Burnout syndrome in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.

There is evidence that harm to the mental health of healthcare workers has occurred during the pandemic caused by COVID-19. The burnout syndrome is a form of exhaustion that occurs in occupational settings and is a condition caused by long-term stress in the workplace. The objectives of this systematic review of observational studies were to present data from research into the prevalence of burnout syndrome in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and observe its prevalence among frontline workers. The search was conducted on the MEDLINE, LILACS, and Embase databases from 2019 to May of 2021 and returned 538 publications, which underwent a two-stage process of selection by independent peers, resulting in selection of a sample of 29 articles. Data were then extracted and synthesized for presentation in narrative form. Cross-sectional designs were more prevalent (n = 26) than longitudinal studies (n = 3). The sample included research from 19 different countries, with one Brazilian study. A wide range of different instruments were administered by study authors to assess burnout syndrome, the most common of which was the Maslach Burnout Inventory (n = 13). The prevalence of burnout syndrome in the studies varied from 76 to 14.7%. Data on the relationship between development of burnout syndrome and working on the frontline were controversial. The lack of standardization of burnout syndrome assessment was a source of considerable difficulty, compromising comparability of the results, and should therefore be targeted for improvement by researchers. We suggest that more investigations should be conducted into prevalence and the associated factors of risk and protection.

Integration of Fenton's reaction based processes and cation exchange processes in textile wastewater treatment as a strategy for water reuse.

The remediation of a real textile wastewater aiming its reuse in the textile industry was carried out by integrating two processes: (i) a chemical or electrochemical advanced oxidation process (AOP or EAOP) based on Fenton's reaction for organics degradation, and (ii) a cation exchange process using marine macroalgae for removal of the iron acting in the Fenton's reaction based processes. Four AOPs/EAOPs at acidic pH 2.8 were tested: Fenton, photo-Fenton with ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation (PF/UVA), electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton with UVA radiation (PEF/UVA). These processes provided very high color removals. After a running time of 45 min, the color removals were 68-95% for the Fenton process, 76-94% for the EF process, 80-98% for the PF/UVA process and 85-100% for the PEF/UVA process. In contrast, the mineralization was negligible for all the processes, indicating the generation/presence of persistent colorless compounds. The PF process was selected as first treatment stage due to its ability for color removal and related lower costs. A set of six marine macroalgae (Gracilaria caudata, Gracilaria cervicornis, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus spiralis, Laminaria hyperborea and Pelvetia canaliculata) were tested for iron uptake. Laminaria hyperborea showed the highest ion exchange capacity and affinity for iron species. Its application allowed the removal of all the iron acting in the PF process (3.4 mg/L). The textile wastewater resulting from the application of PF process followed by cation exchange with Laminaria hyperborea was successfully reused in scouring, bleaching and dyeing processes.

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of ophidian bothropic accidents in dogs / Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos dos acidentes ofídicos botrópicos em cães

Snakebites are included in the group of emergencies for domestic animals, and these consultations demand technical knowledge as well as careful clinical evaluation of patients. Because of the importance of this theme and the higher prevalence of snakebites caused by snakes of the genus Bothrops in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, this study aimed to address the epidemiological and clinical aspects of these accidents in dogs in the state, in addition to establishing their incidence. Clinical records of dogs, with a diagnosis of ophidian bothropic accident, assisted at the Toxicological Information Center of Rio Grande do Sul (CIT-RS) were revised from 2014 to 2016. These data were collected at the Toxicological Information Center, Statistics and Evaluation Center, State Secretary of Health. Data on the incidence of accidents and epidemiological and clinical information were obtained for each case. A total of 53 records were revised. In the records that included animal sex (n=49), 53% were female and 46.9% were male. As for animal age (n=47), the dogs ranged from one to 14 years, and most of them (46.9%) were in the 1-4-year age group. Over half of the cases occurred in the rural area (60.7%), and the head and neck were the main venom inoculation sites (76.3%). Diseases were characterized by clinical courses varying from hyperacute (<30 min to 6h), acute (6-24h), to subacute (4-5 days). Severe accidents accounted for 40% of the cases, with edema as the most frequent clinical sign (88.7%) followed by hemorrhagic manifestations (41.5%). Associations of epidemiological and clinical aspects coupled with history of exposure are important characteristics to assist with suspicion and definitive diagnosis of bothropic accidents in dogs.(AU)

Os acidentes ofídicos se enquadram no grupo de emergências para animais domésticos e esses atendimentos demandam conhecimento técnico, aliado a uma criteriosa avaliação clínica do paciente. Devido à importância do tema e a maior frequência de acidentes ofídicos provocados por serpentes do gênero Bothrops no Rio Grande do Sul, esse estudo teve como objetivo abordar os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos desses acidentes em cães nesse estado, além de estabelecer a frequência em que ocorrem. Foram revisados os protocolos de atendimentos clínicos de cães realizados pelo Centro de Informações Toxicológicas do Rio Grande do Sul (CIT-RS) com diagnóstico de acidente ofídico botrópico, entre o período de 2014 e 2016. Esses dados fazem parte do Centro de informação Toxicológica, Secretaria da Saúde, RS, Núcleo de Estatística e Avaliação. Foram obtidos dados relacionados à frequência dos acidentes e informações referentes à epidemiologia e à clínica de cada caso. Totalizaram-se 53 registros de atendimentos. Dos protocolos que informaram o sexo (n=49), 53% corresponderam a fêmeas e 46,9%, a machos. Em relação à idade (n=47), houve uma variação entre um e 14 anos, com maior concentração dos casos entre 1-4 anos (46,9%). Mais da metade dos atendimentos ocorreu em zona rural (60,7%) e a cabeça e o pescoço foram os principais locais de inoculação do veneno botrópico (76,3%). Observou-se uma doença com um curso que variou de hiperagudo (<30 min à 6h), agudo (6-24h) a subagudo (4-5 dias). Acidentes graves representaram 40% dos casos, no qual edema foi o sinal clínico mais frequente (88,7%), seguido por manifestações hemorrágicas (41,5%). A associação dos aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos, aliados ao histórico de exposição, constituem características importantes que auxiliam na suspeita e no diagnóstico definitivo do acidente botrópico em animais.(AU)