Health-Related quality of life of oral health workers in primary health care in Salvador, Brazil / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de trabalhadores de saúde bucal da atenção primária à saúde em Salvador, Brasil / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de trabajadores de salud bucal de la atención primaria de salud en Salvador, Brasil

This study aimed to identify and determine the level of factors associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of oral health professionals working in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 96 dentists and 65 dental assistants working in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in six municipalities in the metropolitan area of Salvador (BA), Brazil. The HRQoL was evaluated using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Higher mean scores in the SF-36 physical component summary were associated with younger age, post-graduate education in public health, and frequent leisure time. The mental component summary was associated with frequent leisure time, > 40 weekly working hours, suitable dental offices, satisfaction with colleagues, and satisfaction with working in PHC. The HRQoL level of oral health professionals working in primary health care in PHC in Brazil was comparable to those found in the available literature and associated with several modifiable factors. Incidentally, a literature search found few studies using the SF-36 to assess the HRQoL of oral health workers, and those found were produced outside the main scientific centers.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e determinar o nível de fatores associados à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de profissionais de saúde bucal que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal com 96 cirurgiões-dentistas e 65 auxiliares em saúde bucal que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em seis municípios da região metropolitana de Salvador (BA), Brasil. A QVRS foi avaliada usando o 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Escores médios mais altos no resumo do componente físico do SF-36 foram associadas a idade mais jovem, pós-graduação em saúde pública e tempo de lazer frequente. O resumo do componente mental foi associado a tempo de lazer frequente, > 40 horas semanais de trabalho, consultórios odontológicos adequados, satisfação com os colegas e satisfação em trabalhar na APS. O nível de QVRS dos profissionais de saúde bucal que atuam na APS no Brasil foi comparável aos encontrados na literatura disponível e associado a vários fatores modificáveis. Incidentalmente, uma pesquisa bibliográfica encontrou poucos estudos que utilizam o SF-36 para avaliar a QVRS de trabalhadores da saúde bucal; e os encontrados foram produzidos fora dos principais centros científicos.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y determinar el nivel de los factores asociados a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los profesionales de salud bucal que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 96 cirujano dentista y 65 auxiliares de salud bucal que actúan en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en seis municipios de la región metropolitana de Salvador, Brasil. La CVRS se evaluó mediante el 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Las puntuaciones medias más altas en el resumen del componente físico del SF-36 se asociaron con una edad más joven, títulos de posgrado en salud pública y tiempo libre frecuente. El resumen del componente mental se asoció con tiempo libre frecuente, > 40 horas de trabajo por semana, consultorios dentales adecuados, satisfacción con los colegas y satisfacción con el trabajo en la Atención Primaria de Salud. El nivel de CVRS de los profesionales de la salud bucal que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil fue comparable a los encontrados en la literatura disponible y se asoció a varios factores modificables. Una búsqueda bibliográfica encontró pocos estudios que utilizan el SF-36 para evaluar la CVRS de los trabajadores de la salud bucal; y los encontrados estaban fuera de los principales centros científicos.

Relationship between Na/K-ATPase in thawed sperm and fertility of Angus bulls.

Since bull fertility prediction remains challenging, the identification of potential fertility markers is important considering the economic benefits to the livestock industry. The main goal of this study was to determine the Na/K-ATPase activity and expression in thawed sperm of high (HF)- and low-fertility (LF) Angus bulls. Samples from three different batches/bulls with HF (n = 4) and LF (n = 4) were used. The Na/K-ATPase activity was determined after thawing, whereas sperm kinematics, membrane integrity, and expression of Na/K-ATPase on sperm surface were evaluated immediately post-thaw and after 120 minutes of incubation. Within the same incubation time, there was no difference on sperm membrane integrity, kinematics, and the expression of Na/K-ATPase on the sperm surface between HF and LF bulls. Kinematic parameters of LIN and VCL were not influenced by incubation time in samples from HF and LF, respectively. A tendency (P = 0.06) of higher Na/K-ATPase enzymatic activity for sperm of HF bulls compared to LF bulls was observed (0.49 ± 0.07 and 0.32 ± 0.06, respectively). In conclusion, Na/K-ATPase activity and expression in thawed sperm from Angus bulls are not related to the fertility index after fixed-time artificial insemination. However, sperm kinematics related to hyperactivation might indicate higher sperm cryotolerance for HF bulls.

Burnout among Brazilian Dentists during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: This article identifies the factors associated with burnout among dentists in the state of Bahia, Brazil, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted between November 2020 and February 2021, of 251 dentists, selected by snowball sampling. Sociodemographic, occupational, and epidemiological information was collected in an electronic form. Burnout was evaluated through the Maslach Burnout Inventory; anxiety through the Beck Anxiety Inventory; and quality of life through the WHOQol-BREF questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors associated with variations in levels of the three burnout dimensions. Results: The mean levels of the burnout dimensions were: Emotional Exhaustion: 28.9 ± 8.9 (SD); Depersonalization = 8.2 ± 6.3; and Personal Accomplishment: 28.0 ± 6.2. The proportion of professionals with high Emotional Exhaustion (≥ 30 cut-off score), high Depersonalization (≥ 12 cut-off score), and low Personal Accomplishment (≤ 33 cut-off score) were 43.4%, 26.3% and 81.3%, respectively. Burnout components were associated with high anxiety; lower levels of the physical, psychological, social relations, and environmental dimensions of quality of life; less time working as a dentist; increased alcohol consumption during the pandemic, feeling safe when using personal protective equipment, and support from work fellows. Conclusion: The dentists investigated showed moderate levels of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, and very low levels of Personal Accomplishment. The prevention and mitigation of burnout syndrome among dentists during a pandemic should consider several factors, such as quality of life, amount of time in the profession, use of personal protective equipment, support from fellow dentists, and alcohol consumption.

Genetic diversity analysis in the Brazilian Amazon reveals a new evolutionary lineage and new karyotype for the genus Mesomys (Rodentia, Echimyidae, Eumysopinae).

Morphological, molecular and chromosomal studies in the genera Lonchothrix and Mesomys have contributed to a better understanding of taxonomic design, phylogenetic relationships and karyotypic patterns. Recent molecular investigations have shown a yet undescribed diversity, suggesting that these taxa are even more diverse than previously assumed. Furthermore, some authors have questioned the limits of geographic distribution in the Amazon region for the species M. hispidus and M. stimulax. In this sense, the current study sought to understand the karyotypic evolution and geographic limits of the genus Mesomys, based on classical (G- and C-banding) and molecular cytogenetic analysis (FISH using rDNA 18S and telomeric probes) and through the sequencing of mitochondrial genes Cytochrome b (Cytb) and Cytochrome Oxidase-Subunit I (CO using phylogeny, species delimitation and time of divergence, from samples of different locations in the Brazilian Amazon. The species M. stimulax and Mesomys sp. presented 2n = 60/FN = 110, while M. hispidus presented 2n = 60/FN = 112, hitherto unpublished. Molecular dating showed that Mesomys diversification occurred during the Plio-Pleistocene period, with M. occultus diverging at around 5.1 Ma, followed by Mesomys sp. (4.1 Ma) and, more recently, the separation between M. hispidus and M. stimulax (3.5 Ma). The ABGD and ASAP species delimiters support the formation of 7 and 8 potential species of the genus Mesomys, respectively. Furthermore, in both analyzes Mesomys sp. was recovered as a valid species. Our multidisciplinary approach involving karyotypic, molecular and biogeographic analysis is the first performed in Mesomys, with the description of a new karyotype for M. hispidus, a new independent lineage for the genus and new distribution data for M. hispidus and M. stimulax.

Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis in Italian Grains Using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry.

Mycotoxins are a major source of contamination in cereals, posing risks to human health and causing significant economic losses to the industry. A comprehensive strategy for the analysis of 21 mycotoxins in Italian cereal grain samples (n = 200) was developed using a simple and quick sample preparation method combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The proposed method showed some advantages, such as multi-mycotoxin analyses with simple sample preparation, fast determination, and high sensitivity. The analysis of the sample revealed the presence of 11 mycotoxins, with α-zearalenol being the most frequently detected, while deoxynivalenol exhibited the highest contamination level. Furthermore, co-occurrence was identified in 15.5% of the samples under analysis. Among these, 13% of the samples reported the simultaneous presence of two mycotoxins, while 2.5% showed the co-occurrence of three mycotoxins. Currently, there has been a renewed interest in guaranteeing the quality and safety of products intended for human consumption. This study holds significant value due to its ability to simultaneously detect multiple mycotoxins within a complex matrix. Furthermore, it provides findings regarding the occurrence and co-occurrence of emerging mycotoxins that currently lack regulation under the existing European Commission Regulation.

Parenting of mothers of children in early childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic: qualitative research.

OBJECTIVES: to understand practices of mothers of children in early childhood who live in contexts of poverty in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study. Participants were selected in the community context, composing an intentional sample to be collected through semi-structured online interviews. Data were analyzed inductively and anchored in the Bioecological Model of Human Development. RESULTS: eight mothers participated in the research. Mothers highlighted pleasure in taking care of their children, although they were overloaded with activities and comprehensive care at the time of the pandemic. Children, in mothers' perception, showed a higher frequency of challenging behaviors, which may be related to negative parenting practices, such as punishment and physical violence. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: interventions to support parenting become urgent in the face of changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic in families living in a context of poverty.

Morita-Baylis-Hillman adduct 2-(3-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-yl)acrylonitrile (ISACN) modulates the inflammatory process during LPS-induced acute lung injury.

BACKGROUND: Despite its homeostatic role, inflammation is involved in several pathologies, such as acute lung injury. Morita-Ballys-Hilman adducts (MBHA) are a group of synthetic molecules and present a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory action. Thus, this study aimed to assess whether ISACN, an MBHA, modulates inflammation during acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally treated with 24 mg/kg ISACN and challenged with LPS (2.5 mg/kg). On bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), we assessed the total and differential leukocyte count and measurement of protein leakage, cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α), and chemokine (CXCL-1). Additionally, lung histopathology was also performed (H&E staining). In vitro studies were conducted with peritoneal macrophages to assess the possible mechanism of action. They were cultured in the presence of ISACN (5 and 10 µM) and stimulated by LPS (1 µg/mL). RESULTS: ISACN reduced neutrophil migration, protein leakage, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α) without interfering with the production of CXCL1. In addition, ISACN caused a decrease in LPS-induced lung injury as evident from histopathological changes. In peritoneal macrophages, ISACN diminishes the nitric oxide and cytokine levels (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α). The treatment with ISACN (10 µM) also reduced LPS-induced TLR4, CD69, iNOS overexpression, and the LPS-induced ERK, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: Thus, this work showed for the first time the immunomodulatory action of MBHA in LPS-induced acute lung injury and provided new evidence for the mechanisms related to the anti-inflammatory effect of ISACN.

Mechanical and morphological responses of osteoblast-like cells to two-photon polymerized microgrooved surfaces.

Microgrooved surfaces are recognized as an important strategy of tissue engineering to promote the alignment of bone cells. In this work, we have investigated the mechanical and morphological aspects of osteoblasts cells after interaction with different micro-structured polymeric surfaces. Femtosecond laser writing technique was used for the construction of circular and parallel microgrooved patterns in biocompatible polymeric surfaces based on pentaerythritol triacrylate. Additionally, we have studied the influence of the biocompatible TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) related to the cell behavior, when incorporated to the photoresin. The atomic force microscopy technique was used to investigate the biomechanical reaction of the human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells for the different microgroove. It was demonstrated that osteoblasts grown on circular microgrooved surfaces exhibited significantly larger Young's modulus compared to cells sown on flat films. Furthermore, we could observe that TiO2 NCs improved the circular microgrooves effects, resulting in more populated sites, 34% more elongated cells, and increasing the cell stiffness by almost 160%. These results can guide the design and construction of effective scaffold surfaces with circular microgrooves for tissue engineering and bone regeneration.

Development of educational technology for transcutaneous pacemaker management in older adults undergoing mobile pre-hospital assistance / Desarrollo de una tecnología educativa para el manejo de marcapasos transcutáneos en ancianos en el servicio de móvil de atención prehospitalaria / Desenvolvimento de tecnologia educacional para manejo do marca-passo transcutâneo em idosos no atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop educational technology for nurses on transcutaneous pacemaker management in older adults undergoing mobile pre-hospital assistance. Method: a methodological study developed with the Advanced Support Units of the Mobile Urgency Care Service of the 2nd Metropolitan Health Region of Paraná, Brazil, in three phases: 1) Pre-production - preparation of the video script; 2) Production - script validation by expert judges, storyboard development, voiceover recording and selection of images; and 3) Post-production - evaluation of the video by expert judges and diffusion. 51 specialist judge nurses took part in validation of the script; and 47 of them assessed the video. The data were collected between April and May 2022 using instruments with a Likert scale, via Google Forms. Descriptive statistics was applied for data analysis and a Content Validity Index of at least 0.78 was considered. Results: the judges suggested less technical language, inclusion of a scene and a correction referring to the positioning of the transcutaneous pacemaker adhesive pads. A 2D video lasting 8 minutes and 30 seconds was produced, which addressed actions and care measures in managing pacemakers in older adults. The following items were considered adequate: language, images, voiceover, duration, guidelines proposed and memorization of the messages (CVI=1.0). Conclusion: the educational technology developed was considered validated for nurses regarding the transcutaneous pacemaker management in older adults. The educational video can support decision-making in favor of patient and team safety and treatment efficacy, in order to qualify the assistance provided.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar una tecnología educativa para enfermeros sobre el manejo de marcapasos transcutáneos en ancianos, en el Servicio Móvil de Atención Prehospitalaria. Método: estudio metodológico desarrollado con las Unidades de Soporte Avanzado pertenecientes al Servicio Móvil de Atención de Urgencias de la 2º Región de Salud Metropolitana de Paraná, Brasil, en tres fases: 1) Pre-producción - elaboración del guión del video; 2) Producción - validación del guión a cargo jueces especialistas, elaboración del storyboard, grabación de las narraciones y selección de las imágenes; y 3) Post-producción - evaluación del video a cargo de jueces especialistas y divulgación del video. Los participantes del proceso de validación del guión fueron 51 jueces especialistas y enfermeros de profesión; y 47 de ellos evaluaron el video. Los datos se recolectaron entre abril y mayo de 2022 por medio de instrumentos con una escala de Likert, a través de Formularios Google. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de los datos y se consideró un Índice de Validez de Contenido de al menos 0,78. Resultados: los jueces sugirieron lenguaje menos técnico, incluir una escena y correcciones referentes a la ubicación de los parches adhesivos del marcapasos transcutáneo. El video se produjo en 2D y duró 8 minutos con 30 segundos, analizando acciones y precauciones en el manejo de marcapasos en ancianos. Los siguientes elementos se consideraron adecuados: lenguaje, imágenes, narración, duración, pautas de orientación propuestas y memorización de los mensajes (IVC=1,0). Conclusión: la tecnología educativa que se desarrolló fue considerada validada para enfermeros en relación con el manejo de marcapasos transcutáneos en ancianos. El video educativo puede asistir en el proceso de toma de decisiones en pos de la seguridad del paciente y del equipo de atención, al igual que para la eficacia del tratamiento, a fin de calificar la asistencia provista.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver tecnologia educacional para enfermeiros sobre manejo do marca-passo transcutâneo em idosos, em atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel. Método: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido junto às Unidades de Suporte Avançado do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência da 2º Regional de Saúde Metropolitana do Paraná, Brasil, em três fases: 1) pré-produção - elaboração do roteiro do vídeo; 2) produção - validação do roteiro por juízes especialistas, elaboração do storyboard, gravação das narrações e seleção de imagens; 3) pós-produção - avaliação do vídeo por juízes especialistas e divulgação do vídeo. Participaram da validação do roteiro 51 enfermeiros juízes especialistas; e 47 deles avaliaram o vídeo. Coletaram-se os dados entre abril e maio de 2022, por meio de instrumentos, com escala de Likert, via Google Formulários. Aplicou-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados e considerou-se Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de pelo menos 0,78. Resultados: os juízes sugeriram linguagem menos técnica, inclusão de cena e correção referente ao posicionamento das pás adesivas do marca-passo transcutâneo. Produziu-se vídeo em 2D de 8 minutos e 30 segundos, que abordou ações e cuidados no manejo do marca-passo em idosos. Consideraram-se adequados os quesitos: linguagem, imagens, narração, tempo de duração, orientações propostas e memorizações das mensagens (IVC =1,0). Conclusão: a tecnologia educacional desenvolvida foi considerada validada para enfermeiros quanto ao manejo do marca-passo transcutâneo em idosos. O vídeo educacional pode subsidiar a tomada de decisões em prol da segurança do paciente, da equipe e da eficácia no tratamento, de modo a qualificar a assistência.

Parenting of mothers of children in early childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic: qualitative research / Crianza de madres de niños en la primera infancia durante la pandemia de COVID-19: investigación cualitativa / Parentalidade de mães de crianças na primeira infância durante a pandemia de COVID-19: pesquisa qualitativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand practices of mothers of children in early childhood who live in contexts of poverty in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study. Participants were selected in the community context, composing an intentional sample to be collected through semi-structured online interviews. Data were analyzed inductively and anchored in the Bioecological Model of Human Development. Results: eight mothers participated in the research. Mothers highlighted pleasure in taking care of their children, although they were overloaded with activities and comprehensive care at the time of the pandemic. Children, in mothers' perception, showed a higher frequency of challenging behaviors, which may be related to negative parenting practices, such as punishment and physical violence. Final Considerations: interventions to support parenting become urgent in the face of changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic in families living in a context of poverty.

RESUMEN Objetivos: comprender la crianza y las prácticas de crianza de las madres de niños en la primera infancia que viven en contextos de pobreza, frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19. Métodos: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, enfoque cualitativo. Los participantes fueron seleccionados en el contexto comunitario, componiendo una muestra intencional para ser recolectada a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas en la modalidad online. Los datos fueron analizados inductivamente y anclados en la Teoría Bioecológica del Desarrollo Humano. Resultados: ocho madres participaron de la investigación. Las madres destacaron el gusto por cuidar a sus hijos, aunque estaban sobrecargadas de actividades y atención integral en el momento de la pandemia. Los niños, en la percepción de las madres, mostraron una mayor frecuencia de comportamientos desafiantes, lo que puede estar relacionado con prácticas de crianza negativas, como castigo y violencia física. Consideraciones Finales: las intervenciones de apoyo a la crianza se vuelven urgentes ante los cambios provocados por la pandemia de COVID-19 en las familias que viven en un contexto de pobreza.

RESUMO Objetivos: compreender a parentalidade e práticas parentais de mães de crianças na primeira infância que vivem em contextos de pobreza, diante da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudo exploratório, descritivo, abordagem qualitativa. As participantes foram selecionadas no contexto comunitário, compondo uma amostra intencional para a coleta por entrevistas semi-estruturadas na modalidade online. Os dados foram analisados de forma indutiva e ancorados na Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano. Resultados: oito mães participaram da pesquisa. As mães destacaram prazer em cuidar dos filhos, embora estivessem sobrecarregadas com atividades e cuidado integral no momento da pandemia. As crianças, na percepção das mães, apresentaram maior frequência de comportamentos desafiadores, os quais podem ter relação com práticas parentais negativas, como punição e violência física. Considerações Finais: intervenções de apoio à parentalidade se tornam urgentes diante de mudanças suscitadas pela pandemia de COVID-19 em famílias que vivem em contexto de pobreza.

Trastornos mentales comunes y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mental en trabajadores de salud bucal / Common mental disorders and mental health-related quality of life among oral health providers

Introducción: Existen pocos estudios sobre los trastornos mentales comunes y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mental en trabajadores de salud bucal. Objetivo: Describir los trastornos mentales comunes y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mental en trabajadores de equipos de salud bucal en atención primaria de salud del Sistema Único de Salud de la Región Metropolitana de Salvador de Bahía, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal y descriptivo, que utilizó el Cuestionario de declaración de síntomas para evaluar trastornos mentales comunes, el Cuestionario de salud para calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica. Resultados: Conformaron la muestra 161 profesionales (59,6 por ciento odontólogos y 40,4 por ciento auxiliares de salud bucal). El promedio de la puntuación para Cuestionario de declaración de síntomas fue mayor para los odontólogos (p = 0,032). Los dominios de salud mental del Cuestionario de salud fueron menores y significativos en odontólogos. Tres factores del Cuestionario de declaración de síntomas presentaron alta correlación negativa con los dominios de salud mental del Cuestionario de salud. Conclusiones: Los odontólogos presentaron mayores síntomas de trastornos mentales comunes y deterioro de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mental que los auxiliares de salud bucal, siendo necesarias estrategias de promoción de la salud mental para trabajadores de los equipos de salud bucal(AU)

Introduction: Few studies are available about common mental disorders and mental health-related quality of life among dental healthcare providers. Objective: Describe the common mental disorders and the mental health-related quality of life of members of oral health teams from the primary health care section of the Unified Health System in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador de Bahia, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted based on the Symptom reporting questionnaire for the evaluation of common mental disorders, the Health questionnaire about health-related quality of life, and a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire. Results: The study sample was composed of 161 professionals, of whom 59.6 percent were dentists and 40.4 percent were dental auxiliaries. Dentists obtained a higher average score in the Symptom reporting questionnaire (p = 0.032), whereas their scores in the mental health domains of the Health questionnaire were lower and significant. Three factors in the Symptom reporting questionnaire exhibited a high negative correlation with the mental health domains of the Health questionnaire. Conclusions: Dentists presented greater symptoms of common mental disorders and mental health-related quality of life deterioration than dental auxiliaries. It is therefore necessary to implement mental health promotion strategies aimed at members of oral health teams(AU)

Patulin inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide production by suppressing MAPKs signaling pathway.

Patulin (PAT) is a natural product isolated from several species of fungi. Here, we evaluated the effect of PAT (62.5-4,000 ng/ml) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine peritoneal macrophages. Cell viability assay showed that PAT at concentrations up to 250 ng/ml did not affect macrophage viability. PAT (250 ng/ml) significantly reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide production (by 98.4%), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression (by 83.5%), and iNOS messenger ribonucleic acid expression (by 100.0%). Moreover, PAT significantly reduced LPS-induced interleukin-1ß (by 80.6%), cluster of differentiation (CD) 69 (by 63.1%), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (by 91.9%) protein expression. Finally, PAT significantly reduced LPS-triggered phosphorylation of all mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) assessed: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK; by 89.5%), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK; by 77.5%), and p38 (by 72.3%). Taken together, these data suggest that PAT downregulates acute inflammatory response, inhibiting nitric oxide production by suppressing CD69-TLR4/ERK-JNK-p38 MAPKs/Nos2/iNOS signaling pathway.

Avaliação do consumo alimentar de pacientes em hemodiálise: comparação com recomendações do Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative / Assessment of food consumption in hemodialysis patients: comparison with recommendations from the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative

Introdução: A análise da ingestão alimentar de pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) em tratamento dialítico é eficaz para fornecer informações a fim de auxiliar no diagnóstico nutricional e nortear as condutas dietéticas necessárias. Objetivo: Analisar a adequação do consumo alimentar de acordo com as recomendações publicadas pelo Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) para macro e micronutrientes, além de avaliar a capacidade antioxidante total da dieta (CATd), de portadores de DRC. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 60 voluntários portadores de DRC em tratamento hemodialítico de um Hospital Universitário de Juiz de Fora ­ MG. A caracterização da amostra foi feita no período de junho de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020, através da aplicação de um Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência Alimentar (QQFA) e de coleta de dados pessoais, clínicos e comorbidades. As análises estatísticas foram conduzidas utilizando-se o software SPSS, versão 20.0. As variáveis numéricas foram apresentadas na forma de média (± desvio-padrão), mediana, mínimo e máximo, enquanto as categóricas em frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: Observou-se que 43% e 55% dos pacientes apresentaram um consumo calórico e proteico acima do preconizado pela KDOQI, respectivamente. Para os micronutrientes, foi observado que 77% dos pacientes apresentaram consumo de cálcio abaixo do recomendado e de fósforo 65% maior do que a recomendação atual. Percebeu-se que 67% e 40% dos pacientes apresentaram adequado consumo de sódio e potássio. O perfil lipídico da dieta dos pacientes, demonstrou uma desproporção da razão ômega 6/ômega 3, além de um CATd de 4,05 mmol/dia. Conclusão: Através do presente estudo podemos concluir que o consumo alimentar dos pacientes em hemodiálise avaliados apresenta algumas inadequações em relação às recomendações propostas pela literatura.

Introduction: The analysis of food intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis is effective to provide information to assist in nutritional diagnosis and guide the necessary dietary behaviors. Objective: To analyze the adequacy of food consumption according to the recommendations published by the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) for macro and micronutrients, in addition to evaluating the total antioxidant capacity of the diet (CATd) of patients with CKD. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 60 volunteers with CKD undergoing hemodialysis treatment at a University Hospital in Juiz de Fora ­ MG. The characterization of the sample was carried out from June 2019 to February 2020, through the application of a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (QQFA) and the collection of personal, clinical and comorbid data. Statistical analyzes were conducted using SPSS software, version 20.0. Numerical variables were presented as mean (± standard deviation), median, minimum and maximum, while categorical variables in absolute and relative frequency. Results: It was observed that 43% and 55% of the patients had a caloric and protein consumption above that recommended by the KDOQI, respectively. For micronutrients, it was observed that 77% of the patients had calcium intake below the recommended level and phosphorus consumption 65% higher than the current recommendation. It was noticed that 67% and 40% of the patients had adequate consumption of sodium and potassium. The lipid profile of the patients' diet showed a disproportion of the omega 6/omega 3 ratio, in addition to a CATd of 4.05 mmol/day. Conclusion: Through the present study we can conclude that the food consumption of the evaluated hemodialysis patients presents some inadequacies in relation to the recommendations proposed by the literature

Maternidade e uso de substâncias psicoativas: narrativas de mulheres atendidas em serviços de reabilitação psicossocial / Maternity and use of psychoactive substances: narratives of women attended in psychosocial rehabilitation services / Maternidad y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas: narrativas de mujeres asistidas en servicios de rehabilitación psicossocial

Objetivo: Descrever a percepção de mulheres no período gravídico puerperal sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com oito mulheres presentes em serviços de reabilitação psicossocial. A amostragem foi definida por saturação. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas no período de setembro a outubro de 2019 e submetidos a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Após a análise dos dados, emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: Conhecimento da motivação inicial para o uso de substâncias psicoativas e manutenção antes, durante e após a gestação; Uso de substâncias psicoativas durante a gestação e/ou puerpério: a percepção sobre seus riscos; Pensamentos das mulheres usuárias de substâncias psicoativas durante a gestação; e, O sentimento de maternidade e o uso de substâncias psicoativas, que revelam as vivências e percepções das mulheres sobre o uso das substâncias psicoativas durante todo o ciclo gravídico-puerperal. Conclusão: O uso das substâncias psicoativas relacionados aos sentimentos de maternidade são considerados negativos, uma vez que a dependência leva à anulação do ser mãe no contexto familiar e social. (AU)

Objective: To describe the perception of women in the puerperal gravitational period about the use of psychoactive substances. Methods: This is an exploratory, qualitative approach study conducted with eight women in psychosocial rehabilitation services. The sampling was defined by saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from September to October 2019 and submitted to Bardin Content Analysis. Results: After analyzing the data, the following thematic categories emerged: Knowledge of the initial motivation for the use of psychoactive substances and maintenance before, during and after pregnancy; Use of psychoactive substances during pregnancy and/or puerperium: the perception of its risks; Thoughts of women who use psychoactive substances during pregnancy and The feeling of motherhood and the use of psychoactive substances, which reveal the experiences and perceptions of women about the use of psychoactive substances throughout the pregnancy puerperal cycle. Conclusion: The use of psychoactive substances related to maternity feelings are considered negative, since dependence leads to the annulment of being a mother in the family and social context. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la percepción de las mujeres en el puerperio sobre el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con ocho mujeres presentes en los servicios de rehabilitación psicosocial. El muestreo se definió por saturación. Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas de septiembre a octubre de 2019 y se enviaron al análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: Después del análisis de los datos, surgieron las siguientes categorías temáticas: Conocimiento de la motivación inicial para el uso de sustancias psicoactivas y mantenimiento antes, durante y después del embarazo; Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas durante el embarazo y/o puerperio: la percepción de sus riesgos; Pensamientos de mujeres usuarias de sustancias psicoactivas durante el embarazo y El sentimiento de maternidad y el uso de sustancias psicoactivas, que revelan las vivencias y percepciones de las mujeres sobre el uso de sustancias psicoactivas a lo largo del ciclo embarazopuerperio. Conclusion: El uso de sustancias psicoactivas relacionado con los sentimientos de maternidad se considera negativo, ya que la dependencia conduce a la cancelación de ser madre en el contexto familiar y social. (AU)

Prevalencia y susceptibilidad de Cryptococcus neoformans aislados del suelo y excretas de palomas en la ciudad de Maceió ­ AL, Brasil / Prevalência e suscetibilidade de Cryptococcus neoformans isolados do solo e de excretas de pombos na cidade de Maceió ­ AL, Brasil

Introducción: Cryptococcus neoformans es una levadura encapsulada, que se encuentra en fuentes ambientales, incluyendo excrementos de palomas. Tiene una gran relevancia clínica porque es el agente etiológico de la criptococosis, considerada una causa importante de mortalidad en personas inmunocomprometidas en todo el mundo. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y susceptibilidad de C. neoformans aislados del suelo y excremento de palomas en la ciudad de Maceió ­ Alagoas, Brasil. Metodología: Se recolectaron 150 muestras (50 de excretas secas, 50 de excretas frescas y 50 del suelo) y cultivaron en Agar Dextrosa Sabouraud. Las colonias aisladas sugestivas de C. neoformans se sometieron a identificación y caracterización mediante análisis morfológicos, actividad de la enzima fenol-oxidasa, sensibilidad a la cicloheximida, desarrollo a 37°C, hidrólisis de urea, asimilación de carbono y nitrógeno y fenotipificación en medio canavanina-glicina-azul de bromotimol. La prueba de susceptibilidad antifúngica se realizó utilizando la técnica de difusión en agar. Resultados: se obtuvieron 36 (24%) muestras positivas para C. neoformans, de las cuales 33 fueron de excretas secas y 3 del suelo cercano al excremento. El perfil de susceptibilidad fue de 100.0% para anfotericina B y 87.4% para ketoconazol, no obstante, hubo un alto porcentaje de resistencia a fluconazol (91.5%) e itraconazol (80.0%). Conclusión: estos hallazgos confirman que las excretas de palomas secas son reservorios de C. neoformans en el medio ambiente, caracterizando un problema de salud única. Además, la anfotericina B exhibió una alta actividad in vitro, representando buena alternativa en el tratamiento de la criptococosis.

Introdução: Cryptococcus neoformans é um fungo leveduriforme encapsulado, encontrado em fontes ambientais, incluindo excretas de pombos. Apresenta grande relevância clínica por ser agente etiológico da criptococose, considerada importante causa de mortalidade em indivíduos imunocomprometidos em todo o mundo. Objetivo: determinar a prevalência e suscetibilidade de C. neoformans isolados do solo e de excretas de pombos na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas. Metodologia: foram coletadas 150 amostras (50 de excretas secas, 50 de excretas frescas e 50 do solo) e cultivadas em Ágar Sabouraud Dextrose. As colônias isoladas sugestivas de C. neoformans foram submetidas à identificação e caracterização por meio de análises morfológicas, atividade da enzima fenoloxidase, sensibilidade à cicloheximida, termotolerância à 37ºC, hidrólise da ureia, assimilação de carbono e nitrogênio e quimiotipagem em ágar L-canavanina-glicina-azul de bromotimol. O teste de suscetibilidade antifúngica foi realizado por meio da técnica de difusão em ágar. Resultados: foram obtidas 36 (24%) amostras positivas para C. neoformans, das quais 33 (91,6%) foram provenientes de excretas secas e 3 (8,3%) do solo próximo a excrementos. O perfil de suscetibilidade foi de 100,0% para a anfotericina B e 87,4% para o cetoconazol, não obstante, verificou-se alto percentual de resistência ao fluconazol (91,8%) e itraconazol (80%). Conclusão: estes achados confirmam que excretas de pombos secas são reservatórios de C. neoformans no ambiente, caracterizando um problema de saúde única. Além disso, a anfotericina B apresentou elevada atividade, in vitro, representando boa alternativa no tratamento da criptococose.

trans-Cinnamic acid, but not p-coumaric acid or methyl cinnamate, induces fibroblast migration through PKA- and p38-MAPK signalling pathways.

AIM: Hydroxycinnamic acids their derivatives have various pharmacological properties. The hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, methyl cinnamate, trans-cinnamic, and p-coumaric acids have been the object of study in the treatment of skin wounds. However, it is unclear whether these derivatives exert a direct beneficial effect on fibroblast function. In this study, we evaluated the effects of methyl cinnamate, trans-cinnamic, and p-coumaric acids on fibroblast migration in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NIH 3T3 and L929 fibroblast cell lines were exposed to each drug at several concentrations and the effect on cell viability, cell cycle, and extracellular matrix production were assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The effect on cell migration was examined using scratch assay. RESULTS: The results showed that hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives not affect cell viability, but increase fibroblast migration in the in vitro scratch-wound healing assay. They also induced an increase in S and G2/M phases accompanied by a decrease in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The cell proliferation inhibitor mitomycin C abolished the effect induced by p-coumaric acid and methyl cinnamate, indicating that only the trans-cinnamic acid stimulated migration. A transwell migration assay confirmed that trans-cinnamic acid-treated fibroblasts exhibited increased migration compared with untreated cells. trans-Cinnamic acid-induced fibroblast migration was decreased by PKA inhibitor and p38-MAPK inhibitor but not by JNK inhibitor. Additionally, trans-cinnamic acid-treated fibroblasts showed an increase in the production of laminin and collagen type I. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that trans-cinnamic acid improves fibroblast migration and modulates extracellular matrix synthesis, indicating its potential for accelerating the healing process.

Satisfação profissional e qualidade de vida de enfermeiros de um hospital brasileiro / Satisfacción profesional y calidad de vida de enfermeros en un hospital brasileño / Professional satisfaction and quality of life of nurses in a Brazilian hospital

Objetivo: avaliar a satisfação profissional assim como a qualidade de vida dos enfermeiros de um hospital público brasileiro e analisar a relação entre a satisfação no trabalho e a qualidade de vida dos participantes. Materiais e método: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, realizada com 68 enfermeiros de um hospital onco-hematológico brasileiro. Para a coleta de dados, utilizouse dos questionários: sociodemográfico, World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHoQoL-Bref ) e Índice de Satisfação Profissional. A verifica-ção de associação estatística ocorreu por meio do coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson (r) e de Spearman (ρ), após a suposição de normalidade realizada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Resultados:constatouse baixa satisfação profissional percebida (3,44 pontos), com menores escores na remuneração (1,66) e nas normas organizacionais (2,35), podendo representar obstáculos para a assistência, sendo capazes, inclusive, de culminar na intenção de abandono da carreira. Na qualidade de vida, o domínio físico (65,9 %) apresentou maior contribuição e o ambiente (55,1 %), a pior. Observouse interação positiva entre a satisfação profissional e a qualidade de vida, entretanto de fraca magnitude (r = 0,27), não sendo suficiente inferir a relação determinante de uma variável sobre a outra. Conclusões: evidenciouse que avaliar os fatores do trabalho que interferem na qualidade de vida do enfermeiro pode representar alternativa de identificar elementos que comprometem a produtividade e a assistência, melhorando o atendimento.

Objetivo: evaluar la satisfacción profesional y la calidad de vida de los enfermeros de un hospital público brasileño y analizar la relación entre ambas variables. Materiales y método: investigación descriptiva y cuantitativa realizada con 68 enfermeros de un hospital oncohematológico brasileño. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron los siguientes cuestionarios: sociodemográfico, Calidad de vida de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (WHoQoL-Bref ) y el Índice de satisfacción profesional. La verificación de la asociación estadística se realizó mediante el Coeficiente de Correlación Lineal de Pearson (r) y Spearman (ρ), después de la suposición de normalidad realizada por la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk. Resultados: se encontró una baja satisfacción profesional (3,44 puntos), con puntajes más bajos en lo relacionado con la remuneración (1,66) y las normas organizacionales (2,35), lo que puede representar obstáculos para la asistencia e incluso determinar la intención de abandono de la carrera. En términos de calidad de vida, el dominio físico (65,9 %) representó la mayor contribución, mientras que el medio ambiente (55,1 %) la de menor peso. Además, se evidenció una interacción positiva entre la satisfacción laboral y la calidad de vida, aunque esta fue de baja magnitud (r = 0,27), resultando insuficiente para inferir una relación determinante de una variable sobre otra. Conclusiones: se evidenció que evaluar los factores del trabajo que interfieren en la calidad de vida de los enfermeros puede representar una alternativa para identificar elementos que comprometen la productividad y el servicio, mejoran-do con ello la asistencia prestada por estos profesionales.

Objective: To evaluate the professional satisfaction and the quality of life of nurses in a Brazilian public hospital and analyze the relationship between both variables. Materiales and method: Descriptive and quantitative research, carried out with 68 nurses from a Brazilian oncohematological hospital. Data collection involved the use of the following questionnaires: sociodemographic, World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHoQoL-Bref ), and the Job Satisfaction Index. The verification of statistical association occurred through Pearson's Linear Correlation Coefficient (r) and Spearman (ρ), after the assumption of normality performed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Results: A low perceived professional satisfaction (3.44 points) was identified, with lower scores on remuneration (1.66) and organizational norms (2.35), which may represent possible obstacles to assistance, capable of leading to the intention of leaving the career. Regarding the quality of life, the physical domain (65.9 %) reported the highest contribution, while the environment (55.1 %) the lowest. Positive interaction was observed between job satisfaction and quality of life, although with a low magnitude (r = 0.27), which is not enough to infer the determining relationship of one variable over another. Conclusions:The evidence suggests that evaluating work factors that interfere with nurses' quality of life could represent an alternative to identifying elements that compromise productivity and assistance, thus improving care.

Neutrophils and COVID-19: The road so far.

The SARS-Cov2 infection triggers a multisystem inflammatory disorder, knowing as COVID-19, a pandemic disease. This disease is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine-driven hyperinflammation, and leukocytes count changes. The innate immune response has been linked to COVID-19 immunopathogenesis (e.g., dysfunctional IFN response and myeloid inflammation). In this regard, neutrophils have been highlighted as essential effector cells in the development of COVID-19. This review summarized the significant finds about neutrophils and its effector mechanisms (e.g., neutrophils enzymes and cytokines, neutrophil extracellular traps) in COVID-19 so far.

Autopercepção de saúde de usuárias da atenção primária / Health self-perception of primary care users / Auto-percepción de salud de los usuarios de atención primaria

Objetivo: Determinar a autopercepção de saúde de usuárias da atenção primária e verificar a associação com fatores socioeconômicos, clínicos e experiência de violência. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico, analítico, do tipo transversal realizado com 991 mulheres em 26 Unidades Básica de Vitória, Espirito Santo. Variáveis socioeconômicas, clínicas, de percepção de saúde, e, as experiências de violência praticada pelo parceiro íntimo ao longo da vida foram utilizadas nas análises dos dados. Teste de Regressão de Poisson para análise multivariada foi utilizada para obtenção das razões de prevalência, sendo o ajuste das variáveis realizado pelo método tipo backward, tendo por base o modelo hierárquico. Resultados: mulheres com 40 anos ou mais, não brancas, com escolaridade de até quatro anos, evangélicas e sem trabalho remunerado percebem mais frequentemente a saúde negativamente. Conclusões: características socioeconômicas, clínicas e de experiência de violência por parceiro íntimo podem contribuir para percepção negativa da saúde

Objective:To determine the self-rated health of primary care users and to verify the association with socioeconomic and clinical factors and experience of violence. Methods: epidemiological, analytical, cross-sectional study with 991 women in 26 Basic Units of Vitória, Espirito Santo. Socioeconomic, clinical, health perception, and life-threatening experiences of intimate partner violence were used in data analysis. Poisson regression test for multivariate analysis was used to obtain the prevalence ratios, and the adjustment of variables was performed by the backward method, based on the hierarchical model. Results: women aged 40 years and over, non-white, with education of up to four years, evangelical and without paid work, more often perceive health negatively. Conclusions: socioeconomic, clinical and experience characteristics of intimate partner violence may contribute to negative perception of health

Objetivo: Determinar la salud autoevaluada de los usuarios de atención primaria y verificar la asociación con factores socioeconómicos y clínicos y la experiencia de violencia. Métodos: estudio epidemiológico, analítico, transversal, con 991 mujeres en 26 unidades básicas de Vitória, Espirito Santo. En el análisis de los datos utilizaron variable socioeconómicas, clínicas, de percepción de la salud y que amenazan la vida de la violencia de la pareja. La prueba de regresión de Poisson para el análisis multivariado utilizó para obtener las tasas de prevalencia, y el ajuste de las variables se realizó mediante el método hacia atrás, basado en el modelo jerárquico. Resultados: mujeres de 40 años y más, no blancas, con educación de hasta cuatro años, evangélicas y sin trabajo remunerado, con mayor frecuencia perciben la salud negativamente. Conclusión: las características socioeconómicas, clínicas y de experiencia de la violencia de pareja pueden contribuir a percepción negativa de la salud

Uvaol Improves the Functioning of Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells and Accelerates the Healing of Cutaneous Wounds in Mice.

Uvaol is a natural pentacyclic triterpene that is widely found in olives and virgin olive oil, exerting various pharmacological properties. However, information remains limited about how it affects fibroblasts and endothelial cells in events associated with wound healing. Here, we report the effect of uvaol in the in vitro and in vivo healing process. We show the positive effects of uvaol on migration of fibroblasts and endothelial cells in the scratch assay. Protein synthesis of fibronectin and laminin (but not collagen type I) was improved in uvaol-treated fibroblasts. In comparison, tube formation by endothelial cells was enhanced after uvaol treatment. Mechanistically, the effects of uvaol on cell migration involved the PKA and p38-MAPK signaling pathway in endothelial cells but not in fibroblasts. Thus, the uvaol-induced migratory response was dependent on the PKA pathway. Finally, topical treatment with uvaol caused wounds to close faster than in the control treatment using experimental cutaneous wounds model in mice. In conclusion, uvaol positively affects the behavior of fibroblasts and endothelial cells, potentially promoting cutaneous healing.