ABSTRACT
Annona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae), popularly known as 'bruteira', has nutritional and medicinal uses. This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with ß-cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analysed using GC-MS and GC-FID. In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy of essential oil was demonstrated in mice inoculated with B16-F10 mouse melanoma. The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)-ß-ocimene (12.46%), α-phellandrene (8.08%), o-cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α-pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. The essential oil and spathulenol exhibited promising cytotoxicity. In vivo tumour growth was inhibited by the treatment with the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%). Importantly, microencapsulation of the essential oil increased in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%).
Subject(s)
Annona/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Acyclic Monoterpenes , Adult , Alkenes/pharmacology , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Bicyclic Monoterpenes , Cell Line, Tumor , Cyclohexane Monoterpenes , Cyclohexanones/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Compounding , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Hep G2 Cells , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Monoterpenes/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology , Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/pharmacology , Terpenes/pharmacology , Young Adult , beta-Cyclodextrins/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Betulinic, ursolic and oleanolic acids isolated from the aerial parts of Eriope blanchetii (Lamiaceae) were subjected to different esterification reactions, yielding 12 C-3 position ester derivatives. All compounds were identified using spectroscopic techniques, such as IR, 1H-NMR and MS. The derivatives were further investigated for their antioxidant level, Artemia salina lethality and antimicrobial activity.
Subject(s)
Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology , Triterpenes/pharmacology , Animals , Artemia/drug effects , Esters/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Lamiaceae/chemistry , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Oleanolic Acid/chemistry , Pentacyclic Triterpenes , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Triterpenes/chemistry , Betulinic Acid , Ursolic AcidABSTRACT
This work reports isolation of an unusual lignan with a bicyclic [2.2.2] octene skeleton, named rufescenolide (1), from stems of Cordia rufescens, along with ß-sitosterol, stigmasterol, syringaldehyde, 3-ß-O-D-glucopyranosyl-sitosterol, methyl caffeate, 4-methoxy-protocatechuic acid and methyl rosmarinate. Structural characterizations employed IR spectroscopic, ESIHRMS and mono and dimensional NMR spectroscopy.
