ABSTRACT
Cladonia clathrata Ahti & L. Xavier-Filho (Cladoniaceae) is a lichen; several Cladonia species extracts have been used for various remedies in folk medicine. In order to evaluate the actions of this lichen, studies were performed on antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of C. clathrata stems was used in the following experiments. Oral treatment with the HE of C. clathrata elicited inhibitory activity (p < 0.001) on acetic acid-induced abdominal writhes at 100 (47.2%), 200 (47.2%), and 400 mg/kg (86.4%), and reduced the formalin-induced nociception on both the neurogenic (400 mg/kg, p < 0.01) and inflammatory phases (200 and 400 mg/kg, p < 0.01). It was not associated with non-specific effects, such as muscle relaxation or sedation. The HE reduced the carrageenan-induced edema formation at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.05) and inhibited neutrophil migration into the peritoneal cavity at 400 mg/kg (p < 0.001). The HE of C. clathrata reacted with the DPPH radical and reduced the same by 50.19%, and exhibited an IC(50) value of 69.25 +/- 0.65 mug/mL. The HE of C. clathrata stems shows antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, with a moderate antioxidant potential.
Subject(s)
Analgesics/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Ascomycota , Lichens , Analgesics/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Benzofurans/metabolism , Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism , Carrageenan , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Mice , Motor Activity/drug effects , Neutrophil Infiltration/drug effects , Pain Measurement , Picrates/metabolism , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Resumo: Este estudo teve por objetivo obter e avaliar os efeitos de preparações odontológica,creme dental e colutório, à base do extrato hidroalcoólico de Lippia sidoides Cham como coadjuvanteda higiene bucal no controle do biofilme dentário em voluntários humanos. Foram selecionados84 indivíduos, divididos em 4 grupos de 21 elementos, os grupos teste 2 e 3 e os grupos controle1 e 4, avaliados nos tempos 0, 7, 15, 21 e 28 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que o creme dental e o colutório, à base do extrato de Lippia sidoides Cham (grupos 2 e 3 respectivamente), após umperíodo de 28 dias, foram superiores aos produtos utilizados como controle (creme dental de usodiário no grupo 1 e solução de cloreto de cetilpiridíneo no grupo 4), mostrando serem eficientes como coadjuvante no controle do biofilme dentário, pois reduziram de forma estatisticamente significativa o índice de biofilme dentário
This work describes the attainment of odontologic preparations from the crude extract of Lippia sidoides Cham (Verbenaceae) and the evaluation of their effects as an oral hygienic agent in the dental bacterial control on human volunteers. The volunteers (84) were divided into four groups of 21 where test groups are 2 and 3 and control groups are 1 and 4, tested after time periods of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results suggested that the toothpaste and the mouthwash made with the crude extract of Lippia sidoides Cham (Verbenaceae) after a 28 day period were statistically efficient in reducing the dental biofilm caused by bacteria
