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1.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 25(25): 25269-25279, 2018 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29946836

ABSTRACT

The anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) and sardine (Strangomera bentincki) are coastal pelagic species with important spawning areas off the coast of Chile. The discharge of secondary-treated effluents from a kraft pulp plant near one of these spawning areas has raised environmental concerns. Therefore, effluent effects on the development of anchoveta and sardine eggs were assessed by in vitro exposure. Eggs were sampled between 2007 and 2010 off Talcahuano, Chile. Subsequent toxicity tests (96 h duration, 12 °C) were performed using increasing effluent concentrations, a filtered seawater control, and two potassium dichromate concentrations (to verify consistent embryonic sensitivity). Egg mortality and hatching success were evaluated. For anchoveta, mortality (9.9 ± 7.1%) did not significantly differ among groups in five toxicity tests except the final toxicity test that showed significant differences in mortality (5.6% control vs 27.8% in 100% effluent). For sardines, no differences in mortality existed between the effluent dilutions (2.6 ± 3.6%) and control (6.3 ± 3.9%). Notably, anchoveta egg survival and hatching success rates were inconsistent, i.e., the highest rates of hatching failure occurred on the same sampling date with the highest rates of survival for the 100% effluent group (72%). In conclusion, the obtained results indicate that (i) anchoveta egg mortality and hatching failure increase only under 100% effluent exposure, coinciding with decreased egg quality near the end of spawning season and (ii) high effluent dilutions not significantly increase sardine and anchoveta egg mortalities. Nevertheless, the recorded adverse effects to the hatching process should be studied in greater detail, particularly considering interspecific variability and the complexity of reproductive processes, especially during early development.


Subject(s)
Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects , Fishes/embryology , Industrial Waste , Paper , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Chile , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Seawater , Toxicity Tests
2.
Salus ; 19(3): 7-13, dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-783126

ABSTRACT

Este artículo caracteriza el proceso de gestión editorial llevado a cabo durante el período comprendido entre el año 2010 hasta el 2015 en la Revista Salus. Con el mismo se pretende dar a conocer no sólo el alcance de esta gestión, sino también la producción de artículos científicos publicados en la revista, como órgano de divulgación científica multidisciplinaria, editado por la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia - Venezuela. Actualmente la revista Salus se publica en formatos impreso y electrónico, con visibilidad internacional y libre acceso a través de repositorios internacionales y nacionales. Este trabajo realiza una descripción detallada del flujo editorial utilizado por la revista y al que se someten los artículos enviados a la misma. Los resultados muestran que tipos de manuscritos se publican, cuántos son recibidos y tramitados, así como el tiempo promedio de duración del arbitraje y de todo el proceso editorial. Con este manuscrito se deja constancia de los años de gestión citados, donde se ha trabajado para mejorar la calidad científica, distribución y difusión de la Revista Salus, tal como exige el nivel actual nacional y latinoamericano. Sin embargo, queda mucho por hacer, por mejorar y por continuar. Como producto de la evaluación que se genera del presente trabajo, surge como propuesta, adscribirse o diseñar un sistema automatizado de gestión editorial que, sin duda alguna, contribuirá a la esperada profesionalización de la edición científica.


This article discusses the editorial management process carried out during the period from 2010 to 2015 in the journal Salus. The aim is to inform not only the scope of this effort, but also the production of scientific papers published in the journal, as a body of multidisciplinary scientific publication, reproduced by the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Carabobo, Valencia - Venezuela. Currently, Salus is published in print and electronic formats, with international visibility and free access by international and national repositories. This paper makes a detailed description of the editorial workflow used by the journal and the process of the papers submitted to the journal. The results show what kind of manuscripts are published, how many are received and processed, the average timeline of the evaluation and the entire editorial process. This manuscript records the years of editorial management, in which worked has done to improve the scientific quality, distribution and diffusion of Salus, as required by national and Latin American current level. However, much remains to be done, and continue to improve. As a result of the evaluation of this work, it emerges a proposal of the design of an automated editorial management system that will undoubtedly contribute to the expected professionalization of scientific publishing.

3.
J Environ Sci Health B ; 49(11): 880-8, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25190563

ABSTRACT

Anaerobic digestion does not efficiently reduce ionic compounds present in swine slurry, which could present a potential risk to aquatic ecosystems (surface runoff) and terrestrial ambient (irrigation). The objective of this study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological characteristics of anaerobically treated swine slurry using acute and chronic (epicotyl elongation) toxicity tests with Daphnia magna and Raphanus sativus and identification of suspected toxic compounds using the Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) method. The evaluation was performed in three phases: physicochemical characterization of the slurry; acute/chronic toxicity testing with Daphnia magna and Raphanus sativus for each fraction of the TIE (cation and anion exchange columns, activated carbon, pH modification/aeration and EDTA) and identification of suspected toxic compounds. The anaerobically treated slurry contained concentrations of ammonium of 1,072 mg L(-1), chloride of 815 mg L(-1) and metals below 1 mg L(-1) with a D. magna acute toxicity (48h-LC50) of 5.3% and R. sativus acute toxicity (144h-LC50) of 48.1%. Epicotyl elongation of R. sativus was inhibited at concentrations above 25% (NOEC). The cation exchange reduced the toxicity and free ammonia by more than 90% for both bio-indicators. Moreover, this condition stimulated the epicotyl growth of R. sativus between 10% and 37%. In conclusion, the main compound suspected of causing acute toxicity in D. magna and acute/chronic toxicity in R. sativus is the ammonium. The findings suggest the need the ammonium treatment prior to the agricultural reuse of swine slurry given the high risk to contaminate the aquatic environment by runoff and toxicity of sensitive plants.


Subject(s)
Daphnia/drug effects , Raphanus/drug effects , Sewage/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Anaerobiosis , Animals , Swine , Toxicity Tests, Acute , Toxicity Tests, Chronic
4.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol ; 67(2): 139-48, 2014 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24609616

ABSTRACT

The use of antiparasitic pesticides (APs) has been widely required by the salmon industry to treat diseases. The direct emission of chemicals in the seawater has produced uncertainty about the potential effects on nontarget organisms, such as crustaceans. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of three APs used by the salmon farm industry, such as emamectin benzoate (EB), cypermethrin (CP), and deltamethrin (DE), in the amphipod Monocorophium insidiosum during 10 days through whole-sediment bioassay tests. Lethal concentration by 50 % (LC50-10d) and biochemical responses, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were measured as exposure and effects end points, respectively. Acute assays for DE (7.8 µg kg(-1), confidence interval, CI95% 5-11) and CP (57 µg kg(-1), CI95% 41-77) showed more mortality than EB (890 µg kg(-1), CI95% 672-1,171). In this study, it was possible to observe sublethal responses in amphipods after 2 days of exposure to APs. Significant induction in GST and TBARS (p < 0.05) were measured for CP and EB. Lower DE concentrations showed no significant biochemical responses. M. insidiosum was sensitive to AP concentrations at µg kg(-1) in sediments. This information would allow considering the possible consequences of detected concentrations for APs in areas with intensive salmon farming activity.


Subject(s)
Antiparasitic Agents/toxicity , Aquaculture , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Amphipoda , Animals , Glutathione Transferase , Salmon
5.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 8(9): 402-409, jun. 2001. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-346605

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: comparar los resultados de la fracción de eyección y del área de necrosis en porcentaje ( por ciento) obtenidos por el método de puntuación del QRS electrocardiográfico (score de Selvestre) (1), con los reportados en los estudios de ecocardiografía Modo M 2D y Doppler y la gamagrafía con Te pirofosfato, en pacientes con el primer evento de infarto agudo de miocardio tipo "Q" (IMAQ). Metodología: se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo de corte transversal en donde se tomaron 46 pacientes ( 31 hombres y 15 mujeres), con un rango de edad entre los 33 y 82 años, que ingresaron a la Clínica Cardiovascular Santa María, con un primer evento de infarto agudo de miocardio tipo "Q". Se les realizó un electrocargiograma de superficie a todos los pacientes que consultaron con IMAQ. Para hallar la fracción de eyección mediante aplicación del método de puntuación del "score" del QRS (Método de Selvestre), comparándola con la hallada por ecocardiografía. A 11 pacientes escogidos de forma aleatoria se les realizó una gamagrafía con Te991" pirofosfato para estimar el porcentaje de área de necrosis y confrontarlo con el resultado obtenido por el método electrocardiográfíco de puntuación del QRS. Resultados: la fracción de eyección obtenida por el método de puntuación del QRS y la obtenida por ecocardiografía, presentaron una diferencia del 5 por ciento en 31 de los pacientes. Se encontró una correlación de r =0.786 y una p < 0.001 entre los dos métodos estudiados. De los 11 pacientes a los que se les realizó la gamagrafía, 8 fueron positivos para IMAQ y 3 no cuantificables para el mismo. Al comparar estos resultados con los obtenidos por el método de puntuación del QRS se encontró una p < 0.01 y una correlación r = 0.894. Conclusión: encontramos correlación entre los resultados de la fracción de eyección obtenida por el método de puntuación del QRS electrocardiográfíco y los hallados por ecocardiografía, también se encontró correlación electrocardiográfíca con los resultados hallados en porcentaje de necrosis mediante gamagrafía con Te99"1 pirofosfato y puntuación de Selvestre. Se puede deducir que el EKG puede proporcionar información cuantitativa indirecta acerca de la función ventricular izquierda (fracción de eyección) después de un IMAQ y el porcentaje de necrosis


Subject(s)
Myocardial Infarction , Necrosis , Stroke Volume
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