Seeds of nonhost species as sources of toxic compounds for the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.).

Cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus, is the primary pest of stored cowpea seeds. The management of this infestation currently relies on insecticides, resulting in environmental pollution and selection of insecticide-resistant pests. Consequently, research efforts are being devoted to identify natural insecticides as sustainable and environment friendly alternatives for the control of C. maculatus. In this study, we explore the toxic effects of the nonhost seeds Parkia multijuga, Copaifera langsdorffii, Ormosia arborea, Amburana cearensis, Lonchocarpus guilleminianus, Sapindus saponaria, and Myroxylon peruiferum, on the cowpea weevil C. maculatus. Notably, all nonhost seeds led to reductions between 60 and 100% in oviposition by C. maculatus females. Additionally, the larvae were unable to penetrate the nonhost seeds. Artificial seeds containing 0.05% to 10% of cotyledon flour were toxic to C. maculatus larvae. Approximately 40% of larvae that consumed seeds containing 0.05% of O. arborea failed to develop, in contrast to control larvae. Proteomic analysis of A. cearensis and O. arborea seeds identify revealed a total of 371 proteins. From those, 237 are present in both seeds, 91 were exclusive to O. arborea seeds, and 43 were specific to A. cearensis seeds. Some of these proteins are related to defense, such as proteins containing the cupin domain and 11S seed storage protein. The in silico docking of cupin domain-containing proteins and 11S storage protein with N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)4 showed negative values of affinity energy, indicating spontaneous binding. These results showed that nonhost seeds have natural insecticide compounds with potential to control C. maculatus infestation.

Effect of topical application of ibuprofen/arginine on the in-office bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity: A randomized, triple-blind controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The application of anti-inflammatories as topical desensitizers before dental bleaching is an approach to reduce bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity (TS). This randomized controlled trial compared the risk and intensity of TS and the color change resulting from in-office dental bleaching after using an experimental desensitizing gel containing ibuprofen and arginine. METHODS: Sixty-two participants with upper canine shades A2 or darker were randomly assigned to either the ibuprofen-arginine desensitizing group or the placebo group. The desensitizing gel was applied for 15 min before in-office bleaching with 35 % hydrogen peroxide gel for 50 min (2 sessions). To assess the absolute risk and intensity of TS, visual (0-10) and numeric rating (0-5) scales were used, and group comparisons were made using the McNemar test, Wilcoxon test, and paired Student t-test (α = 0.05). Color change was evaluated using Vita Classical, Vita Bleachedguide (ΔSGU), and Vita EasyShade (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID) before and one month after the bleaching procedure. Group comparisons for color change were done using a paired t-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The odds ratio for TS was 0.14 [95 % CI 0.02 to 0.6], meaning lower odds of TS for the desensitizing gel. A lower intensity of TS was also observed for the experimental group (p < 0.005) up to 48 h after bleaching. All color evaluation tools demonstrated effective and similar whitening for both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using the experimental desensitizing gel containing ibuprofen and arginine effectively reduced the risk and intensity of TS without compromising the bleaching efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The topical application of ibuprofen/arginine on the in-office bleaching reduced risk and intensity of bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity.

ALDH1 immunoexpression in epithelial and stromal cells of oral lichen planus and lesions with lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate

Background: Oral Lichen Planus is a potential malignant disorder and shares clinical and histopathological features with other similar lesions. ALDH1 is a specific biomarker for stem cells identification, however its role in stromal cells of immune inflammatory infiltrate has not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the ALDH1 immunoexpression in epithelial and stromal cells of Oral Lichen Planus and other lesions with lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate. Material and Methods: 64 samples of Oral Lichen Planus, Oral Lichenoid Lesions, Oral Leukoplakia and Unspecific Chronic Inflammation were included. ALDH1 was evaluated in both epithelium and stromal cells. ALDH1+ cells ≥ 5% were considered positive in epithelium. Stromal cells were evaluated semi quantitatively. Fields were ranked in scores, according to criteria: 1 (0 to 10%); 2 (11 to 50%) and 3 (>50%). The mean value of the sum of the fields was the final score. Statistical differences among groups were investigated, considering p < 0.05. Results: ALDH1 expression in epithelium was low in all groups without difference among them. ALDH1+ cells in the lamina propria were higher for Lichen Planus [2.0], followed by Leukoplakia [1.3], Lichenoid lesions [1.2] and control [1.1] (p<0.05). Conclusions: ALDH1 immunoexpression in epithelium of lichenoid potential malignant disorders did not show a contributory tool, however ALDH1 in stromal cells of lichen planus might be involved in the complex process of immune regulation associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. (AU)

Factors associated with extreme weight loss behaviors among adolescents of Northeastern Brazil: a hierarchical approach.

The objective of this article is to identify the prevalence and evaluate the factors associated with extreme weight loss behaviors among adolescents of Northeastern Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 2,439 adolescents from Sample 2 (2015) of the National School-based Health Survey. Extreme weight loss behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, laxative use and use of medicines or formulas (outcome) and independent variables were evaluated using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed following a hierarchical conceptual model. The prevalence of extreme weight loss behaviors in the sample was 12.1%. Among the factors that showed significant association with the outcome, we emphasize the administration model of the private school (PR = 0.62; CI = 0.46-0.84), bullying related to body appearance and for other reasons (PR = 1.62; CI = 1.19-2.20), forced sexual intercourse (PR = 2.65; CI = 1.90-3.69), insomnia (PR = 1.84; CI = 1.43-2.37), and be perceived as fat or very fat (PR = 1.90; CI = 1.50-2.42). Moderate prevalence of extreme weight loss behaviors was identified among adolescents. Socioeconomic factors, exposure to violence, mental health, and body image were associated with the adoption of these behaviors.

Influence of Occupational Stress on the Body Mass Index of Hospital Workers: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to identify the influence of occupational stress on the body mass index of hospital workers. After registering the protocol at PROSPERO (CRD42022331846), we started this systematic review following a search in seven databases, gray literature, as well as manual search and contact with specialists. The selection of studies was performed independently by two evaluators following the inclusion criteria: observational studies evaluating adult hospital workers, in which occupational stress was considered exposure and body composition as a result. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklist. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to grade the certainty of the evidence. Qualitative results were presented and synthesized through a qualitative approach, with simplified information in a narrative form. A total of 12 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. This review comprised 10,885 workers (2312 men; 1582 women; and 6991 workers whose gender was not identified). Ten studies were carried out only with health workers, and two included workers from other sectors besides health workers. This review showed a relationship between occupational stress and changes in body mass index in hospital workers. However, most studies presented a moderate or high risk of bias and low quality of the evidence. These findings can be useful for clinical practice, administrators and leaders and provide insights for future research in the field of worker health in the hospital setting.

Factors associated with extreme weight loss behaviors among adolescents of Northeastern Brazil: a hierarchical approach / Comportamentos extremos para perda de peso e fatores associados em adolescentes do Nordeste brasileiro: uma abordagem hierárquica

Abstract The objective of this article is to identify the prevalence and evaluate the factors associated with extreme weight loss behaviors among adolescents of Northeastern Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 2,439 adolescents from Sample 2 (2015) of the National School-based Health Survey. Extreme weight loss behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, laxative use and use of medicines or formulas (outcome) and independent variables were evaluated using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed following a hierarchical conceptual model. The prevalence of extreme weight loss behaviors in the sample was 12.1%. Among the factors that showed significant association with the outcome, we emphasize the administration model of the private school (PR = 0.62; CI = 0.46-0.84), bullying related to body appearance and for other reasons (PR = 1.62; CI = 1.19-2.20), forced sexual intercourse (PR = 2.65; CI = 1.90-3.69), insomnia (PR = 1.84; CI = 1.43-2.37), and be perceived as fat or very fat (PR = 1.90; CI = 1.50-2.42). Moderate prevalence of extreme weight loss behaviors was identified among adolescents. Socioeconomic factors, exposure to violence, mental health, and body image were associated with the adoption of these behaviors.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a prevalência e avaliar os fatores associados aos comportamentos extremos para perda de peso em adolescentes do Nordeste brasileiro. Estudo transversal com 2.439 adolescentes da Amostra 2 (2015) da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar. Os comportamentos extremos para perda de peso (desfecho) e as variáveis independentes foram avaliadas por meio de um questionário eletrônico autoaplicável. A análise estatística foi realizada seguindo um modelo conceitual hierárquico. A prevalência de comportamentos extremos para perda de peso na amostra foi de 12,1%. Entre os fatores que mostraram associação significativa com o desfecho, destacam-se a situação administrativa da escola privada (RP = 0,62; IC = 0,46-0,84), ser vítima bullying relacionado à aparência corporal e pelos demais motivos (RP = 1,62; IC = 1,19-2,20), ser forçado a ter relação sexual (RP = 2,65; IC = 1,90-3,69), ter insônia (RP = 1,84; IC = 1,43-2,37) e se autoperceber como gordo ou muito gordo (RP = 1,90; IC = 1,50-2,42). Prevalência moderada de comportamentos extremos para perda de peso foi identificada entre os adolescentes. Os fatores socioeconômicos, de exposição à violência, de saúde mental e da imagem corporal se associaram à adoção de tais comportamentos.

Inflammatory parameters and color alterations of dental bleaching in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliance: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Many orthodontic patients request dental bleaching during orthodontic treatment to achieve a faster aesthetic resolution, however, no attention has been paid to the inflammatory processes that can occur when both therapies are indicated together. So, this clinical trial evaluated the inflammatory parameters and color alterations associated with dental bleaching in patients wearing a fixed orthodontic appliance. METHODS: Thirty individuals aged between 18 and 40 years were equally and randomly allocated into three groups: FOA (fixed orthodontic appliance), BLE (dental bleaching), and FOA + BLE (fixed orthodontic appliance + dental bleaching). The orthodontic appliances and the bleaching procedures were performed in the maxillary premolars and molars. For dental bleaching a 35% hydrogen peroxide was used. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and nitric oxide (NO-) levels were evaluated at different time-points. Color evaluation was performed using an Easyshade spectrophotometer at baseline (FOA, FOA + BLE, BLE), one month after (FOA + BLE) and 21 days after appliance removing (FOA + BLE and FOA groups), in each tooth bleached. The ANOVA and Tukey's tests, with a significance level of 5%, were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The GCF volume in the FOA + BLE and FOA groups significantly increased at the time points evaluated (p < 0.001); however, this did not occur in the BLE group (p > 0.05). On the other hand, NO- levels significantly decreased during dental bleaching with or without fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA + BLE and BLE groups; p < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in the FOA group (p > 0.05). Significant changes in color were observed in the FOA + BLE and BLE groups compared to in the FOA group (p < 0.01). However, the presence of fixed orthodontic appliance (FOA + BLE) negatively affected the bleaching efficacy compared to BLE group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Dental bleaching did not increase the inflammatory parameters in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliance. However, in the presence of orthodontic appliances, the bleaching efficacy was lower than that of bleaching teeth without orthodontic appliances. TRIAL REGISTRATION: RBR-3sqsh8 (first trial registration: 09/07/2018).

Digital booklet on sustainable practices for promoting adolescent health. / Cartilha digital sobre práticas sustentáveis para a promoção da saúde do adolescente.

This methodological study aimed to describe the elaboration and validation of a digital booklet focused on sustainable practices toward adolescent health-promoting actions. It was conducted according to the following stages: preparation of the educational booklet; appearance and content validation with 21 judges and validation with a target audience of 53 adolescents. The drafting, elaboration, and assembly of the material's layout were performed through data retrieved from the integrative review and interviews. The digital booklet was entitled "Uncomplicating Environmental Health", with 29 pages in the A5 half-page format (14.8 cm width and 21.0 cm height), configured in landscape layout mode, made available for free, and accessible via mobile and fixed devices. The booklet was validated regarding appearance and content, with an overall Content Validity Index of 0.95, and judges' validation through the Suitability Assessment of Materials tool was considered "superior". The booklet achieved the target audience's positive agreement for validation. It was considered valid to be used in health education for adolescents.

Objetivou-se descrever a elaboração e validação de cartilha digital voltada para práticas sustentáveis que favoreça ações promotoras de saúde para adolescentes. Estudo metodológico conduzido de acordo com as seguintes fases: elaboração da cartilha educativa; validação de aparência e conteúdo com 21 juízes e validação com público-alvo 53 adolescentes. Realizou-se a redação, elaboração e montagem do layout do material através dos dados obtidos da revisão integrativa e entrevistas. Intitulou-se a cartilha "Descomplicando a Saúde Ambiental", a qual possui 29 páginas no formato de páginas de meia folha A5 (14,8 de largura e 21,0 de altura), configuradas no formato paisagem. Com formatação digital, com acesso gratuito e acessível em dispositivos móveis e fixos. Validou-se a cartilha quanto à aparência e conteúdo, com o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global de 0,95 e validação dos juízes pelo Suitability Assessment of Materials considerada "superior". Quanto à validação pelo público-alvo, obteve concordância positiva. A cartilha desenvolvida foi considerada válida para ser utilizada em educação em saúde para a população adolescente.

Impact of cash transfer programs on birth and child growth outcomes: systematic review.

To investigate the impact of cash transfer (CTs) on birth outcomes, including birth weight, low birth weight and prematurity, as well as child physical growth were included, as assessed by anthropometric indices in children under five years of age. Searching was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Quantitative observational, experimental and quasi-experimental. Eleven studies were included in the review. The majority (81.8%) were carried out in low-and middle-income countries and most involved conditional CTs (63.6%). Four were clinical trials and seven were observational studies. Conditional CTs were found to be associated with a reduction in height-for-age (-0.14; 95%CI -0.27, -0.02); (OR 0.85; 95%CI 0.77-0.94); (OR = 0.44; 95%CI 0.19-0.98), a significantly reduced chance of low weight-for-age (OR = 0.16; 95%CI -0.11-0.43), low weight-for-height (OR = -0.68; 95%CI -1.14, -0.21), and low weight-for-age (OR = 0.27; 95%CI 0.10; 0.71). Unconditional CTs were associated with reduced birth weight (RR = 0.71; 95%CI 0.63-0.81; p < 0.0001) and preterm births (RR = 0.76; 95%CI 0.69-0.84; p < 0.0001). Conditional CTs can positively influence birth outcomes and child growth.

Effectiveness of individualized counseling on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, parallel, and open clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Despite the benefits of breastfeeding, early weaning is a reality, so less than 50% of children worldwide and in Brazil are on exclusive breastfeeding in the sixth month of life. A strategy to counteract this scenario is breastfeeding counseling. This study aims to verify the effectiveness of individualized counseling by nurses trained in breastfeeding counseling, on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, compared to standard care. METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, parallel, and open clinical trial, with primiparous women aged over 18 years, hospitalized in rooming-in wards at participating centers and hemodynamically stable, aware, and oriented, who had a single-fetus pregnancy and gave birth, regardless of the type of delivery, with live child, gestational age of 37 to 42 weeks and birth weight greater than 2500 g. The women will be initially approached in rooming-in wards and, upon consent to participate in the study, will be allocated through randomization by blocks composed of eight participants in two groups: intervention and control. The randomization lists will be organized by a central without involvement with the study, which will manage the allocation groups and be prepared in the Randon® program. Women allocated to the intervention group will receive breastfeeding counseling by trained nurses, and those in the control group will receive standard care at the center participating in the study. DISCUSSION: The results can contribute to breastfeeding by evidencing possible exclusivity and duration of the counseling trained nurses provide. TRIAL REGISTRATION: REBEC RBR-4w9v5rq (UTN: U1111-1284-3559) ( https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4w9v5rq ). Posted on March 20, 2023.

Scales to graduate oral mucositis: What are the limitations?

Oral mucositis is a common acute complication of a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Multiple scales can be used to diagnose and grade this lesion, but they all have some limitation regarding this group of patients. Most of these issues are associated with the hardness to differentiate signs and symptoms from oral mucositis vs. the inherent neoplasm. This study highlights the importance of a specifically developed scale for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Can all highly concentrated in-office bleaching gels be used as a single-application?

OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study aims to evaluate of hydrogen peroxide (HP) diffusion into the pulp chamber, bleaching efficacy (BE), and pH stability (pH) of single-application high concentrated in-office bleaching gels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-eight healthy premolars were randomly into eleven groups (n = 8) according to the in-office dental bleaching: DSP White Clinic 35% calcium (DW), Nano White 35% (NW), Opalescence XTra Boost 40% (OB), Pola Office + 37.5% (PO), Potenza Bianco Pro SS 38% (PB), Total Blanc 35% (TB), Total Blanc One-Step 35% (TO), Whiteness Automixx 35% (WA), Whiteness Automixx Plus 35% (WP), and Whiteness HP Blue 35% (WB). A group not exposed to bleaching agents was the control group (CG). All bleaching agents were applied in one session with a single application. After the bleaching procedure, the concentration of HP diffusion (µg/mL) into the pulp chamber was assessed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The BE (ΔEab and ΔE00) was evaluated before and 1 week after the bleaching procedure using a digital spectrophotometer. The pH of each bleaching gel was evaluated by digital pHmeter. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's was used for a statistical analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The concentration of HP diffusion into the pulp chamber was higher in all in-office bleaching gels when compared to CG (p < 0.0000001). However, there are a significant difference between them (p = 0.0001). A significant BE was observed in all in-office bleaching gels (p < 0.0001 for ΔEab and ΔE00), with a significant difference between them (p < 0.0001). PO, OB, TB, WP, and WB showed a higher BE when compared to DW, PB, and WA (p < 0.0001). Most bleaching gels were slightly acidic or alkaline during the total application time, while DW, PB, TB, and WA showed a high acidic behavior after 30 min of application. CONCLUSIONS: A single application was able to produce a bleaching efficacy. However, usually, gels with slightly acidic or alkaline pH during the application time reduces the HP diffusion into the pulp chamber. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The single-application of bleaching gels with slightly acidic or alkaline and stable pH decreased the penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber in in-office bleaching and maintained the bleaching efficacy.

Effects of metal contamination with physicochemical properties on the sediment microbial communities in a tropical eutrophic-hypereutrophic urban reservoir in Brazil.

We investigated the effects of metals and physicochemical variables on the microbes and their metabolisms in the sediments of Guarapiranga reservoir, a tropical eutrophic-hypereutrophic freshwater reservoir located in a highly urbanized and industrialized area in Brazil. The metals cadmium, copper, and chromium showed minor contribution to changes in the structure, composition, and richness of sediment microbial communities and functions. However, the effects of metals on the microbiota are increased when taken together with physicochemical properties, including the sediment carbon and sulfur, the bottom water electrical conductivity, and the depth of the water column. Clearly, diverse anthropic activities, such as sewage discharge, copper sulfate application to control algal growth, water transfer, urbanization, and industrialization, contribute to increase these parameters and the metals spatially in the reservoir. Microbes found especially in metal-contaminated sites encompassed Bathyarchaeia, MBG-D and DHVEG-1, Halosiccatus, Candidatus Methanoperedens, Anaeromyxobacter, Sva0485, Thermodesulfovibrionia, Acidobacteria, and SJA-15, possibly showing metal resistance or acting in metal bioremediation. Knallgas bacteria, nitrate ammonification, sulfate respiration, and methanotrophy were inferred to occur in metal-contaminated sites and may also contribute to metal removal. This knowledge about the sediment microbiota and metabolisms in a freshwater reservoir impacted by anthropic activities allows new insights about their potential for metal bioremediation in these environments.

Determinantes sociais de saúde da população em situação de rua vulnerável à tuberculose / Social determinants of health of the homeless population vulnerable to tuberculosis / Determinantes sociales de la salud de la población sin hogar vulnerable a la tuberculosis

Objetivo: analisar determinantes sociais de saúde da população em situação de rua vulnerável à tuberculose. Métodos: estudo descritivo, exploratório de abordagem quantitativa. A coleta ocorreu entre julho e dezembro de 2017, com pessoas em situação de rua de dois municípios da região metropolitana do Cariri, utilizando um instrumento de elaboração própria. A análise foi delineada considerando o modelo de Dahlgren e Wintehead para os determinantes sociais em saúde. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 70 pessoas, com predomínio do sexo masculino, idade entre 18 e 32 anos, raça/cor parda e baixa escolaridade. Grande parte afirmou ser tabagistas, fazer uso de álcool, não utilizar medicamentos, manter contato com suas famílias e possuir condições de vida e trabalho precárias, a maioria indicando as condições financeiras muito baixas como motivo para morar na rua. Relataram buscar a atenção primária como serviço de saúde e não utilizavam serviços do governo, apesar de terem renda inferior a um salário. As pessoas que referiram tosse realizaram baciloscopia, porém todos obtiveram resultado negativo para tuberculose. Conclusão: A identificação dos determinantes sociais em saúde é importante para conhecer as demandas de saúde da população em situação de rua e possibilita o fortalecimento das políticas de combate às fragilidades que essas pessoas estão expostas. (AU)

Objective: To analyze social determinants of health of homeless population vulnerable to tuberculosis. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The collection occurred between July and December 2017, with homeless people from two municipalities of the metropolitan region of Cariri, using an instrument of its own elaboration. The analysis was designed considering the model of Dahlgren and Wintehead for the social determinants of health. Results: 70 people were interviewed, predominantly male, aged between 18 and 32 years, mixed race/color and low education level. Most of them said they were smokers, made use of alcohol, did not use medications, did not maintain contact with their families and had poor living and working conditions and pointed all of those as motives to be homeless. They declared that they seek mainly the primary health care as a service and did not use government services, in spite of having an income below one salary. The ones who reported cough underwent bacilloscopy, but all of them had a negative result for tuberculosis. Conclusion: The identification of the social determinants of health is important to know the health demands of the homeless population and enables the strengthening of policies to combat the weaknesses these people are exposed to. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar los determinantes sociales de la salud en la población sin hogar vulnerable a la tuberculosis. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio con abordaje cuantitativo. La recolección se llevó a cabo entre julio y diciembre de 2017, con personas sin hogar de dos municipios de la región metropolitana del Cariri, utilizando un instrumento de su propio desarrollo. El análisis se diseñó considerando el modelo de Dahlgren y Wintehead para los determinantes sociales en salud. Resultados: Se entrevistó a 70 personas, predominantemente del sexo masculino, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 32 años, mestizo / color y bajo nivel educativo. Una gran parte afirmó ser fumadora, consumir alcohol, no consumir medicamentos, mantener contacto con sus familias y tener condiciones de vida y de trabajo precarias, la mayoría indicando condiciones económicas muy bajas como razón para vivir en la calle. Informaron que buscan principalmente la atención primaria como servicio de salud y no utilizan los servicios gubernamentales, a pesar de tener ingresos inferiores a un salario. Las personas que informaron tos se sometieron a una baciloscopia, pero todas tuvieron un resultado negativo para la tuberculosis. Conclusión: La identificación de los determinantes sociales en salud es importante para comprender las demandas de salud de la PSR y posibilita el fortalecimiento de políticas para combatir las debilidades a las que están expuestas estas personas. (AU)

Effect of an experimental desensitizing gel on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity after in-office bleaching-a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS), and the efficacy of in-office bleaching after applying an experimental desensitizing gel composed of 10% calcium gluconate, 0.1% dexamethasone acetate, 10% potassium nitrate, and 5% glutaraldehyde. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a split-mouth, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 50 participants had their upper hemiarches randomized into experimental and placebo groups. Desensitizing and placebo gels were applied for 10 min before in-office bleaching (35% hydrogen peroxide, 1 × 50 min; two bleaching sessions; 1-week interval). TS was recorded immediately after bleaching, 1, 24, and 48 h after each session, with a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) and a five-point numerical rating scale (NRS). The color was recorded in all groups at baseline, 1 week after each session, and 1 month after the end of bleaching using shade guide units (ΔSGUs) and a spectrophotometer (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID). RESULTS: Most participants (96%) felt some discomfort during treatment regardless of the study group. The odds ratio for pain was 0.65 (95% CI 0.1 to 4.1; p = 1.0). The intensity of TS did not differ between groups (p > 0.31), and it was only 0.34 VAS units lower in the experimental group. A significant color change occurred in both groups regardless of the group. CONCLUSIONS: The desensitizing experimental gel applied before in-office bleaching did not reduce the risk and the intensity of TS and did not affect color change. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although the experimental desensitizing agent with varying mechanisms of action did not jeopardize the color change, it did not reduce the risk or intensity of in-office bleaching. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: RBR-7T7D4D.

Cartilha digital sobre práticas sustentáveis para a promoção da saúde do adolescente / Digital booklet on sustainable practices for promoting adolescent health

Resumo Objetivou-se descrever a elaboração e validação de cartilha digital voltada para práticas sustentáveis que favoreça ações promotoras de saúde para adolescentes. Estudo metodológico conduzido de acordo com as seguintes fases: elaboração da cartilha educativa; validação de aparência e conteúdo com 21 juízes e validação com público-alvo 53 adolescentes. Realizou-se a redação, elaboração e montagem do layout do material através dos dados obtidos da revisão integrativa e entrevistas. Intitulou-se a cartilha "Descomplicando a Saúde Ambiental", a qual possui 29 páginas no formato de páginas de meia folha A5 (14,8 de largura e 21,0 de altura), configuradas no formato paisagem. Com formatação digital, com acesso gratuito e acessível em dispositivos móveis e fixos. Validou-se a cartilha quanto à aparência e conteúdo, com o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global de 0,95 e validação dos juízes pelo Suitability Assessment of Materials considerada "superior". Quanto à validação pelo público-alvo, obteve concordância positiva. A cartilha desenvolvida foi considerada válida para ser utilizada em educação em saúde para a população adolescente.

Abstract This methodological study aimed to describe the elaboration and validation of a digital booklet focused on sustainable practices toward adolescent health-promoting actions. It was conducted according to the following stages: preparation of the educational booklet; appearance and content validation with 21 judges and validation with a target audience of 53 adolescents. The drafting, elaboration, and assembly of the material's layout were performed through data retrieved from the integrative review and interviews. The digital booklet was entitled "Uncomplicating Environmental Health", with 29 pages in the A5 half-page format (14.8 cm width and 21.0 cm height), configured in landscape layout mode, made available for free, and accessible via mobile and fixed devices. The booklet was validated regarding appearance and content, with an overall Content Validity Index of 0.95, and judges' validation through the Suitability Assessment of Materials tool was considered "superior". The booklet achieved the target audience's positive agreement for validation. It was considered valid to be used in health education for adolescents.

Impact of cash transfer programs on birth and child growth outcomes: systematic review / Impacto dos programas de transferência de renda nos desfechos de nascimento e crescimento infantil: revisão sistemática

Abstract To investigate the impact of cash transfer (CTs) on birth outcomes, including birth weight, low birth weight and prematurity, as well as child physical growth were included, as assessed by anthropometric indices in children under five years of age. Searching was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Quantitative observational, experimental and quasi-experimental. Eleven studies were included in the review. The majority (81.8%) were carried out in low-and middle-income countries and most involved conditional CTs (63.6%). Four were clinical trials and seven were observational studies. Conditional CTs were found to be associated with a reduction in height-for-age (-0.14; 95%CI -0.27, -0.02); (OR 0.85; 95%CI 0.77-0.94); (OR = 0.44; 95%CI 0.19-0.98), a significantly reduced chance of low weight-for-age (OR = 0.16; 95%CI -0.11-0.43), low weight-for-height (OR = -0.68; 95%CI -1.14, -0.21), and low weight-for-age (OR = 0.27; 95%CI 0.10; 0.71). Unconditional CTs were associated with reduced birth weight (RR = 0.71; 95%CI 0.63-0.81; p < 0.0001) and preterm births (RR = 0.76; 95%CI 0.69-0.84; p < 0.0001). Conditional CTs can positively influence birth outcomes and child growth.

Resumo Investigar o impacto dos programas de tranferência de renda (CTs) nos desfechos ao nascer, incluindo peso ao nascer, baixo peso ao nascer e prematuridade, e crescimento físico infantil, avaliado pelos índices antropométricos de crianças menores de cinco anos. Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram incluídos estudos quantitativos observacionais, experimentais e quasi-experimentais, com um total de 11 estudos na revisão. A maioria (81,8%) foi realizada em países de baixa e média rendas. Também na modalidade CT condicionais (63,6%). Quatro eram ensaios clínicos, e sete observacionais. Os CT condicionais estiveram associados a uma redução nos índices de altura-para-idade (-0,14; IC95% -0,27, -0,02); (OR 0,85; IC95% 0,77-0,94); (OR = 0,44; IC95% 0,19-0,98), redução significativa na chance de baixo peso-para-idade (OR = 0,16; IC95% -0,11-0,43), baixo peso-para-altura (OR = -0,68; IC95% -1,14, -0,21), e redução de peso para idade (OR = 0,27; IC95% 0,10; 0,71). CTs não condicionais foram associados à redução do baixo peso as nascer (RR = 0,71; IC95% 0,63-0,81; p < 0,0001), e de prematuros (RR = 0,76; IC95% 0,69-0,84; p < 0,0001). Os CTs condicionais podem influenciar positivamente os desfechos ao nascer e o crescimento infantil.

Imagem corporal e autoestima em adolescentes da rede pública estadual de Salvador-Bahia / Imagen corporal y autoestima en adolescentes de la red pública estatal de Salvador-Bahía / Body image and self-esteem in adolescents from the state public network of Salvador-Bahia

RESUMO. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal e autoestima de adolescentes matriculados na rede pública estadual de ensino fundamental em Salvador-Bahia. Método: Participaram deste estudo de corte transversal 860 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, matriculados do 7º sétimo ao 9º nono ano em 12 escolas de médio porte da rede pública estadual do ensino fundamental em turno integral, do município de Salvador, Bahia. A autoestima foi avaliada por meio da Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal pelo Body Shape Questionnaire. Dados demográficos e socioeconômicos, maturação sexual, estado antropométrico, nível de atividade física e sedentarismo foram também avaliados. A associação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal e autoestima foi analisada pela regressão multinominal para variáveis politômicas utilizando o programa estatístico SPSS, versão 23.0. Resultados: Entre os adolescentes, 24,8% tinham moderada autoestima e 27,3% apresentaram os menores escores desse constructo. A insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi identificada em 25,2% dos adolescentes. A análise de associação revelou que adolescentes com insatisfação com a imagem corporal possuem 5,61 (IC 95% 3,08-10,24) vezes maior chance em manifestar baixa autoestima para o sexo feminino e 3,83 (IC 95% 2,03-7,25) vezes para o sexo masculino. Ainda entre as meninas, a insatisfação com a imagem corporal permaneceu associada positivamente à moderada autoestima após ajuste do modelo (OR: 2,31; IC 95% 1,21-4,41). Conclusão: Foi observada alta prevalência de níveis baixos e moderados de autoestima e que a insatisfação com a imagem corporal influenciou a baixa autoestima em ambos os sexos e a moderada entre as meninas.

RESUMEN. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal y la autoestima en adolescentes matriculados en escuelas públicas estatales en Salvador - Bahía. Métodos: Participó en esta sección transversal un total de 860 adolescentes de 10 a 19 años, de ambos sexos, de 7º a 9º grado, matriculados en doce escuelas medianas en instituiciones públicas estatales de enseñanza a tiempo completo, en la ciudad de Salvador, Bahía. La Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg y el Body Shape Questionnaire evaluarón, respectivamente, la autoestima y la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal. También se evaluaron los datos demográficos y socioeconómicos, la maduración sexual, el estado antropométrico, el nivel de actividad física y la inactividad física. La asociación entre la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal y la autoestima se analizó mediante regresión multinominal para variables politómicas utilizando el programa estadístico SPSS Versión 23.0. Resultados: Entre los adolescentes, el 24,8% tenían una moderada autoestima y el 27,3% tenían las puntuaciones más bajas de este constructo. La insatisfacción con la imagen corporal se identificó en el 25,2% de los adolescentes. El análisis de asociación reveló que las chicas y los chicos con la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal tenían, respectivamente, 5,61 (IC 95% 3,08 - 10,24) veces y 3,83 (IC 95% 2,03 - 7,25) veces en tener más chances de tener baja autoestima. También entre las chicas, la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal se mantuvo positivamente asociada con uma moderada autoestima después del ajuste del modelo (OR: 2,31; IC del 95%: 1,21 a 4,41). Conclusión: Se observó una alta ocurrencia de baja y moderada autoestima y que la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal influyó en la baja autoestima en ambos sexos y en la moderada autoestima entre las chicas.

ABSTRACT. Objective: To analyze an association between dissatisfaction with body image and self - esteem of adolescents enrolled in the public elementary school system in Salvador - Bahia. Methods: Participated in this cross-sectional study 860 adolescents aged 10 to 19, of both sexes from the 7th to the 9th year, enrolled in twelve medium-sized schools of the public elementary school system in full shift, in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Self-esteem was assessed through the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and body image dissatisfaction by the Body Shape Questionnaire. Demographic and socioeconomic data, sexual maturation, anthropometric status, physical activity level and sedentary lifestyle were evaluated. The association between dissatisfaction with body image and self-esteem was analyzed by multinominal regression for polytomic variables using the statistical program SPSS Version 23.0. Results: Among the adolescents, 24.8% had moderate self-esteem and 27.3% had the lowest scores of this construct. Body image dissatisfaction was identified in 25.2% of the adolescents. The association analysis revealed that adolescents with body image dissatisfaction have 5.61 (95%ci 3.08-10.24) times greater chance of manifesting low self-esteem for females and 3.83 (95%ci 2.03-7.25) times for males. Still among girls, dissatisfaction with body image remained positively associated with moderate self-esteem after adjusting the model (OR: 2.31; 95%ci 1.21-4.41). Conclusion: It was concluded that the prevalence of low and moderate self-esteem was high, and dissatisfaction with body image influenced low self-esteem in both sexes and a moderate among girls.

Development and validity of an educational folder for pulmonary tuberculosis sputum collection / Desarrollo y validación de una carpeta educativa para la recolección de esputo de tuberculosis pulmonar / Desenvolvimento e validação de um folder educativo para coleta de escarro da tuberculose pulmonar

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate an educational folder for pulmonary tuberculosis sputum collection. Method: a methodological study, developed in four phases: project design, bibliographic survey, development, and content and appearance validity. For validity, the Content Validity Index greater than or equal to 0.80, the Kappa Coefficient and the Suitability Assessment of Materials were adopted. Results: an educational folder was developed containing the recommended steps for quality sputum collection. It was validated by 19 expert judges in the first validity cycle, obtaining an overall Content Validity Index of 0.90, perfect agreement among judges, with a total Kappa of 0.83 and superior suitability. Conclusion: the material is valid, as it contains suitable, simple and attractive language, illustrations and layout, indicating perfect agreement and reliability. Thus, it has the potential to assist in carrying out the recommended steps for correct sputum collection and enable the correct diagnosis.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar y validar una carpeta educativa para la recolección de esputo de tuberculosis pulmonar. Método: estudio metodológico, desarrollado en cuatro fases: diseño del proyecto, levantamiento bibliográfico, elaboración y validación de contenido y apariencia. Para la validación se adoptó el Índice de Validez de Contenido mayor o igual a 0,80, el Coeficiente Kappa y el Suitability Assessment of Materials. Resultados: se elaboró una carpeta educativa con los pasos recomendados para la recolección de esputo de calidad. Fue validado por 19 jueces expertos en el primer ciclo de validación, obteniendo un Índice de Validez de Contenido global de 0,90, perfecta concordancia entre los jueces, con un Kappa total de 0,83 y adecuación superior. Conclusión: el material es válido por contener lenguaje, ilustraciones y maquetación adecuados, sencillos y atractivos, indicando perfecta concordancia y fiabilidad. Por lo tanto, tiene el potencial de ayudar a llevar a cabo los pasos recomendados para la recolección correcta de esputo y permitir el diagnóstico correcto.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver e validar um folder educativo para coleta de escarro da tuberculose pulmonar. Método: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em quatro fases: elaboração do projeto, levantamento bibliográfico, desenvolvimento e validação de conteúdo e aparência. Para validação, adotaram-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo maior ou igual a 0,80, o Coeficiente Kappa e o Suitability Assessment of Materials. Resultados: desenvolveu-se um folder educativo contendo os passos recomendados para coleta de escarro de qualidade. Esse foi validado, por 19 juízes especialistas, no primeiro ciclo de validação, ao obter Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global de 0,90, concordância perfeita entre os juízes, com Kappa total de 0,83 e adequação superior. Conclusão: o material é válido, pois contém linguagem, ilustrações e layout adequados, simples e atraentes, indicando concordância e confiabilidade perfeita. Assim, apresenta potencialidade para auxiliar na realização dos passos recomendados para correta coleta de escarro e possibilitar o diagnóstico correto.

Development and validity of an educational folder for pulmonary tuberculosis sputum collection.

OBJECTIVE: to develop and validate an educational folder for pulmonary tuberculosis sputum collection. METHOD: a methodological study, developed in four phases: project design, bibliographic survey, development, and content and appearance validity. For validity, the Content Validity Index greater than or equal to 0.80, the Kappa Coefficient and the Suitability Assessment of Materials were adopted. RESULTS: an educational folder was developed containing the recommended steps for quality sputum collection. It was validated by 19 expert judges in the first validity cycle, obtaining an overall Content Validity Index of 0.90, perfect agreement among judges, with a total Kappa of 0.83 and superior suitability. CONCLUSION: the material is valid, as it contains suitable, simple and attractive language, illustrations and layout, indicating perfect agreement and reliability. Thus, it has the potential to assist in carrying out the recommended steps for correct sputum collection and enable the correct diagnosis.