of complexity and pertinent literature was adopted. Results: the perennial commitment to scientific publishing emerged as the starting point for this reflection; hence, the role played by sponsoring institutions as the guardians of scientific journals, the need for investments, and to valorize the management, professionalization, and internationalization of the editorial team are emphasized, along with the ability to expand communication breaking paradigms in the connections between science and society. Conclusion: this reflection is expected to reaffirm the concept of scientific periodicals being perennial devices and, thus, survive the dynamics of time amidst the challenges science faces worldwide. In this sense, it indicates the importance of institutions supporting scientific journals as a condition to ensure their perenniality.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre los desafíos relacionados al desarrollo y la perpetuidad de las revistas de enfermería publicadas en Brasil, considerándolas como entidades al servicio de la comunidad científica actual y patrimonio de la historia de la ciencia para las generaciones futuras. Método: Se utilizó el método reflexivo, con base en principios de complejidad y en la literatura pertinente al objeto de reflexión. Resultados: El compromiso perenne por la publicación científica surgió como punto de partida de una reflexión que destaca la importancia de las instituciones patrocinadoras como guardianas de las revistas científicas; la necesidad de inversiones y potenciación de la gestión, profesionalización e internacionalización del equipo editorial; la capacidad de expandir la comunicación rompiendo paradigmas en las conexiones entre ciencia y sociedad. Conclusión: esta reflexión puede contribuir a reafirmar el concepto de las revistas científicas como dispositivos que deben diseñarse en una perspectiva perenne y que, por tanto, sobrevivan a la dinámica de los tiempos en medio de los desafíos de la ciencia global. En este sentido, señala la importancia de las instituciones que mantienen las revistas como condición para garantizar su perpetuidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre os desafios que permeiam o desenvolvimento e perenidade dos periódicos de enfermagem, editados no Brasil, tomando-os como entidades à serviço da comunidade científica atual e patrimônio da história da ciência para as gerações vindouras. Método: utilizou-se do método reflexivo, ancorado em princípios da complexidade e na literatura pertinente ao objeto da reflexão. Resultados: a perenidade do compromisso com a editoração científica emergiu como ponto de partida para a reflexão que destaca a importância das instituições mantenedoras como guardiãs dos periódicos científicos; a necessidade de investimentos e valorização da gestão, profissionalização e internacionalização da equipe editorial; a capacidade de ampliar a comunicação rompendo paradigmas nas conexões entre ciência e sociedade. Conclusão: esta reflexão poderá contribuir para reafirmar o conceito dos periódicos científicos como dispositivos que devem ser projetados em uma perspectiva perene e que, portanto, sobreviva à dinâmica dos tempos em meio aos desafios da ciência global. Nesse sentido, aponta para a importância das instituições mantenedoras dos periódicos como condição para garantia de sua perenidade.

Mulheres violentadas: caracterização dos casos registrados no estado do Maranhão/Brasil, 2011-2019 / Violence against women: characterization of cases registered in the state of Maranhão/Brazil, 2011-2019

A violência contra a mulher é considerada um problema de saúde pública em decorrência de sua magnitude e transcendência no mundo. Assim, estudos sobre a temática são relevantes para subsidiar a articulação de ações de prevenção, redução dos casos e atenção às vítimas. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os casos de violência contra a mulher no estado do Maranhão, no período de 2011 a 2019. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, transversal, ecológica e com abordagem quantitativa, realizada a partir de dados secundários de notificações de violência contra mulheres em idade reprodutiva (10 a 49 anos), obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram registrados 12.275 casos no estado, com predomínio dos episódios de vitimização entre mulheres na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (n=3.863; 31,5%), na raça parda (n= 8.883; 72,4%) e com escolaridade entre a 5º e 8ª série do ensino fundamental (n= 3.200; 26,1%). Verificou-se o predomínio de violência contra a mulher perpetrada de repetição (n= 4.784; 39,0%), com ocorrência na residência da vítima (n= 8.374; 68,2%), sendo praticada sobretudo na forma de violência física (n= 8.239; 67,1%) e tendo parceiro íntimo como principal perpetrador. Além disso, notou-se um número elevado de campos em branco nas informações referentes ao encaminhamento da vítima para o setor saúde. Os resultados apresentados mostram a relevância da violência contra a mulher, a prevalência, recorrência e gravidade no estado do Maranhão, evidenciando a necessidade de intervenções mais efetivas.

Violence against women is considered a public health problem due to its magnitude and transcendence in the world. Thus, studies on the subject are relevant to support the creation of actions toward prevention, the reduction of cases, and care for victims. The objective of this study was to analyze cases of violence against women in the state of Maranhão, from 2011 to 2019. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, ecological study with a quantitative approach, carried out from secondary data of notifications of violence against women of reproductive age (10 to 49 years old), obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. A total of 12,275 cases were registered in the state, with a predominance of victimization episodes among women aged 20 to 29 years (n=3,863; 31.5%), of mixed race (n=8,883; 72.4%), and with an education between the 5th and 8th grades of elementary school (n= 3,200; 26.1%). There was a predominance of violence against women perpetrated repeatedly (n= 4,784; 39.0%), occurring in the victim's residence (n= 8,374; 68.2%), practiced mainly in the form of physical violence ( n= 8,239; 67.1%), and having an intimate partner as the main perpetrator. In addition, there was a high number of blank fields in the information regarding the referral of the victim to the healthcare sector. The results presented show the relevance of violence against women, its prevalence, recurrence, and severity in the state of Maranhão, highlighting the need for more effective interventions.

Conhecimentos e práticas da enfermagem sobre os resíduos de saúde nas unidades pediátricas: revisão integrativa / Nursing knowledge and practices in relation to medical waste in pediatric units: integrative review / Conocimientos y prácticas de enfermería con relación a los residuos sanitarios en unidades pediátricas: revisión integradora

Objetivo: identificar publicações que abordam a educação em saúde relacionada à prevenção da Síndrome da Morte Súbita em Lactentes. Método: revisão integrativa realizada no PubMed, Portal Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Cochrane Reviews, Scientific Electronic Library Online e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Incluíram-se aquelas nas línguas inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa, sem recorte temporal, disponíveis gratuitamente, independentemente do delineamento. Excluíram-se duplicidades, literatura cinzenta, editoriais e cuja população eram prematuros. Resultados: identificou-se duas categorias de análise: temas para educação em saúde e barreiras e facilitadores de aderência às recomendações de prevenção. O profissional de saúde deve estimular as boas práticas de saúde, identificando barreiras e facilitadores para a adesão às recomendações. Conclusão: o profissional deve trazer a ideia de que todo bebê tem risco potencial para a síndrome da morte súbita e utilizar as estratégias disponíveis para tirá-lo da situação de vulnerabilidade.

Objectives: : identifying the current scientific production in relation to Nursing knowledge and practices on medical waste in pediatric units. Method: integrative review in the Scielo, Cinahl, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Embase databases, between the years 2016 to 2021, totalizing 13 articles. Results: the findings pointed to three main categories: knowledge and practices in relation to Medical Waste, permanent education like a tool for the disposal of Medical Waste; and sustainability in the context of Medical Waste and its relationship with social responsibility. Conclusion: it is necessary to provide the opportunity for periodic training, as well as the use of self-explanatory instruments that can help all health professionals, especially the Nursing professionals, at the time of practice. It was checked the presence of gaps was verified with studies showing Medical Waste and Pediatric Nursing.

Objetivos:identificar la producción científica actual en relación a los conocimientos y prácticas de enfermería sobre los Residuos Sanitarios en las unidades de pediatría. Método: revisión integrativa en las bases de datos Scielo, Cinahl, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus y Embase, con un marco temporal de 2016 a 2021, totalizando 13 artículos. Resultados:los hallazgos apuntaron a tres categorías principales: conocimientos y prácticas en relación a los Residuos Sanitarios, educación permanente con una herramienta para la disposición de los Residuos Sanitarios y sostenibilidad en el contexto de los Residuos Sanitarios y su relación con la responsabilidad social. Conclusión: es necesario brindar oportunidades de capacitación periódica, así como el uso de instrumentos autoexplicativos que puedan ayudar todos los profesionales de la salud, especialmente a los profesionales de Enfermería, en el momento de la práctica. Se verifico la presencia de lagunas en los estudios que destacan los Residuos Sanitarios y la Enfermería Pediátrica.

Caracterização dos casos de mulheres em situação de violência em uma capital do Nordeste Brasileiro / Characterization of cases of women in situations of violence in a capital of Northeastern Brazil

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil dasmulheres em situação de violência cadastradas no aplicativo iPenha.Métodos: Estudo do tipo documental, com coleta retrospectiva, realizadopor meio de relatórios do iPenha a partir da questão norteadora: "Qual o perfil das mulheres que sofrem violência em Teresina-PI?. Participaram da análise os dados consolidados de janeiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2018, totalizando 18.585 vítimas.Resultados: O dano psicológico está presente em 100% dos casos, seguido de ameaças 70,20%. O maior fator de risco foi o uso de álcool, 58,70%. 54,96% das vítimas são de raça/etnia parda, idade entre 25 e 28 anos, 48,97% com renda de até um salário mínimo. Em relação aos agressores, 22,7% eram ex-companheiros, com idade entre 25 e 32 anos.Conclusão: Dados apontam para magnitude da problemática violência contra a mulher, sendo necessário um fortalecimento das ações em rede, sensibilidade e comprometimento de todos envolvidos.

Objective:To characterize the profile of women in situations of violence registered in the iPenha application. Methods:it is a documentary study, with retrospective collection, carried out through iPenha reports based on the guide question: "What is the profile of women who suffer violence in Teresina-PI?. Consolidated data from January 2012 to January 2018 participated in the analysis, totaling 18,585 victims. Results:Psychological damage is presentin 100% of cases, followed by threats, 70.20%. The greatest risk factor was alcoholuse, 58.70%. 54.96% of the victims are of mixed race/ethnicity, aged between 25 and 28 years, 48.97% with an income of up to one minimum wage. Regarding the aggressors, 22.7% were ex-partners, aged between 25 and 32 years. Conclusion:The data point to the magnitude of the problem violence against women, and it is necessary to strengthen the actions in network, sensitivity and commitment of all involved

Avaliação do crescimento de crianças escolares / Assessing schoolchildren's growth / Evaluación del crecimiento de los niños em edad escolar

Objetivo: avaliar o crescimento de crianças do ensino fundamental matriculadas em uma escola pública no município de Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Método: estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram da pesquisa 217 escolares com idades entre seis e 14 anos. A análise de dados foi feita pelo software RStudio® e o Teste de Exato de Fisher foi utilizado, considerando índice de confiança de 95%. Protocolo de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultado: no turno matutino, identificou-se que o segundo ano apresentou uma maior proporção de crianças com peso adequado para idade (90,48%). No turno vespertino, a maior proporção de crianças com IMC adequado para idade está no primeiro ano (83,33%). Na relação IMC/idade, identificou-se diferença estatística significativa entre os alunos do quinto ano manhã/tarde (p-valor=0,0278). Conclusão: os resultados apontam a necessidade de uma orientação/educação alimentar e em saúde para as crianças e suas famílias, a fim de obter um crescimento mais adequado para a idade.

Objective: to evaluate the growth of lower secondary school children at a public school in the town of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Method: in this quantitative, cross-sectional study of 217 schoolchildren between six and 14 years old, the data were analyzed using RStudio® software and Fisher's Exact Test was used, to a 95% confidence level. The research protocol was approved by the research ethics committee. Result: in the morning shift, the second year was found to have the highest proportion (90.48%) of children with weight appropriate to their age. In the afternoon shift, the highest proportion of children with BMI appropriate to their age was found in the first year (83.33%). A statistically significant difference in the relationship BMI-to-age was found between morning and afternoon fifth-year students (p-value of 0.0278). Conclusion: the results point to the need for nutritional and health guidance and education for children and their families, in order to foster growth more appropriate to their age.

Objetivo: evaluar el crecimiento de niños en edad escolar matriculados en una escuela pública de la ciudad de Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Método: estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron en la investigación un total de 217 niños con edades comprendidas entre seis y 14 años. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el software RStudio® y se utilizó la Prueba Exacta de Fisher, considerando un nivel de confianza del 95%. El protocolo de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultado: en el turno de la mañana se encontró que el segundo año tuvo mayor proporción de niños con peso adecuado para su edad (90,48%). En el turno de la tarde, la mayor proporción de niños con un IMC adecuado para su edad se encuentra en el primer año (83,33%). En la relación entre el IMC y la edad, se identificó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los estudiantes de quinto año de la mañana/tarde (P-valor de 0,0278). Conclusión: los resultados apuntan hacia la necesidad de orientación/educación nutricional y en salud a niños y familias, para obtener un crecimiento más adecuado respecto a su edad.

Ensino do lúdico para o cuidado à criança hospitalizada: significados de discentes de enfermagem / Teaching of play for the care of hospitalized children: its meanings to nursing students / Enseñanza del abordaje lúdico para el cuidado del niño hospitalizado: significados de estudiantes de enfermería

Objetivo: compreender os significados que discentes de enfermagem atribuem ao ensino do lúdico para o cuidado à criança hospitalizada. Método: estudo qualitativo realizado com 17 discentes de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados virtualmente entre outubro de 2020 e março de 2021, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, sendo submetidos à análise de conteúdo do tipo temática e interpretados a partir do Interacionismo Simbólico. Resultados: da análise emergiram os seguintes temas: significados atribuídos ao ensino do lúdico para o cuidado à criança hospitalizada; e aspectos simbólicos relacionados à hospitalização infantil. O lúdico foi pouco abordado no ensino de enfermagem e sua utilização é imperiosa, pois a hospitalização se revela um processo estressante para a criança. Considerações finais: o ensino do lúdico foi deficitário, havendo a urgência de incentivo a essa abordagem no ensino superior. Os discentes entrevistados reconheceram a importância do tema e ressaltaram o lúdico como possibilidade de interação com a criança.

Objective: to understand the meanings that nursing students attribute to the teaching of play for the care of hospitalized children. Method: in this qualitative study carried out with 17 nursing students, data were collected virtually between October 2020 and March 2021, through a semi-structured interview, and then subjected to thematic content analysis and interpreted on the basis of Symbolic Interactionism. Results: the following themes emerged from the analysis: meanings attributed to the teaching of playfulness in care for hospitalized children; and symbolic aspects of child hospitalization. Play was rarely addressed in nursing education, although its use is imperative, because hospitalization is a stressful process for the child. Final remarks: the teaching of play was deficient, and there is an urgent need to encourage teaching of this approach in higher education. The students interviewed recognized the importance of the subject and highlighted play as a possible manner of interacting with children.

Objetivo: comprender los significados que estudiantes de enfermería atribuyen a la enseñanza del abordaje lúdico para el cuidado de niños hospitalizados. Método: estudio cualitativo realizado junto a 17 estudiantes de enfermería. Se recolectaron los datos virtualmente entre octubre de 2020 y marzo de 2021, a través de entrevista semiestructurada, y fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido temático e interpretados desde el Interaccionismo Simbólico. Resultados: del análisis surgieron los siguientes temas: significados atribuidos a la enseñanza del abordaje lúdico para el cuidado del niño hospitalizado y aspectos simbólicos relacionados con la hospitalización infantil. El abordaje lúdico fue raramente utilizado en la enseñanza de enfermería y su uso es imperativo, ya que la hospitalización es un proceso estresante para el niño. Consideraciones finales: la enseñanza del abordaje lúdico fue deficiente y existe una urgente necesidad de fomentar este enfoque en la educación superior. Los estudiantes entrevistados reconocieron la importancia del tema y destacaron el abordaje lúdico como posibilidad de interacción con el niño.

Africanized Bee Venom (Apis mellifera Linnaeus): Neuroprotective Effects in a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model Induced by 6-hydroxydopamine.

This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of the Africanized bee venom (BV) and its mechanisms of action after 6-hydroxydopamine-(6-OHDA)-induced lesion in a mice model. Prior to BV treatment, mice received intrastriatal microinjections of 6-OHDA (no induced dopaminergic neuronal death) or ascorbate saline (as a control). BV was administered subcutaneously at different dosages (0.01, 0.05 or 0.1 mg·Kg-1) once every two days over a period of 3 weeks. The open field test was carried out, together with the immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis. The chemical composition of BV was also assessed, identifying the highest concentrations of apamin, phospholipase A2 and melittin. In the behavioral evaluation, the BV (0.1 mg·Kg-1) counteracted the 6-OHDA-induced decrease in crossings and rearing. 6-OHDA caused loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra pars compacta and fibers in striatum (STR). Mice that received 0.01 mg·Kg-1 showed significant increase in the mean survival of dopaminergic cell bodies. Increased astrocytic infiltration occurred in the STR of 6-OHDA injected mice, differently from those of the groups treated with BV. The results suggested that Africanized BV has neuroprotective activity in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.

Reflections on nursing students' fear and anxiety arising from clinical practicums / Reflexiones sobre el miedo y la ansiedad de los estudiantes de enfermería derivados de las prácticas clínicas / Reflexões sobre o medo e a ansiedade de estudantes de enfermagem emergentes da prática clínica

Background. Anxiety and fear are emotional responses that may emerge when individuals anticipate threats. Undergraduate nursing students may experience feelings of hopelessness and anguish in the clinical learning experience, directly impacting their academic performance. This study aims to reflect upon the fear and anxiety faced by nursing students during clinical training. Synopsis of Contents. Two thematic axes were focused: Students' perception regarding preceptorship attitudes and positions; Relational teaching-learning processes and their influence on the students' professional identity. Preceptors are expected to encourage the establishment and maintenance of good relationships in the collaborative network in which students are included, especially with the multi-professional health team, to have more comprehensive academic support. Conclusion. The role and importance of each individual in academic training, such as students and professors, is emphasized, seeking to promote positive experiences in the teaching-learning process to enable undergraduate students to more effectively develop moral sensitivity and take responsibility for patient-centered care.

Marco contextual. La ansiedad y el miedo son respuestas emocionales que pueden surgir cuando las personas anticipan amenazas. Los estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería pueden experimentar sentimientos de desesperanza y angustia en la experiencia de aprendizaje clínico, lo que impacta directamente en su desempeño académico. Este estudio tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el miedo y la ansiedad que enfrentan los estudiantes de enfermería durante la formación clínica. Síntesis del contenido. Se enfocaron dos ejes temáticos: la percepción de los estudiantes sobre las actitudes y posiciones de la preceptoría; Los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje relacionales y su influencia en la identidad profesional de los estudiantes. Se espera que los preceptores favorezcan el establecimiento y mantenimiento de buenas relaciones en la red colaborativa en la que se incluyen los estudiantes, especialmente con el equipo multiprofesional de salud, para tener un apoyo académico más integral. Conclusión. Se enfatiza el papel y la importancia de cada individuo en la formación académica, como estudiantes y profesores, buscando promover experiencias positivas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que permitan a los estudiantes de pregrado desarrollar más efectivamente la sensibilidad moral y asumir la responsabilidad del cuidado centrado en el paciente.

Enquadramento. A ansiedade e o medo são respostas emocionais que podem surgir quando os indivíduos antecipam ameaças. Estudantes de graduação em enfermagem podem vivenciar sentimentos de desesperança e angústia na experiência de aprendizagem clínica, impactando diretamente seu desempenho acadêmico. Este estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o medo e a ansiedade enfrentados por estudantes de enfermagem durante a formação clínica. Síntese do conteúdo. Dois eixos temáticos foram enfocados: Percepção dos alunos sobre atitudes e posições de preceptoria; Processos relacionais de ensino-aprendizagem e sua influência na identidade profissional dos alunos. Espera-se que os preceptores incentivem o estabelecimento e a manutenção de boas relações na rede colaborativa em que os alunos estão inseridos, principalmente com a equipe multiprofissional de saúde, para ter um suporte acadêmico mais abrangente. Conclusão. Ressalta-se o papel e a importância de cada indivíduo na formação acadêmica, como alunos e professores, buscando-se promover experiências positivas no processo ensino-aprendizagem para que os graduandos desenvolvam de forma mais efetiva a sensibilidade moral e assumam a responsabilidade pelo cuidado centrado no paciente.

Covid-19 pandemic and Brazilian Nursing: unveiling meanings of work.

The objective of this study was to reflect on the meanings of the work of Brazilian nursing care in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. This is a theoretical study anchored in the definition of meanings of work, according to Estelle Morin's perspective. The work developed by nursing professionals became even more evident in pandemic times, with the precarious conditions of health services in Brazil coming to light. During the pandemic, the incorporation of meanings of work became more important, given that the society recognized the relevance of these professionals in dealing with the pandemic, and this allowed the discussion about their social, political, and economic recognition. The impacts of nursing performance during the Covid-19 pandemic are related to the economic issue, social values, autonomy in the exercise of the profession, recognition, and safety, reflecting on the sense of purpose of work. Thus, the work that makes sense for nursing professionals is related to professional appreciation, specifically, to salary recognition, while what makes no sense is what hinders intellectual, cognitive, and financial progress. Thus, conditions were imposed that give directions to ambivalent meanings to work.