ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A plant extract (EB) incorporated into glass ionomer cement (GIG) could be a potential photosensitizer for Antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) against caries-microorganisms, replacing methylene blue (MB), due to the presence of chlorophyll. GIC + EB + aPDT could be an therapeutic alternative to dentin decontamination and sealing, allowing reduction of operative time. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate Dioscorea altissima (EB) incorporated into GIC as a photosensitizer for aPDT against Streptococcus mutans. METHODS: Groups (n = 24; ntotal = 192): G1-GIC; G2-GIC + LASER; G3-GIC/EB; G4-GIC/EB + LASER; G5-GIC+MB; G6-GIC + aPDT; G7-GIC/EB + MB; and G8 - GIC/EB+aPDT. In aPDT groups, MB was the photosensitizer. In LASER groups, MB was not used. The irradiation protocol was 660 nm/100 mW/5 J/150 J/cm²/50 s, with a 5-min pre-irradiation time for the MB groups. Antibacterial assays were carried out in 24-well microplates. The wells were completed with one milliliter of a S. mutans in BHI at 1.3 × 108 CFU/mL suspension. After incubation, PDT or laser was performed. After MTT bacteria viability test, the data were submitted to the Kolgomorov-Smirnoff normality test, followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's posterior test, α < 0.05. RESULTS: Group G6 showed significant inhibition (p < 0.001), followed by groups G4, G5, G7, and G8, which did not show significant differences among them (p > 0.05). Groups G2 and G3 also showed similar results (p > 0.05) and were the least active compared to the others. CONCLUSIONS: EB potentiated the antimicrobial action of GIC against S. mutans and laser irradiation over GIC/EB presented better antimicrobials results. The results indicate that EB could be a potential photosensitizer for aPDT.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Photochemotherapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Biofilms , Glass Ionomer Cements , Methylene Blue/pharmacology , Photochemotherapy/methods , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Streptococcus mutansABSTRACT
O objetivo desse trabalho foi fazer a descrição morfológica e a identificação de Nematoda encontrados em uma estação de tratamento de esgoto de Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. Foram coletadas 56 amostras de 500 mL em todos os pontos das etapas aeróbias do tratamento. As amostras foram processadas para estudo em microscopia óptica de campo claro (MO) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foram encontradas larvas L1e L4, classificadas de acordo com o tamanho. As larvas L1 apresentaram as seguintes medidas de comprimento Md = 255,0?m; diâmetro Md = 15,0?m; vestíbulo bucal Md = 10,0?m; esôfago Md = 82,5?m; e cauda Md = 26,2?m. As larvas L4 apresentaram as seguintes medidas de comprimento Md = 740,0?m; diâmetro Md = 42,0?m; vestíbulo bucal Md = 22,5?m; esôfago Md = 200,0?m; e cauda Md = 47,5?m. Fêmeas adultas também foram encontradas, caracterizando-se por apresentam esôfago rabditoide, maturação sexual com presença de ovos na tuba uterina em diferentes fases de formação embrionária. Alguns ovos foram vistos larvados, sugerindo um padrão de larviparidade. Os vermes foram considerados de vida livre e classificadas como da Ordem Rhabditida, Família Strongyloidae e Gênero Strongyloides.
The objective of this work was to morphologically describe and identify Nematoda found in a sewage treatment plant in Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil. A total of 56 samples with 500-mL each were collected at all points in the aerobic treatment stages. The samples were processed for bright light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). L1 and L4 larvae were found, classified according to size. L1 larvae presented the following measurements: Md=255.0-?m length; Md=15.0-?m diameter; Md=10.0-?m oral vestibule; Md=82.5-?m esophagus; and Md=26.2 ?m tail. L4 larvae presented the following measurements: Md=740.0-?m length; Md=42.0-?m diameter; Md=22.5-?m oral vestibule; Md=200.0-?m esophagus; and Md=47.5-?m tail. Adult females have also been found, characterized by rhabditoid esophagus, sexual maturation with presence of eggs in the uterine tube at different stages of embryo formation. Some eggs were seen at larvae stage, suggesting a pattern of larvae parity. The worms were considered as free-living and classified in the Rhabditida order, Strongyloidae Family and Strongyloides genus.
El objetivo de ese trabajo fue realizar la descripción morfológica y la identificación de Nematodo encontrados en una estación de tratamiento de alcantarilla de Feira de Santana, BAHIA, Brasil. Fueron recogidas 56 muestras de 500 mL en todos los puntos de las etapas aerobias del tratamiento. Las muestras fueron procesadas para estudio en microscopía óptica de campo claro (MO) y microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB). Se encontraron larvas L1 y L4, clasificados según el tamaño. Las larvas L1 presentaron las siguientes medidas de longitud Md=255.0?m; diámetro Md=15.0?m; vestíbulo oral Md=10.0 µm; esófago Md=82,5?m; y cola Md=26.2?m. Las larvas L4 presentaron las siguientes medidas de longitud Md=740.0?m; diámetro Md=42.0?m; vestíbulo oral Md=22,5?m; esófago Md=200.0?m; y cola Md=47.5?m. También se han encontrado hembras adultas, caracterizándose por presentar esófago rabditoide, maduración sexual con presencia de huevos en las trompas uterina en diferentes etapas de la formación del embrión. Algunos huevos fueron vistos larvados, sugiriendo un estándar de larviparidad. Los gusanos fueron considerados de vida libre y clasificados como de Orden Rhabditida, Familia Strongyloidae y género Strongyloides.
Subject(s)
Animals , Sewage/analysis , Sewage/parasitology , Helminths/classification , Helminths/growth & developmentABSTRACT
O objetivo desse trabalho foi fazer a descrição morfológica e a identificação de Nematoda encontrados em uma estação de tratamento de esgoto de Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. Foram coletadas 56 amostras de 500 mL em todos os pontos das etapas aeróbias do tratamento. As amostras foram processadas para estudo em microscopia óptica de campo claro (MO) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foram encontradas larvas L1e L4, classificadas de acordo com o tamanho. As larvas L1 apresentaram as seguintes medidas de comprimento Md = 255,0μm; diâmetro Md = 15,0μm; vestíbulo bucal Md = 10,0μm; esôfago Md = 82,5μm; e cauda Md = 26,2μm. As larvas L4 apresentaram as seguintes medidas de comprimento Md = 740,0μm; diâmetro Md = 42,0μm; vestíbulo bucal Md = 22,5μm; esôfago Md = 200,0μm; e cauda Md = 47,5μm. Fêmeas adultas também foram encontradas, caracterizando-se por apresentam esôfago rabditoide, maturação sexual com presença de ovos na tuba uterina em diferentes fases de formação embrionária. Alguns ovos foram vistos larvados, sugerindo um padrão de larviparidade. Os vermes foram considerados de vida livre e classificadas como da Ordem Rhabditida, Família Strongyloidae e Gênero Strongyloides...
The objective of this work was to morphologically describe and identify Nematoda found in a sewage treatment plant in Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil. A total of 56 samples with 500-mL each were collected at all points in the aerobic treatment stages. The samples were processed for bright field light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). L1 and L4 larvae were found, classified according to size. L1 larvae presented the following measurements: Md=255.0-μm length; Md=15.0-μm diameter; Md=10.0-μm oral vestibule; Md=82.5-μm esophagus; and Md=26.2 μm tail. L4 larvae presented the following measurements: Md=740.0-μm length; Md=42.0-μm diameter; Md=22.5-μm oral vestibule; Md=200.0-μm esophagus; and Md=47.5-μm tail. Adult females have also been found, characterized by rhabditoid esophagus, sexual maturation with presence of eggs in the uterine tube at different stages of embryo formation. Some eggs were seen at larvae stage, suggesting a pattern of larvae parity. The worms were considered as free-living and classified in the Rhabditida order, Strongyloidae Family and Strongyloides genus...
El objetivo de ese trabajo fue realizar la descripción morfológica y la identificación de Nematodo encontrados en una estación de tratamiento de alcantarilla de Feira de Santana, BAHIA, Brasil. Fueron recogidas 56 muestras de 500 mL en todos los puntos de las etapas aerobias del tratamiento. Las muestras fueron procesadas para estudio en microscopía óptica de campo claro (MO) y microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB). Se encontraron larvas L1 y L4, clasificados según el tamaño. Las larvas L1 presentaron las siguientes medidas de longitud Md=255.0μm; diámetro Md=15.0μm; vestíbulo oral Md=10.0 µm; esófago Md=82,5μm; y cola Md=26.2μm. Las larvas L4 presentaron las siguientes medidas de longitud Md=740.0μm; diámetro Md=42.0μm; vestíbulo oral Md=22,5μm; esófago Md=200.0μm; y cola Md=47.5μm. También se han encontrado hembras adultas, caracterizándose por presentar esófago rabditoide, maduración sexual con presencia de huevos en las trompas uterina en diferentes etapas de la formación del embrión. Algunos huevos fueron vistos larvados, sugiriendo un estándar de larviparidad. Los gusanos fueron considerados de vida libre y clasificados como de Orden Rhabditida, Familia Strongyloidae y género Strongyloides...
