Hemodynamic and motion demands of soccer referees: a comparison between series A and B of the State Championship of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Las demandas hemodinámicas y de movimiento de los árbitros de fútbol: una comparación entre las series A y B del Campeonato Estatal de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

Introduction: Soccer referees need excellent conditioning to withstand the physical and psychological demands of games.Objective: To compare the hemodynamic variables, speed, cadence, and distance coursed of referees during soccer gamesof series A and B in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Material and method: The total number of decisions made during the 10 soccer matches evaluated was 1,224 observabledecisions of 10 professional Soccer referees (one per soccer match: 5 in series A and 5 in series B). We used a frequency meter(Polar, model V800, PolarFlow software) and video footage of the games (Sony, model PXW-Z150, 4K). The moments considered were: the decision, 15 seconds that preceded it, and the period from the beginning of each stage to each decision. Were studied the hemodynamic [average heat rate (mean HR), maximum heart rate (HRmax), and minimum heart rate (HRmin)]and motion variables [average speed (Vmed), maximum speed (Vmax), average cadence (cadencemed), maximum cadence(cadencemax), minimum cadence (cadencemin), and distance covered]. Descriptive measures were used to present the resultsof the variables studied and the Student’s T-Test for independent samples to test the study hypotheses. The significance levelwas set at 95% (P <0.05). Results: The matches of series A had a greater number of interventions and greater hemodynamic load at the exact momentof the decision than those of series B. significantly (P <0.05): mean HR, HRmax, HRmin, Vmax, Cadencemed, and Cadencemax in seriesA were higher compared to series B. In the 15 seconds before the decisions: mean HR, HRmax, and HRmin in series A were higherthan in series B, and Vmed in series B was higher in relation to series A. At the exact moment of the decisions: mean HR in seriesA was higher in relation to series B...(AU)

Introducción: Los árbitros de fútbol necesitan un excelente acondicionamiento para soportar las exigencias físicas y psicológicas de los partidos. Objetivo: Comparar las variables hemodinámicas [frecuencia cardíaca media (mean HR), frecuencia cardíaca máxima (HRmax)y frecuencia cardíaca mínima (HRmin)] y desplazamiento [velocidad media (Vmed), velocidad máxima (Vmax), cadencia media(cadencemed), cadencia máxima (cadencemax), cadencia mínima (cadencemin) y distancia recorrida] durante intervencionesarbitrales en partidos entre las series A y B en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Material y método: Se analizaron 1.224 decisiones observables de 10 árbitros profesionales de fútbol cada uno en 1 partido(10 partidos del Campeonato Carioca: 5 en la serie A y 5 en la B). Se utilizaron frecuencímetros (Polar, modelo V800, softwarePolarFlow) y secuencias de video de los juegos (Sony, modelo PXW-Z150, 4K). Los momentos considerados fueron: la decisión,los 15 segundos que la precedieron y el tiempo desde el inicio de cada etapa hasta cada decisión. Resultados: Los partidos de la serie A tuvieron mayor número de intervenciones y mayor carga hemodinámica en el momentoexacto de la decisión que los de la serie B. significativamente (p <0,05): mean HR, HRmax, HRmin, Vmax, cadencemed y cadencemaxin la serie A fueron mayores que en la serie B. En los 15 segundos previos a las decisiones: mean HR, HRmax y HRmin en la serieA fueron mayores con relación a la serie B, la Vmed en la serie B fue mayor en relación a la serie A. Conclusión: Las intervenciones de los árbitros generalmente se realizan bajo presión hemodinámica elevada. Los partidosdisputados en la serie A requieren un número de intervenciones e intensidad hemodinámica superior a los partidos de laserie B...(AU)

Evaluation methods and objectives for neuromuscular and hemodynamic responses subsequent to different rest intervals in resistance training: a systematic review / Métodos de evaluación y objetivos para las respuestas neuromusculares y hemodinámicas posteriores a diferentes intervalos de descanso en el entrenamiento de resistencia: una revisión sistemática

Introduction: The training routine planned, and performed correctly results in exercises that, systematically organized,influence the levels of strength, and muscle hypertrophy. However, the magnitudes of these gains vary considerably. Tooptimize these gains, it is important to underst, and the interaction between training variables such as external load, volume,number of exercises, number of repetitions, duration of repetitions, the order of exercises, number of series, recovery intervalbetween series, and the exercises, as well as the time under tension. The influence of the recovery interval on the responsefollowing exercise on neuromuscular components is very important. However, different objectives, and instruments are usedto evaluate these responses.Objective: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the assessment methods, and objectives for respon-ses after different recovery intervals in strength training. METHODS: The present study is characterized by a systematic reviewstudy. Articles found in the following databases were considered for the systematic review: Scopus, PubMed / MEDLINE, Webof Science, Cochrane Library. The following descriptors, and their respective synonyms according to the terms MeSH wereused in the databases, both singular, and plural: “Resistance Training”, “Rest Interval”, and “Bech Press”. As filters were used: a)species (humans), and type of study (original).Results: Seven studies were analyzed that met the established criteria.Conclusion: The studies presented have verified the influence of different recovery intervals on muscle, and hemodynamicresponses. Evaluating image measurements such as ultrasound, and resonance, blood measurements such as GH, Testosterone,IGF-1, and Lactate, number of repetitions for performance, and fatigue, as well as heart rate, and blood pressure.(AU)

Introducción: La rutina de entrenamiento planificada y realizada correctamente da como resultado ejercicios que, organizadossistemáticamente, influyen en los niveles de fuerza e hipertrofia muscular. Sin embargo, las magnitudes de estas gananciasvarían considerablemente. Para optimizar estas ganancias, es importante comprender la interacción entre las variables deentrenamiento como la carga externa, el volumen, el número de ejercicios, el número de repeticiones, la duración de lasrepeticiones, el orden de los ejercicios, el número de series, el intervalo de recuperación entre series y los ejercicios, así comoel tiempo bajo tensión. La influencia del intervalo de recuperación en la respuesta después del ejercicio en los componentesneuromusculares es muy importante. Sin embargo, se utilizan diferentes objetivos e instrumentos para evaluar estas respuestas.Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de los métodos y objetivos de evaluación paralas respuestas posteriores a los diferentes intervalos de recuperación en el entrenamiento de fuerza. MÉTODOS: El presenteestudio se caracteriza por un estudio de revisión sistemática. Los artículos encontrados en las siguientes bases de datos seconsideraron para la revisión sistemática: Scopus, PubMed / MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library. Los siguientes des-criptores y sus respectivos sinónimos según los términos MeSH se utilizaron en las bases de datos, tanto en singular como enplural: “Entrenamiento de resistencia”, “Intervalo de descanso” y “Bench Press”. Como filtros se utilizaron: a) especies (humanos)y tipo de estudio (original).Resultados: Se analizaron siete estudios que cumplieron con los criterios establecidos.Conclusión: Los estudios presentados han verificado la influencia de diferentes intervalos de recuperación en las respuestasmusculares y hemodinámicas. Evaluación de mediciones de imagen como ultrasonido y resonancia...(AU)

The reproducibility of the 1hz gps in the aciclic displacement with intermittent intensity / La reproducibilidad del gps de 1 hz en desplazamiento acíclico con intensidad intermitente

Objective: the aim of this study was to verify the reproducibility index of the frequency meter with GPS technology with recording speed of 1Hz in acyclic displacement and intermittent intensity, performed by soccer referees. Materials and methods: it was characterized by a field study with a quantitative trait involving 14 men, aged 20.42 ± 2.78 years, from a barracks in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Polar heart rate monitor with 1Hz GPS model V800 was used. The protocol used was adapted from the FIFA test protocol for soccer referees, so that 10 "shots" of 75m in 15s were accomplished by 25m in 20 of recovery. Testing and retest were applied with 7 days interval and identical protocols: heating, ambiance (4 "shots" following the model of the protocol above) and then the test. Since the circuit covered in the test protocol was 1000 m. Results: a mean of 1002.5 ± 17.12 m was obtained in the test and in the test 1010.83 ± 32.88 m, the coefficients of variation were respectively 1% and 3%. The difference was not significant between the test and the retest (P-value> 0.05), and the intraclass correlation coefficient indicated a moderate association between the measures. Conclusion: therefore, it is suggested that it is acceptable to use a frequency gauge with a recording speed of 1Hz to monitor displacements of soccer referees in acyclic displacement and intermittent intensity..Au

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar el índice de reproducibilidad del medidor de frecuencia con tecnología GPS con velocidad de grabación de 1Hz en desplazamiento acíclico e intensidad intermitente, realizado por árbitros de fútbol. Materiales y métodos: se caracterizó por un estudio de campo con un rasgo cuantitativo que involucró a 14 hombres, de 20.42 ± 2.78 años, de un cuartel en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Se utilizó un monitor de frecuencia cardíaca polar con GPS 1Hz modelo V800. El protocolo utilizado fue adaptado del protocolo de prueba de la FIFA para los árbitros de fútbol, de modo que se lograron 10 "tiros" de 75 m en 15 segundos por 25 m en 20 de recuperación. La prueba y la nueva prueba se aplicaron con un intervalo de 7 días y protocolos idénticos: calentamiento, ambiente (4 "disparos" siguiendo el modelo del protocolo anterior) y luego la prueba. Dado que el circuito cubierto en el protocolo de prueba fue de 1000 m. Resultados: se obtuvo una media de 1002.5 ± 17.12 m en la prueba y en la prueba 1010.83 ± 32.88 m, los coeficientes de variación fueron respectivamente 1% y 3%. La diferencia no fue significativa entre la prueba y la nueva prueba (valor P> 0.05), y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase indicó una asociación moderada entre las medidas. Conclusión: por lo tanto, se sugiere que sea aceptable usar un medidor de frecuencia con una velocidad de grabación de 1Hz para monitorear los desplazamientos de los árbitros de fútbol en desplazamiento acíclico e intensidad intermitente..Au

Performance of brazilian university handball players in the vertical jump after maximum strength training

This study aimed to analyze the performance of the vertical jump with counter movement (CMJ), in university handball athletes, immediately after the maximum strength training in multiple series and after 10 and 15min of rest. Twelve male athletes participated, age 20.9±2.4 years old, height 1.78±0.05m and Body Mass Index (BMI) 28.74±8.1kg/m2. After the tests and retests of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) for the dominant and non-dominant sides, in the leg extension, the volunteers performed crossover after 48 hours of the training sessions. CMJ measurements were collected before and immediately after each training protocol and after 10 and 15min of rest. Passive recovery between sets was three minutes. The intervals between training protocols were at least 45min. There were no statistical differences for the CMJ between the moments pre-, post-training session, 10 and 15min of rest in the different protocols, but progressive increases in the CMJ variables were observed, extending up to the 15th minute of rest, in all training protocols when comparing the results of the means of the CMJ variables of the moments post-training session, 10 and 15min of rest with the averages of the variables from the pre-training session, being more evident in the alternate unilateral protocol, which, unlike the other protocols of the study, performed series with the two lower limbs. It was evidenced that the training protocols of short duration and with high dynamic efforts, previously performed, influenced the performance of the CMJ, favoring for the transient improvement of the explosive muscular strength of the athletes.

Análise do exercício agachamento com e sem o uso de physioball e banda elástica em diferentes intensidades / Analysis of the squat exercise with and without physioball and elastic band in different intensities

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a atividade mioelétrica (EMG), o tempo sob tensão (TST) e a projeção dos joelhos no exercício agachamento sem o uso de implementos (SI) e com o uso de physioball (PH) e banda elástica (BE) em diferentes intensidades de esforço. Dez homens realizaram o exercício nos três protocolos com a intensidade de 50 e 100% de 10 RM. A distância entre joelhos no protocolo controle (51,25cm) foi menor quando comparada com o SI 50% (84,38cm; p < 0,001), com o SI 100% (88,80cm; p < 0,001) e com BE 100% (67,41cm; p = 0,014). A distância entre os joelhos também foi menor para os protocolos PH 100% (53,10cm; p < 0,001) e BE 100% (67,41cm; p < 0,001) comparada ao SI 100% (88,80cm). O Vasto Medial Oblíquo (VMO) apresentou maior ativação nos protocolos SI 50% (p = 0,035) e PH 50% (p = 0,028) quando comparados ao protocolo BE 50%. A realização do agachamento com cargas submáximas parece aumentar e diminuir a ativação do VMO quando realizado com PH e BE, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to analyze the myoelectric activity (EMG), the time under tension (TST) and the knee projection in the squat exercise without the use of implements (SI) and with the use of physioball (PH) and elastic band (EB) at different intensities of effort. Ten men performed the exercise in the three protocols with the intensity of 50 and 100% of 10 RM. The distance between knees in the control protocol (51.25 cm) was lower when compared to SI 50% (84.38 cm, p <0.001), with SI 100% (88.80 cm, p <0.001) and with EB 100% (67.41cm, p = 0.014). The distance between the knees was also lower for the protocols PH 100% (53.10cm, p <0.001) and EB 100% (67.41, p <0.001) compared to the SI 100% (88.80 cm) protocols. The Vasto Medial Oblique (VMO) presented greater activation in the SI 50% protocols (p = 0.035) and PH 50% (p = 0.028) when compared to the EB 50% protocol. The accomplishment of squatting with submaximal loads seems to increase and decrease the activation of VMO when performed with physioball and BE, respectively.

Efeito de diferentes intensidades sobre a atividade mioelétrica do vasto lateral, tempo sob tensão, e deslocamento angular durante séries múltiplas na cadeira extensora / Effect of different intensities on the mioelectric activity of vastus lateralis, time under tension, and angular displacement during multiple sets on leg extension exercise

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito das diferentes intensidades sobre a atividade mioelétrica do vasto lateral, deslocamento angular e tempo sob tensão do membro preferido durante séries múltiplas na cadeira extensora. Participaram do estudo 9 mulheres de 24±3,4 anos, 62,4±11,7 kg,1,64±0,05 m praticantes de musculação (mínimo de 6 meses). Durante três dias não consecutivos as voluntárias foram avaliadas no exercício de extensão de joelho na máquina apenas com o membro preferido. No primeiro dia foram realizados o teste e reteste de 10 repetições máximas (RM). No segundo e terceiro dias foram realizadas sessões de quatros séries com intensidade de 80% ou 90% de 10RM de forma aleatória, com intervalo de um minuto entre as séries. A atividade mioelétrica do vasto lateral (VL) foi monitorada. O tempo sob tensão e deslocamento angular também foram registrados. Considerando o deslocamento angular, houve diferença significativa no P80 comparado ao P90 nas séries 2 (p = 0,049), 3 (p = 0,046) e 4 (p = 0,023), respectivamente. Adicionalmente, verificou-se uma atividade mioelétrica normalizada superior na série 3 no P80 comparada ao P90 (p = 0,004). Não houve diferença significativa entre os protocolos para o tempo sob tensão e desempenho de repetições (p > 0,05). Portanto, o aumento no sinal mioelétrico observado entre intensidades relativas a 10RM (80 vs 90%) parece não apresentar uma associação com desempenho de repetições múltiplas máximas, sugerindo que ambas as intensidades relativas podem ser aplicadas como variações em programas de treinamento ou reabilitação de lesões sem prejuízos no volume de treino no exercício cadeira extensora unilateral para o membro preferido...U)

The purpose of the present study was to verify the effect of the different training intensities on the myoelectric activity of the vastus lateralis, angular displacement and time under tension of the preferred member during multiple sets in unilateral leg extension exercise. A total of 9 women aged 24 ± 3.4 years, 62.4 ± 11.7 kg, 1.64 ± 0.05 m bodybuilders (minimum 6 months) participated in the study. For three nonconsecutive days the volunteers were evaluated in leg extension exercise. On the first day, the test and retest of 10 repetition maximum loads (RM) were performed. On the second and third days, four sets were performed with an intensity of 80% or 90% of 10RM in a randomized order, with a one-minute rest interval between the sets. The myoelectric activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) was monitored. The time under tension and angular displacement were also recorded. Considering the angular displacement, there was a significant difference in P80 compared to P90 in set 2 (p = 0.049), 3 (p = 0.046) and 4 (p = 0.023), respectively. Regarding the myoelectric activity, there was a significant increase in P80 versus P90 in set 3 (p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference between the protocols for time under tension and repetition performance (p> 0.05). Therefore, the increase in myoelectric signal observed between intensities relative to 10RM (80 vs 90%) does not appear to be associated with maximal multiple repetition performance, suggesting that both relative intensities can be applied as variations in training programs or injury rehabilitation without impairment in training volume in unilateral leg extension of the preferred member...AU)

Pain perception and low back pain functional disability after a 10-week core and mobility training program: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 10-week core and mobility training program on pain perception and low back disability score in professors, students and employees of a university. METHODS: Twenty-four individuals of a university who previously reported pain and low back disability were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG; n= 8) that received 2 weekly sessions of 50 minutes of core and mobility training for 10 weeks; or to a control group (CG; n= 16). Both groups received a guideline to adopt ergonomic postures during work and activities of daily living. The visual analog pain scale (VAS) and the Roland-Morris questionnaire (RMQ) were applied pre- and post intervention. RESULTS: Significant reductions in the pain intensity perception (p= 0.014) and low back functional disability (p= 0.011) were noted in the EG pre- and post measures. However, no significant difference was observed in the CG. Thus, there was a significant difference between the EG and the CG in the post-intervention measures (p= 0.001). CONCLUSION: Core and mobility training and home-ergonomic instructions were effective to reduce the pain intensity perception and low back functional disability in the EG.

Myoeletric indices of fatigue adopting different rest intervals during leg press sets.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of different rest intervals between multiple sets of the 45° angled leg press exercise (LP45) on surface electromyographic (SEMG) spectral and amplitude indices of fatigue. METHODS: Fifteen recreationally trained females performed three protocols in a randomized crossover design; each consisting of four sets of 10 repetitions with 1 (P1), 3 (P3), or 5 (P5) minute rest intervals between sets. Each set was performed with 70% of the LP45 ten-repetition maximum load. The SEMG data for biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles was then evaluated. RESULTS: The SEMG amplitude change in the time coefficient (CRMS) and spectral fatigue index (Cf5) indicated higher levels of fatigue for all muscles evaluated during the P3 protocol versus the P1 and P5 protocols (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. The RF and VL muscles showed greater fatigue levels by the second and third sets; whereas, greater fatigue was shown in the VM and BF muscles by the fourth set (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A three-minute rest interval between sets might represent a neuromuscular window between a fatigue stated and fully recovered state in the context of neural activation. Moreover, a three minute rest interval between sets might allow for consistent recruitment of high threshold motor units over multiple sets, and thus promote a more effective stimulus for strength gains.

Muscle strength, gh and igf-1 in older women submitted to land and aquatic resistance training / Força muscular, gh e igf-1 em idosas submetidas ao treinamento de força no solo e na água / Fuerza muscular, gh e igf-1 en adultas mayores sometidas al entrenamiento de fuerza en suelo y agua

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging leads to decline in multiple organ systems associated to hormone alterations and loss of muscle mass and strength. Objective: To evaluate the effects of land and water resistance training on muscle strength, basal serum levels of GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in elderly women. Methods: Subjects were distributed in three groups: land resistance training (LRT; n=10; age: 66.10±2.77 years), water resistance training (WRT; n=10; age: 67.10±3.54 years) and control (CG; n=10; age: 68.80±5.41 years). Muscle strength was assessed with the 1-RM test in bench press (BP) and leg press (LP) exercises. Serum levels of GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 were analyzed by chemiluminescence. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA showed elevated muscle strength in the BP only in LRT (D%=60.2%; p=0.0001) when compared to the CG (D%=46.73%, p=0.0001) and WRT (D%=32.49%, p=0.004). LRT and WRT increased muscle strength in LP (D%LRT=57.14%; p=0.004; D%WRT=42.3%; p=0.033). There was an increase in LRT and WRT in the LP when compared to CG (D%=45.59%, p=0.019; D%=43.97%, p=0.026, respectively). IGF-1 was elevated only in LRT (D%=49.72%, p=0.004) from pre- to post-test and when compared to WRT (D%=56.76%, p=0.002) and CG (D%=74.63%, p=0.0001). IGFBP3 levels showed that only WRT increased (D%=26.79%, p=0.044) from pre- to post-test. The IGF-1/IGFBP3 ratio demonstrated that LRT reached intragroup elevation (D%=52.66%, p=0.002) and when compared to WRT (D%=94.11%, p=0.0001) and CG (D%=73.45%, p=0.0001). There was no significant difference in GH. Conclusion: Land resistance training may provide better anabolic effects in elderly women.

RESUMO Introdução: O envelhecimento leva ao declínio de múltiplos sistemas de órgãos associado a alterações hormonais e perda de massa e força muscular. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento de força no meio terrestre e aquático sobre a força muscular e os níveis séricos basais de GH, IGF-1 e IGFBP3 em mulheres idosas. Métodos: Os indivíduos foram distribuídos em três grupos: treinamento de força no meio terrestre (TFT; n = 10; idade: 66,10 ± 2,77 anos), treinamento de força na água (TFA; n = 10; idade: 67,10 ± 3,54 anos) e grupo controle (GC; n = 10; idade: 68,80 ± 5,41 anos). A força muscular foi avaliada pelo teste de 1-RM nos exercícios supino reto (SR) e leg press (LP). Os níveis séricos de GH, IGF-1 e IGFBP3 foram analisados por quimioluminescência. Resultados: O teste ANOVA com medidas repetidas mostrou aumento da força muscular no SR só no TFT (∆% = 60,2%; p = 0,0001) quando comparado ao GC (∆% = 46,73%, p = 0,0001) e TFA (∆% = 32,49%, p=0,004). TFT e TFA aumentaram a força muscular no LP (∆% TFT = 57,14%; p = 0,004; ∆% TFA = 42,3%; p = 0,033). Houve um aumento no TFT e TFA no LP em comparação com o GC (∆% = 45,59%, p = 0,019; ∆% = 43,97%, p = 0,026, respectivamente). IGF-1 aumentou só no TFT (∆% = 49,72%, p = 0,004) do pré para o pós-teste e quando comparado ao TFA (∆% = 56,76%, p = 0,002) e ao GC (∆% = 74,63%, p = 0,0001). Os níveis de IGFBP3 mostraram aumento apenas no TFA (∆% = 26,79%, p = 0,044) do pré para o pós-teste. A razão IGF-1/IGFBP3 demonstrou que TFT atingiu elevação intragrupo (∆% = 52,66%, p = 0,002) e quando comparado ao TFA (∆% = 94,11%, p = 0,0001) e CG (∆% = 73,45%, p = 0,0001). Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas no GH. Conclusão: O treinamento de força no meio terrestre produziu maior efeito anabólico nas idosas.

RESUMEN Introducción: El envejecimiento lleva al declive de múltiples sistemas de órganos, asociado a cambios hormonales y pérdida de masa y fuerza muscular. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en el medio terrestre y acuático sobre la fuerza muscular y los niveles séricos basales de GH, IGF-1 e IGFBP3 en mujeres mayores. Métodos: Los individuos fueron distribuidos en tres grupos: entrenamiento de fuerza en medio terrestre (EFT; n = 10; edad: 66,10 ± 2,77 años), entrenamiento de fuerza en medio acuático (EFA; n = 10; edad: 67,10 ± 3,54 años) y grupo control (GC, n = 10; edad = 68,80 ± 5,41 años). La fuerza muscular se evaluó por la prueba de 1-RM en los ejercicios de press de banca (PB) y prensa de pierna (PP). Los niveles séricos de GH, IGF-1 e IGFBP3 se analizaron por quimioluminiscencia. Resultados: La prueba ANOVA con medidas repetidas mostró aumento de la fuerza muscular en el PB sólo en el EFS (∆% = 60,2%; p = 0,0001) en comparación al GC (∆% = 46,73%, p = 0,0001) y EFA (∆% = 32,49%, p = 0,004). EFS y EFA aumentaron la fuerza muscular en la PP (∆%EFS = 57,14%; p = 0,004; ∆%EFA = 42,3%; p = 0,033). Se observó un aumento en el EFS y EFA en la PP en comparación con el GC (∆% = 45,59%, p = 0,019; ∆% = 43,97%, p = 0,026, respectivamente). IGF-1 aumentó sólo en el EFS (∆% = 49,72%; p = 0,004) del pre para el post-test y en comparación con el EFA (∆% = 56,76%; p = 0,002) y al GC (∆% = 74,63%; p = 0,0001). Los niveles de IGFBP3 mostraron aumento sólo en el EFS (∆% = 26,79%; p = 0,044) del pre para el post-test. La razón IGF-1/IGFBP3 demostró que EFS alcanzó elevación intragrupo (∆% = 52,66%; p = 0,002) y en comparación al EFA (∆% = 94,11%, p = 0,0001) y GC (∆% = 73,45%; p = 0,0001). No se observaron diferencias significativas en el GH. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de fuerza en el medio terrestre produjo un mayor efecto anabólico en las mujeres mayores.

Occurrence and type of sports injuries in elite young Brazilian soccer players / Ocurrencia y el tipo de lesiones deportivas en los jóvenes jugadores de fútbol brasileños de élite

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the injuries affected in young soccer athletes of high performance categories, under (U) -11, U-13, U-15, U-17 and U-20 years and the associations between the variables related the injuries. Material and method: Data were collected from medical records of the medical department of 143 injured athletes belonging to a club in the first division of the Brazilian Championship. The young athletes were evaluated in the following categories: under (U) -11, n = 30 (10.45 ± 0.5 years), U-13, n = 34 (12.15 ± 0.3 years) U-15, n = 23 (14.56 ± 0.4 years), U-17, n = 24 (16.52 ± 0.5 years), U-20, n = 32 (18.24 ± 0.6 years). Data collection was conducted from January 2014 to November 2014 (11 months). The data were analyzed and classified according to the categories and the lesions identified as per the recommendations of the study group in injury FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre. Results: The results showed that there was a total of 200 lesions in all categories, the teams U-15, U-17, U-20 stood out with the greatest occurrences of injuries (p<0.05) and index of injuries (p<0.05). The Pearson correlation test showed a positive and significant coefficient of correlation (r = 0.879; p < 0.05) between index of injuries and hours of game. Conclusions:It was observed that the occurrence and characteristics of lesions of young soccer players in different categories are higher according to the increasing number of games and that the older groups demonstrate a greater number of lesions more similar to those in adults

Introducción: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las lesiones en los jóvenes futbolistas en categorías de alto rendimiento barro (SUB) -11, SUB -13, SUB-15, SUB-17 and SUB-20 años y las asociaciones entre las variables relacionadas con las lesiones. Material y métodos: Se recogieron datos de los registros médicos del departamento médico de 143 jóvenes futbolistas pertenecientes a un club de la primera división del Campeonato Brasileño. Los jóvenes futbolistas fueron evaluados en las siguientes categorías: SUB -11, n = 30 (10,45 ± 0,5 años), SUB-13, n = 34 (12,15 ± 0,3 años), SUB-15, n = 23 (14,56 ± 0,4 años), SUB-17, n = 24 (16,52 ± 0,5 años) y SUB-20, n = 32 (18,24 ± 0,6 años). La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo a partir de enero 2014 a noviembre 2014 (11 meses). Los datos fueron analizados y clasificados por las categorías y las lesiones identificadas de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del grupo de estudio en la lesión de Evaluación Médica de la FIFA y el Centro de Investigación. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que hubo un total de 200 lesiones en todas las categorías. Los equipos B-15, B-17 y B-20 se destacaron con las mayores ocurrencias de lesiones (p<0,05) y el índice de lesiones (p<0,05). La prueba de correlación de Pearson mostró un coeficiente de correlación positivo y significativo (r = 0,879; p <0,05) entre el índice de lesiones y horas de juego. Conclusiones: Se observó que la incidencia y características de las lesiones de los jóvenes futbolistas en diferentes categorías son más altos de acuerdo con el aumento del número de juegos y que los grupos de mayor edad demuestran un mayor número de lesiones más similares a las de los adultos

Electromyography Activation of the Lower-Limb Muscles Adopting a Physioball and Elastic Band to Stabilize the Knee Joint During Multiple Sets With Submaximal Loads.

STUDY DESIGN: Crossover design. CONTEXT: Excessive valgus and varus force which affected the knee joint during dynamic tasks has been often associated to lower extremity injuries. Strategies to increase the resistance against these asymmetries (eg, the use of a physioball between the knees or elastic bands around the knees) are often applied in rehabilitation and conditioning programs. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of performing leg press (LP) 45° using a physioball and elastic band over multiple sets with submaximal loads on electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and fatigue indices. METHODS: 18 trained females volunteered (age: 24.4 ± 2.1 y; height: 168.1 ± 4 cm; body mass: 65.1 ± 4.4 kg) participated in this study. The 10 repetition maximum (RM) loads were determined for the LP. Then, 3 experimental protocols were followed in a randomized crossover design over 3 nonconsecutive days: control protocol-the participants performed 4 LP sets; physioball between knees-4 LP sets were performed with the physioball between the knees; elastic band-4 LP sets were performed with the elastic band involving the knees. Ten repetitions were performed during each set with 70% of 10-RM loads; EMG spectral indices (CRMS and Cf5) was collected from the biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles. RESULTS: Higher levels of CRMS and Cf5 were noted for RF, VL, and VM muscles using the physioball and elastic band when compared with control protocol, respectively. CRMS index of BF muscle was significantly higher using physioball and elastic band protocol versus control condition, respectively. CONCLUSION: Therefore, both physioball and elastic band can be adopted during LP with the goal to reduce excessive varus and valgus forces, respectively, even performing consecutive sets with submaximal loads. Furthermore, this may be an interesting alternative to increasing quadriceps activation and improving the knee joint stabilization.

Índice de massa corporal e desempenho cardiorrespiratório em militares / Índice de masa corporal y desempeño cardiorrespiratorio en militares / Index body mass and cardiorespiratory performance in militaries

Introdução: É necessário que os militares mantenham um condicionamento físico que os capacite ao desempenho de suas funções. Por questões de testes rotineiros e ou por detecção de estado de saúde, investigar parâmetros de condicionamento físico se faz necessário. Objetivo: Identificar se existe correlação entre o Índice de massa corporal e o desempenho de militares no teste de Cooper. Métodos: Pesquisa original do tipo descritiva por correlação entre dados, com corte transversal. A amostra foi composta por 32 policiais do serviço administrativo do Batalhão de Ações com Cães da Policia Militar do estado do Rio de Janeiro, voluntários, com 39,84±3,08 anos de idade, todos do sexo masculino. Foi feita a medição de massa corporal e estatura dos policiais, a fim de obter o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), além disso, foi aplicado testes de Cooper (12 minutos). Resultados: Os valores de IMC foram 27,02 ± 3,14 e Cooper 2479,06 ± 270,73m. Com a realização desses testes foi verificado correlação moderada entre ambos. A correlação foi feita através do coeficiente de Pearson que resultou r=-0,52 e um nível de significância de 0,002. Conclusão: Os policiais apresentaram maior frequência de sobrepeso, porém tal fator parece não influenciar no nível de aptidão física destes indivíduos, uma vez que a maior parte da amostra teve bom desempenho no teste de Cooper(AU)

Introducción: Es necesario que los militares mantengan un condicionamiento físico que los capacite para el desempeño de sus trabajos. Por motivos de pruebas rutinarias y / o por detección de estado de salud, investigar parámetros de acondicionamiento físico se hace necesario. Objetivo: identificar si existe una correlación entre el índice de masa corporal y el rendimiento militar en la prueba de Cooper. Métodos: estudio original de tipo descriptivo por correlación entre datos, con corte transversal. Se incluyeron 32 agentes hombres del Departamento Administrativo del batallón de acciones con los perros de la policía militar del estado de Río de Janeiro, con 39,84 ± 3,08 años de edad. Se encontró la altura y el peso de los sujetos para obtener el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), además, se aplicó la prueba de Cooper (12 minutos). Resultados: los valores de IMC fueron 27,02 ± 3,14 y Cooper 2479,06 ± 270,73m. Con la realización de estas pruebas se encontró correlación moderada entre ambos. La correlación se realizó mediante el coeficiente de Pearson r = -0,52 dado y un nivel de significación de 0,002. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los agentes de policía mostraron sobrepeso, pero este factor no influyó en el nivel de forma física de estas personas, ya que la mayoría de la muestra tuvo un buen rendimiento en la prueba de Cooper(AU)

Introduction: It is necessary for the military to maintain a physical condition that enables them to perform their jobs. For reasons of routine testing and / or detection of health status, investigating physical fitness parameters is necessary. Objective: This study aimed to Identify if there is a correlation between the index body mass and the cooper test and the performance of militaries in the cooper test. Methods: Original research of the descriptive type by correlation between data, with cross-section. The sample was composed for 32 policies of the administrative service of the Action's Battallion with dogs of the military police of the Rio de Janeiro state, with voluntaries with 39,84 ±3,08 years old, all of male. It was made the measurement of the corporal mass and the height of the policies to obtain the index body mass, and it was applied the cooper test (12 minutes). Results: The BMI values were 27.02 ± 3.14 and Cooper 2479.06 ± 270.73m. With the tests a moderate influence of BMI was observed in the outcome of the Cooper test. The correlation was made with the Pearson's coefficient that result r=-0,52 and a significance level of 0,002. Conclusions: The police had higher frequency of overweight, however this factor apparently not influence the physical aptitude of this men, once the bigger part of the sample had a good performance in the cooper test(AU)

Lombalgia em professores de musculação da zona oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro / Low back pain among bodybuilding professors of the West zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor lombar é um dos sintomas musculoesqueléticos mais comuns nas sociedades industrializadas, de acordo a Organização Mundial de Saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência de dor lombar em professores que atuam na atividade de musculação em academias de ginástica no município do Rio de Janeiro e verificar as correlações entre idade, tempo de trabalho, horas de trabalho e intensidade da dor lombar. MÉTODOS: Foi aplicado o Questionário adaptado do Quebec Pain Disability Scale em 50 professores de Educação Física de ambos os gêneros (idade=31,86±6,86 anos) que trabalham na musculação em academias de ginástica, com jornada semanal mínima de 12h de trabalho, e ao menos três anos de atuação prática na área. O trabalho foi caracterizado como um estudo descritivo, de corte transversal do tipo Survey. RESULTADOS: Dos 50 professores entrevistados, 62% alegaram não sentir qualquer tipo de desconforto na região lombar, enquanto apenas 38% afirmaram sentir algum tipo de dor. Desses, 20% alegaram que a manifestação da dor é diária, 6% semanal e 12% relataram que as dores são mensais. Sobre a intensidade da dor em seu pior momento, 14% afirmaram ser suave, 20% moderada e apenas 6% relataram dores intensas. Observou-se correlação positiva e significativa (p<0,05) entre a idade e tempo de trabalho e entre tempo de trabalho e intensidade da dor lombar. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de dor lombar não foi alta nos profissionais pesquisados da amostra. Os resultados apontam que os indivíduos com mais idade e que possuem mais tempo de trabalho são os que apresentam dor lombar em níveis mais elevados.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal symptoms in industrialized societies, according to the World Health Organization. This study aimed at investigating the prevalence of low back pain among bodybuilding professors of fitness centers of the city of Rio de Janeiro and at observing correlations between age, working time, working hours and low back pain intensity. METHODS: The adapted questionnaire of the Quebec Pain Disability Scale was applied to 50 physical education professors of both genders (age = 31.86±6.86 years) working with bodybuilding in fitness centers, with minimum weekly working hours of 12h, and at least three years acting in the area. This was a survey-type descriptive cross-sectional study. RESULTS: From 50 interviewed professors, 62% have stated not feeling any type of lumbar discomfort, while just 38% have stated feeling some type of pain. From these, 20% have stated feeling daily pain, 6% weekly and 12% have reported monthly pain. About pain intensity in its worst moment, 14% have stated it is mild, 20% moderate and just 6% have reported severe pain. There has been positive and significant correlation (p<0.05) between age and working time and between working time and low back pain intensity. CONCLUSION: Low back pain prevalence was not high among interviewed professionals. Results show that older individuals working for a longer time are those with more severe low back pain.