Enhancing Monitoring Performance: A Microservices Approach to Monitoring with Spyware Techniques and Prediction Models.

In today's digital landscape, organizations face significant challenges, including sensitive data leaks and the proliferation of hate speech, both of which can lead to severe consequences such as financial losses, reputational damage, and psychological impacts on employees. This work considers a comprehensive solution using a microservices architecture to monitor computer usage within organizations effectively. The approach incorporates spyware techniques to capture data from employee computers and a web application for alert management. The system detects data leaks, suspicious behaviors, and hate speech through efficient data capture and predictive modeling. Therefore, this paper presents a comparative performance analysis between Spring Boot and Quarkus, focusing on objective metrics and quantitative statistics. By utilizing recognized tools and benchmarks in the computer science community, the study provides an in-depth understanding of the performance differences between these two platforms. The implementation of Quarkus over Spring Boot demonstrated substantial improvements: memory usage was reduced by up to 80% and CPU usage by 95%, and system uptime decreased by 119%. This solution offers a robust framework for enhancing organizational security and mitigating potential threats through proactive monitoring and predictive analysis while also guiding developers and software architects in making informed technological choices.

Users' expectations of the new pre-exposure prophylaxis for the HIV modalities. / Concepciones de usuarios sobre nuevas vías de administración de profilaxis pre-exposición para el VIH.

This article aims to discuss the expectations of Homosexual Men, Bisexual Men and a Transgender Woman, who use or want to use an oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about PrEP modalities. Sixteen PrEP users, who are followed up in the BCN Checkpoint, were interviewed,. The interviews were audio-recorded, subjected to thematic categorical analysis within the theoretical framework from the praxiographic perspective. They are all adapted to the use of daily oral and event-based PrEP. In relation to the new PrEP modalities (monthly pill; intramuscular injection every two months; subcutaneous injection every six months), they are all very receptive to these possibilities, but they lack information on the specificities of each and specific assessment of their needs. Comments about the use of oral PrEP are positive, and expectations regarding the new PrEP modalities are visibly high. However, the most important thing for the interviewees is the guarantee that they will have follow-up appointments to continue taking care of their affective-sexual health, which is not dependent on the type of PrEP modalities.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir las concepciones de los Hombres Gay, Hombres Bisexuales y una Mujer Transgénero que usan o quieren usar profilaxis previa a la exposición por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana oral (PrEP) sobre nuevas vías de administración. Fueron entrevistados 17 usuarios del BCN Checkpoint. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, sometidas a análisis categorial temático teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva praxeográfica. Todos están adaptados al uso de la PrEP diaria y a demanda. En relación con las nuevas vías de administración (PrEP inyección intramuscular cada dos meses; pastilla mensual; inyección subcutánea cada seis meses) todos son muy receptivos a esas posibilidades, pero les falta información sobre las especificidades de cada una de ellas y una evaluación específica de sus necesidades. Tanto la satisfacción con el uso de PrEP oral, como las expectativas sobre las nuevas vías de administración son positivas. Sin embargo, lo más importante para los/a entrevistados/a es la garantía de que tendrán seguimiento para continuar cuidando de la salud afectivo-sexual, lo que no depende del tipo de vía de administración.

Concepciones de usuarios sobre nuevas vías de administración de profilaxis pre-exposición para el VIH / Users' expectations of the new pre-exposure prophylaxis for the HIV modalities

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir las concepciones de los Hombres Gay, Hombres Bisexuales y una Mujer Transgénero que usan o quieren usar profilaxis previa a la exposición por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana oral (PrEP) sobre nuevas vías de administración. Fueron entrevistados 17 usuarios del BCN Checkpoint. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, sometidas a análisis categorial temático teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva praxeográfica. Todos están adaptados al uso de la PrEP diaria y a demanda. En relación con las nuevas vías de administración (PrEP inyección intramuscular cada dos meses; pastilla mensual; inyección subcutánea cada seis meses) todos son muy receptivos a esas posibilidades, pero les falta información sobre las especificidades de cada una de ellas y una evaluación específica de sus necesidades. Tanto la satisfacción con el uso de PrEP oral, como las expectativas sobre las nuevas vías de administración son positivas. Sin embargo, lo más importante para los/a entrevistados/a es la garantía de que tendrán seguimiento para continuar cuidando de la salud afectivo-sexual, lo que no depende del tipo de vía de administración.

Abstract This article aims to discuss the expectations of Homosexual Men, Bisexual Men and a Transgender Woman, who use or want to use an oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about PrEP modalities. Sixteen PrEP users, who are followed up in the BCN Checkpoint, were interviewed,. The interviews were audio-recorded, subjected to thematic categorical analysis within the theoretical framework from the praxiographic perspective. They are all adapted to the use of daily oral and event-based PrEP. In relation to the new PrEP modalities (monthly pill; intramuscular injection every two months; subcutaneous injection every six months), they are all very receptive to these possibilities, but they lack information on the specificities of each and specific assessment of their needs. Comments about the use of oral PrEP are positive, and expectations regarding the new PrEP modalities are visibly high. However, the most important thing for the interviewees is the guarantee that they will have follow-up appointments to continue taking care of their affective-sexual health, which is not dependent on the type of PrEP modalities.

The incidence of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in oral cavity cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to define the incidence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in patients with oral cavity cancer (OCC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and to identify the risk factors influencing its development. STUDY DESIGN: Six databases were searched systematically. A meta-analysis was performed to determine overall, spontaneous, and dental extraction-attributed incidences of ORN. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool evaluated evidence certainty. RESULTS: Out of 11 eligible studies, 6 underwent meta-analysis for the overall aggregated ORN incidence in OCC patients receiving IMRT, resulting in an incidence rate of 8% (95% CI: 6%-11%). Regarding development reasons, 2 studies were assessed, revealing an incidence of 36% (95% CI: 1%-98%) for spontaneous ORN, and 17% (95% CI: 5%-44%) ensued from dental extraction exclusively pre-RT. All rates had very low certainty of evidence. Factors significantly correlated with ORN development included postoperative RT use (78%), employment of therapeutic doses above 50 Gy, and mandibular involvement (80.5%). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that IMRT alone is not sufficient to decrease ORN rates in OCC patients, underscoring the importance of precisely identifying the involved risk factors. However, further detailed primary studies will be necessary.

"It was unusual but amazing": demand creation for PrEP among adolescents' men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Brazil.

This study aimed to analyze the challenges in demand creation for participation in an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) project in two Brazilian capitals. This qualitative study was conducted with men who have sex with men and transgender women aged 15 to 19 years who lived in two Brazilian state capitals. For this analysis, 27 semi-structured interviews carried out from 2019 to 2020 were evaluated by reflexive thematic content analysis. For participants, PrEP demand creation was essential for their interaction, mediation, bonding, and attachment and proved effective for PrEP acceptability and adherence. Adolescents' narratives showed that the strategies promoted HIV combination prevention, opened up opportunities for recruitment meetings, helped to negotiate with and convince individuals to use PrEP, strengthened peer education, and evoked a feeling of "being with" and "walking together" despite the challenges. Face-to-face or online interactions using social technologies played a crucial role in recruiting adolescents for the project, expanding knowledge on PrEP and other combination prevention strategies and access to health services and self-care.

Development, characterization, and biological study of bioglass coatings 45S5 and BioK on zirconia implant surfaces.

Zirconia implants are gaining attention as a viable alternative to titanium implants due to their comparable osseointegration development, improved soft tissue adaptation, and enhanced aesthetics. An encouraging avenue for improving zirconia implant properties involves the potential application of bioactive coatings to their surfaces. These coatings have shown potential for inducing hydroxyapatite formation, crucial for bone proliferation, and improving implant mechanical properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of coating zirconia implants with two bioactive glasses, 45S5 and BioK, on osteogenesis in vitro and osseointegration in vivo. Zirconia samples and implants were prepared using Zpex zirconia powder and blocks, respectively. The samples were divided into three groups: polished zirconia (ZRC), zirconia coated with 45S5 bioglass (Z + 45S5), and zirconia coated with BioK glass (Z + BK). Coatings were applied using a brush and sintered at 1200°C. Chemical analysis of the coatings was carried out using x-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Surface topography and roughness were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and a roughness meter. In vitro experiments used mesenchymal cells from Wistar rat femurs, and the coated zirconia implants were found to promote cell viability, protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization, indicating enhanced osteogenesis. In vivo experiments with 18 rats showed positive results for bone formation and osseointegration through histological and histomorphometric analysis and a push-out test. The findings indicate that bioactive glass coatings have the potential to improve cell differentiation, bone formation, and osseointegration in zirconia implants.

"It was unusual but amazing": demand creation for PrEP among adolescents' men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Brazil / "Foi inusitado, mas surpreendente": criação de demanda por PrEP entre homens adolescentes que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) e mulheres trans (MT) no Brasil / "Fue inusual, pero sorprendente": la creación de demanda por PrEP entre hombres adolescentes que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) y mujeres trans (MT) en Brasil

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the challenges in demand creation for participation in an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) project in two Brazilian capitals. This qualitative study was conducted with men who have sex with men and transgender women aged 15 to 19 years who lived in two Brazilian state capitals. For this analysis, 27 semi-structured interviews carried out from 2019 to 2020 were evaluated by reflexive thematic content analysis. For participants, PrEP demand creation was essential for their interaction, mediation, bonding, and attachment and proved effective for PrEP acceptability and adherence. Adolescents' narratives showed that the strategies promoted HIV combination prevention, opened up opportunities for recruitment meetings, helped to negotiate with and convince individuals to use PrEP, strengthened peer education, and evoked a feeling of "being with" and "walking together" despite the challenges. Face-to-face or online interactions using social technologies played a crucial role in recruiting adolescents for the project, expanding knowledge on PrEP and other combination prevention strategies and access to health services and self-care.

Resumo: Este estudo analisou desafios na criação de demanda para participação em um projeto de profilaxia pré-exposição (PrEP) ao HIV em duas capitais brasileiras. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado com homens que fazem sexo com homens e mulheres transgênero de 15 a 19 anos residentes de duas capitais brasileiras. Para esta análise, foram avaliadas 27 entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas entre 2019 e 2020 com análise temática de conteúdo reflexiva. Para os participantes, a criação de demanda por PrEP foi essencial para o processo de interação, mediação, vínculo e apego e mostrou-se eficaz para a aceitabilidade e adesão à PrEP. As narrativas dos adolescentes mostraram que as estratégias promoveram a prevenção combinada do HIV, abriram oportunidades para reuniões de recrutamento, ajudaram a negociar e convencer os indivíduos a usar a PrEP, fortaleceram a educação entre pares e evocaram um sentimento de "estar com" e "caminhar juntos", apesar dos desafios. As interações, sejam presenciais ou online, com o uso de tecnologias sociais, desempenharam um papel crucial no recrutamento de adolescentes para o projeto, na ampliação do conhecimento sobre PrEP e demais estratégias combinadas de prevenção, e no acesso a serviços de saúde e autocuidado.

Resumen: Este estudio analizó los desafíos para crear demanda para la participación en un proyecto de profilaxis pre-exposición (PrEP) al VIH en dos capitales brasileñas. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo realizado con hombres que tienen sexo con hombres y mujeres transgénero de 15 a 19 años residentes de dos capitales brasileñas. Para este análisis, se evaluaron 27 entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas entre 2019 y 2020 con un análisis temático de contenido reflexivo. Para los participantes, crear la demanda por PrEP fue fundamental para el proceso de interacción, mediación, vínculo y apego y demostró ser eficaz para la aceptabilidad y adhesión de la PrEP. Los relatos de los adolescentes mostraron que las estrategias promovieron la prevención combinada del VIH, posibilitaron reuniones de reclutamiento, ayudaron a negociar y convencer a las personas a usar la PrEP, fortalecieron la educación entre pares y evocaron un sentimiento de "estar con" y "caminar juntos", a pesar de los desafíos. Las interacciones, ya sean de manera presencial o online, con el uso de las tecnologías sociales, tuvieron un papel fundamental en el reclutamiento de adolescentes para el proyecto, en la ampliación del conocimiento sobre la PrEP y las demás estrategias de prevención combinadas, y en el acceso a servicios de salud y autocuidado.

Entre homens: noções de masculinidades para usuários de apps de encontros eróticos / Entre hombres: conceptos de masculinidades para usuarios de aplicaciones de citas eróticas / Between men: concepts of masculinities for users of erotic dating apps

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo geral compreender a produção de masculinidades para homens que se denominam "machos" em aplicativo de encontros eróticos. Partimos de referenciais teóricos que questionam o regime de poder que estrutura as compreensões de masculinidades e sexualidade, tendo por via a matriz reguladora da heteronormatividade. Quanto ao método, utilizamos a pesquisa social qualitativa na internet a partir de um aplicativo destinado a encontros eróticos entre homens para localizar e construir conhecimentos no contexto de pandemia e em região periférica/universitária da cidade de Recife/PE. Para análise, utilizamos mapas de associação de ideias, considerando a dialogia e os atravessamentos de produção de sentidos. Nossos resultados e discussões caminharam para pensar no imperativo da performance masculina normativa quanto ao corpo e ao nível relacional, bem como aos conflitos pessoais em face dos pressupostos sociais sobre masculinidades nas práticas de pegação.

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo general comprender la producción de masculinidades de los hombres que se autodenominan "machos" en una aplicación de citas eróticas. Partimos de referentes teóricos que cuestionan el régimen de poder que estructura la comprensión de las masculinidades y la sexualidad, con base en la matriz normativa de la heteronormatividad. Metodológicamente utilizamos una investigación social cualitativa en internet a partir de una aplicación diseñada para encuentros eróticos entre hombres para ubicar y construir conocimiento en el contexto de una pandemia y en una región periférica/universitaria de la ciudad de Recife/PE. Para el análisis, utilizamos mapas de asociación de ideas, considerando el diálogo y los cruces de producción de sentidos. Nuestros resultados y discusiones reflexionan sobre el imperativo del desempeño masculino normativo en términos del cuerpo y el nivel relacional, así como en los conflictos personales frente a los supuestos sociales sobre las masculinidades en el cruising.

Abstract: This article has the general aim to understand the production of masculinities for men who call themselves "macho" on erotic dating apps. We start from a theoretical framework that question the power regime that structures the understanding of masculinities and sexuality, using the regulatory matrix of heteronormativity as a basis. As for the method, we use qualitative social research on the internet from an application designed for erotic encounters between men to locate and build knowledge in the pandemic context and at a peripheral/university region of the city of Recife/PE. For analysis, we used maps of association of ideas, considering the dialogue and the crossings of meaning production. Our results and discussions led us to think about the imperative of normative masculine performance regarding the body and the relational level, as well as personal conflicts in the face of social assumptions about masculinities in practices of cruising.

Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis associated with foreign body displacement after tooth extraction: report of an unusual case / Sinusite maxilar odontogênica por corpo estranho após extração dentária: relato de um caso incomum

Background: Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by a foreign body presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its infrequent occurrence and unique characteristics compared to sinusitis originating from other sources. CaseReport:Illustrating such fact, this report presents the clinical case of a 37-year-old woman referred complaining of pain in the same region where she had extracted her upper right first molar five days before. The intraoral examination revealed the presence of an orifice in the region, suggesting oroantral communication. Imaging exams revealed opacification of the right maxillary sinus and the unexpected presence of a highly radiodense object. With the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis due to a foreign body established, the surgical approach initially consisted of administering preoperative medication, preceded by access to the maxillary antrum using the Caldwell-Luc technique. The object was found and removed, consisting of a surgical drill. At follow-up there was complete absence of symptoms and complete closure of communication. Conclusion: Cases of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis caused by drill detachment after tooth extraction are fairly uncommon. A thorough clinical evaluation proved to be essential and the Caldwell-Luc access was effective, safe and with good postoperative results, even with the absence of standardized diagnostic and management methods(AU)

Contexto: A sinusite maxilar odontogênica causada por corpo estranho apresenta desafios diagnósticos e terapêuticos devido à sua ocorrência infrequente e características únicas em comparação com sinusites originadas de outras fontes. Relato do Caso: Ilustrando tal fato, este relato apresenta o caso clínico de uma mulher de 37 anos de idade encaminhada com queixa de dor em mesma região que havia extraído o primeiro molar superior direito cinco dias antes. Ao exame intraoral verificou-se a presença de um orifício na região, sugerindo comunicação oroantral. Os exames de imagem revelaram opacificação do SM direito e a inesperada presença de um objeto altamente radiodenso. Com o diagnóstico de sinusite maxilar por corpo estranho estabelecido, a abordagem cirúrgica consistiu inicialmente na administração de medicação pré-operatória, precedida pelo acesso ao antro maxilar através da técnica de Caldwell-Luc. O objeto foi encontrado e removido, consistindo em uma broca cirúrgica. Ao acompanhamento houve ausência completa dos sintomas e total fechamento da comunicação. Conclusão: Casos de sinusite maxilar odontogênica causada por descolamento da broca após extração dentária são bastante incomuns. Uma avaliação clínica minuciosa mostrou-se primordial e o acesso de Caldwell-Luc eficaz, seguro e com bons resultados pós-operatórios, mesmo com as ausências de métodos de diagnóstico e manejo padronizados.(AU)

Evaluation of the Effects of Radiation Therapy on Muscle Contractibility and Skin Healing: An Experimental Study of the Cancer Treatment Implications.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy can affect healthy cells, resulting in side effects. This study aimed to assess the impact of radiotherapy on soft tissue in surgical wounds in rats. METHODS: The animals were divided into four groups: control (S) group without irradiation, immediate irradiation (S-IIr) group receiving irradiation right after surgery, late irradiation (S-LIr) group receiving irradiation four weeks after surgery, and early irradiation (Ir-S) group receiving irradiation before surgery. The irradiated groups underwent two fractional stages of 15 Gy. Muscle contractibility (EMG) was evaluated at two different time points, and after 2 and 7 weeks, the animals were euthanized for histological analysis of the muscles and skin. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the EMG1 and EMG2 values of the S and S-LIr groups, but both S-IIr and Ir-S groups exhibited a statistically significant difference. The S group demonstrated a larger diameter of muscle fiber compared to other groups, showing a significant difference. In terms of skin analysis, the S-IIr group had the least inflammatory infiltrate and the highest amount of red fibers, differing significantly from the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the duration, radiotherapy was found to have effects on the surrounding soft tissues, as concluded by this study.

PrEP perception and experiences of adolescent and young gay and bisexual men: an intersectional analysis.

Studies indicate gaps in knowledge about the barriers to access and adhere to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in adolescents. In this article, we explore the perceptions and experiences of young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM) of the search, use and adherence to PrEP, considering their positions according to social markers of difference such as race/skin color, gender, sexuality, and social status. Intersectionality provides theoretical and methodological tools to interpret how the interlinking of these social markers of difference constitutes barriers and facilitators in the PrEP care continuum. The analyzed material is part of the PrEP1519 study and is comprised of 35 semi-structured interviews with YGBMSM from two Brazilian capitals (Salvador and São Paulo). The analyses suggest connections between social markers of difference, sexual cultures, and the social meanings of PrEP. Subjective, relational and symbolic aspects permeate the awareness of PrEP in the range of prevention tools. Willingness to use and adhere to PrEP is part of a learning process, production of meaning, and negotiation in the face of getting HIV and other sexually transmittable infections and the possibilities of pleasure. Thus, accessing and using PrEP makes several adolescents more informed about their vulnerabilities, leading to more informed decision-making. Interlinking the PrEP continuum of care among YGBMSM with the intersections of the social markers of difference may provide a conceptual framework to problematize the conditions and effects of implementing this prevention strategy, which could bring advantages to HIV prevention programs.

Between risk and pleasure: reflections on HIV prevention and care in the current context of PrEP use by men who have sex with men.

This study offers a set of reflections on the relationship between risk and pleasure in the field of HIV prevention and care, as it mediates new biomedical prevention/care technologies, particularly pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), among men who have sex with men (MSM). We begin by investigating some studies about condomless sex between men, more specifically barebacking and PrEP use among young MSM. We base our analysis on the assumption that PrEP, as one of these new actants, has reconfigured the field of HIV prevention/care, especially in relation to the dimensions of risk and pleasure, with the potential to considerably reduce the chances of HIV infection while enabling maximum pleasure and a sense of greater safety and freedom. Despite this progress, we also problematize some of the ambivalences, tensions, and moral conflicts that still exist in the field of prevention, especially the potential for condomless sex. Finally, taking a praxiographic perspective on health care and foregrounding the situated practices of human and non-human actors/actants in interaction, we consider HIV/AIDS prevention as a more fluid, non-linear, erratic phenomenon that involves multiple types of knowledge, feelings, and participations, and is open to different kinds of experimentation. Besides a "logic of choice", we hold that health care is a permeable, continuous process that is enacted in situated practices and may produce different effects in response to a heterogeneous network of interactions.

Building bridges to care: the experience of peer navigation in enabling linkage to PrEP for adolescent men who have sex with men and transgender women.

Vulnerable populations are at increased risk for HIV/AIDS, especially adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and adolescent travestis and transgender women (ATGW). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is one component of combination HIV prevention and is already available for these populations in Brazil. However, ensuring its uptake entails certain challenges since inequality and barriers have traditionally marked access and linkage to the related public health services. Peer navigation could be a way of mediating the linkage process because it involves peers keeping track of others' care schedules, dynamically fostering linkage to care according to the needs of users and the actors involved in their everyday care contexts. Therefore, this study proposes analyzing peer-navigator-mediated linkage to PrEP care for 15- to 19-year-old MSM and transgender women from the PrEP1519 project in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. In total, 15 field notebooks/diaries, written in April-July 2019, by four peer navigators were analyzed, as were the transcripts of one focal group and 20 semi-structured interviews with adolescents (17 MSM and three trans women) between June and December 2019. Linkage via peer navigator and participant is influenced by emotional dynamics and shared personal characteristics. It is fluid and unstable and calls for care practices to be shaped to meet each participant's needs. For peer navigation to be adopted as a care strategy for sexually transmitted infection prevention and treatment, it should envisage not only increased linkage to care but also sensitivity to service users' specific characteristics and lived experiences.

Perceived Risk of HIV Infection and Acceptability of PrEP among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Brazil.

The HIV epidemic affects men who have sex with men (MSM) disproportionally in Brazil, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective for preventing HIV in this population. However, low perceived risk of HIV may influence the acceptability and decision to use PrEP. This study estimated the association between self-perception of HIV risk and acceptability of daily oral PrEP among Brazilian MSM. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used for behavioral and biological surveillance to recruit 4,176 MSM 18 years or over in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016. Results were weighted using Gile's estimator in RDS Analyst software. Adjusted odds rations (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. Acceptability of daily oral PrEP was high (69.7%) among the 3,544 MSM available for analysis. Most participants self-reported low or moderate risk of HIV infection (67.2%) and a small proportion (9.3%) reported high risk. A dose-response relationship was observed between acceptability of PrEP and self-reported risk: PrEP acceptability was 1.88 times higher (OR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.24-2.85) among MSM whose perceived risk of HIV infection was low or moderate, and 5 times higher (OR 5.68; 95% CI: 2.54-12.73) among those who self-reported high risk compared to MSM reporting no HIV risk. MSM with the highest risk perception of HIV reported higher rates of PrEP acceptability. Given the availability of daily oral PrEP in the public health care system in Brazil, we suggest emphasizing counseling about self-perception of HIV risk as part of routine HIV prevention services.

A incidência de osteorradionecrose em pacientes com câncer de cavidade oral tratados por radioterapia de intensidade modulada (IMRT): uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise / The incidence of osteoradionecrosis in oral cavity cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Os valores de incidência de osteorradionecrose dos maxilares reportados ao longo das últimas décadas variaram. Nos estudos que reportam baixos valores de incidência de osteorradionecrose através do uso de técnicas de radioterapia, que começaram a entregar altas dose de radiação ao volume tumoral alvo poupando tecidos circunjacentes sadios, os cânceres de cavidade oral frequentemente estão atrelados a maior parte dos casos, tornando a realidade dos resultados de incidência contraditórios, uma vez que a presença de coortes mistas, com cânceres em diferentes localizações de cabeça e pescoço, dão poucos ou nenhum dado específico para os pacientes com câncer de cavidade oral. Com o objetivo de avaliar a incidência de osteorradionecrose em pacientes com câncer de cavidade oral tratados com a radioterapia de intensidade modulada e os fatores de risco que influenciam no desenvolvimento e subsequentemente, a incidência culmulativa de osteorradionecrose, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise da literatura registrada na plataforma preferenciais para revisão sistemática e metanálise sob o registro de protocoloco CRD42021295524. Inicialmente foram elaboradas estratégias de buscas para seis bases de dados, que resultaram em 884 artigos, posteriormente transportados para o aplicativo online Rayyan® para a primeira seleção. Após a exclusão de 200 duplicatas, 689 registros foram avaliados por título e resumo, sendo eleitos para análise completa do texto, 87. Por fim, 11 estudos foram incluídos para a síntese qualitativa e desses, 6 foram incluídos também para a síntese quantitativa. Em 1.434 pacientes com câncer de cavidade oral tratados por radioterapia de intensidade modulada, 150 desenvolveram osteorradionecrose. A incidências brutas individuais dos estudos variaram de 0 a 20,7%, com tempo médio entre o fim da radioterapia e o diagnóstico de osteorradionecrose de 31,7±9,7 meses em um acompanhamento médio de 46,2±13,1 meses. Os fatores mais correlacionados ao desenvolvimento da osteorradionecrose foram cirurgia préradioterapia (12%), tumores localizados em assoalho bucal ou língua (4%), carcinoma de células escamosas (42%) e mandíbula (80%). A meta-análise dos 6 estudos revelou a incidência acumulada de 8% (I2 = 0%, t2 = 0, p = 0,84). Oito dos 11 artigos incluídos tiveram o risco de viés avaliados como moderado e três como baixo. Podemos concluir que a radioterapia de intensidade modulada foi efetiva na preservação dos ossos da mandíbula e maxila que resultou em um baixo índice de incidência de osteorradionecrose em um sítio de alto risco como a cavidade oral. (AU)

The reported incidence values of jaw osteoradionecrosis have varied over the past decades. In studies reporting low incidence rates of osteoradionecrosis through the use of radiotherapy techniques that started delivering high radiation doses to the target tumor volume while sparing surrounding healthy tissues, oral cavity cancers are often associated with the majority of cases. This has led to contradictory incidence results, as the presence of mixed cohorts, with cancers in different head and neck locations, provides limited to no specific data for patients with oral cavity cancer. In order to assess the incidence of osteoradionecrosis in oral cavity cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy and the risk factors influencing its development and subsequent cumulative incidence, a systematic review with meta-analysis of the literature registered in the preferred platform for systematic review and meta-analysis under protocol registration CRD42021295524 was conducted. Initially, search strategies were developed for six databases, resulting in 884 articles, which were subsequently imported into the online Rayyan® application for the initial selection. After excluding 200 duplicates, 689 records were evaluated by title and abstract, with 87 selected for full-text analysis. Finally, 11 studies were included for qualitative synthesis, and of those, 6 were also included for quantitative synthesis. Among 1,434 oral cavity cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy, 150 developed osteoradionecrosis. Individual raw incidence rates in the studies ranged from 0 to 20.7%, with a mean time between the end of radiotherapy and osteoradionecrosis diagnosis of 31.7±9.7 months in an average follow-up of 46.2±13.1 months. The factors most correlated with osteoradionecrosis development were preradiotherapy surgery (12%), tumors located in the floor of the mouth or tongue (4%), squamous cell carcinoma (42%), and mandibular involvement (80%). Meta-analysis of the 6 studies revealed a cumulative incidence of 8% (I2 = 0%, t2 = 0, p = 0.84). Eight of the 11 included articles had their bias risk assessed as moderate, and three as low. In conclusion, intensity-modulated radiotherapy was effective in preserving the jaw and maxilla bones, resulting in a low incidence of osteoradionecrosis in a high-risk site like the oral cavity (AU)

Práticas cotidianas constituindo múltiplas versões da criança com comportamentos externalizantes: um estudo de caso / Prácticas cotidianas constituyendo múltiples versiones del niño con comportamientos externalizantes: un estudio de caso / Everyday practices constituting multiple versions of children with externalizing behaviors: a case study

Resumo Visando compreender as múltiplas versões de realidade produzidas nas práticas cotidianas da rede relacional de uma criança à qual se referem problemas de comportamentos externalizantes, no campo da saúde mental, este artigo relata um estudo de caso, realizado em 2017, a partir das abordagens da Teoria Ator-Rede e das Práticas Discursivas e Produção de Sentidos no Cotidiano. O referente empírico da pesquisa é um menino com hipótese diagnóstica de TDAH e TOD, articulado com actantes humanos e não humanos em dimensões diversas de suas relações. Os resultados expõem as interatuações cotidianas, atravessadas por conflitos intergeracionais, produzindo realidades e sentidos heterogêneos, no trânsito entre ideias aparentemente antagônicas (angelical-diabólico/criança-adulto). A criança, com seus comportamentos diversos, tal qual os adultos, atua e é atuada em relações de poder, numa coprodução fluida de conflitos e entendimentos que expressam versões sempre incertas e localizadas do que seria "a criança com comportamentos externalizantes".

Resumen Con el objetivo de comprender las múltiples versiones de la realidad que se producen en las prácticas cotidianas de la red relacional de un niño a la que se refieren los problemas de comportamiento externalizante, en el campo de la salud mental, este artículo relata un estudio de caso, realizado en 2017, a partir de los enfoques de la Teoría Actor-Red y Prácticas Discursivas y Producción de Sentidos en la Vida Cotidiana. El referente empírico de la investigación es un niño con hipótesis diagnóstica de TDAH y TND, articulado con actantes humanos y no humanos en diferentes dimensiones de sus relaciones. Los resultados exponen las interacciones cotidianas, atravesadas por conflictos intergeneracionales, produciendo realidades y significados heterogéneos, en el tránsito entre ideas aparentemente antagónicas (angelical-diabólica/niño-adulto). Los niños, con sus diferentes conductas, al igual que los adultos, actúan y son actuados en relaciones de poder, en una fluida coproducción de conflictos y entendimientos que expresan versiones siempre inciertas y localizadas de lo que sería "el niño con conductas externalizantes".

Abstract Aiming to understand the multiple versions of reality produced in the daily practices of a child's relational network to which externalizing behavior problems refer, in the field of mental health, this article reports a case study, carried out in 2017, based on the approaches of the Actor-Network and Discursive Practices and Production of Meanings in Everyday Life. The empirical referent of the research is a boy with a diagnostic hypothesis of ADHD and ODD, articulated with human and non-human actants in different dimensions of their relationships. The results expose everyday interactions, crossed by intergenerational conflicts, producing heterogeneous realities and meanings, in the transit between apparently antagonistic ideas (angelic-diabolical/child-adult). Children, with ir different behaviors, just like adults, acts and are acted upon in power relations, in a fluid co-production of conflicts and understandings that express always uncertain and localized versions of what would be "the child with externalizing behaviors".

"Tô tranquila, estou com meus exames indetectáveis": as relações afetivo-sexuais de mulheres jovens vivendo com HIV com carga viral indetectável / "I'm calm, I have my undetectable exams": the affective-sexual relationships of young women living with HIV with an undetectable viral load / "Estoy tranquila, tengo mis exámenes de laboratorio indetectables": las relaciones afectivo-sexuales de mujeres jovenes viviendo con VIH con carga viral indetectable

Resumo Neste artigo, discutimos de que modo o discurso biomédico sobre carga viral indetectável (re)organiza as trajetórias afetivas e sexuais de mulheres jovens vivendo com HIV. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco jovens vivendo com HIV/aids, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, tanto pela internet, como em um serviço de saúde especializado (SAE) em Salvador-Ba, no período entre 2015 e 2017. As interações online aconteceram através do Whatsapp e Facebook. As jovens vivenciam a necessidade de negociar o prazer e a prevenção. Posicionam-se como sujeitos de "risco" e adotam a noção de carga viral indetectável como forma de sentirem-se seguras na prevenção. Os novos discursos biomédicos são incorporados em seus cotidianos, e os sentimentos de medo, rejeição e a "possibilidade" de "perigo" para o outro (soronegativo) contribuem para a reorganização de suas vidas e de seus relacionamentos.

Abstract In this article, we discuss how the biomedical discourse of undetectable viral load reorganises the affective and sexual trajectories of young women living with HIV. We conducted semi-structured interviews with five young women living with HIV/AIDS, aged between 18 and 30 yo, on the internet and at a specialized health service (SAE) in Salvador-Ba, between 2015 and 2017. The online interactions occurred through Whatsapp and Facebook. Young women experience the need to negotiate pleasure and prevention. They position herself as at "risk" subjects and adopt the notion of undetectable viral load as a way to feel safe in prevention. The new biomedical discourses are incorporated into their daily lives, and the fear, rejection and "possibility" of "danger" for another (seronegative) contributed to the reorganization of their lives and relationships.

Resumen En este artículo, discutimos cómo el discurso biomédico sobre la carga viral indetectable (re)organiza las trayectorias afectivas y sexuales de las mujeres jovens que viven con el VIH. Realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas con cinco jovenes que viven con VIH/ SIDA, con edades entre 18 y 30 años, tanto en línea como en un servicio especializado de salud (SAE) en Salvador-Ba, entre 2015 y 2017. Las interacciones en línea ocorrieron través de Whatsapp y Facebook. Las mujeres jóvenes experimentan la necesidad de negociar el placer y la prevención. Se posicionan como sujetos de "riesgo" y adoptan la noción de una carga viral indetectable como forma de sentirse seguras en la prevención. Los nuevos discursos biomédicos se incorporan a su cotidianidad, y los sentimientos de miedo, rechazo y "posibilidad" de "peligro" para el otro (seronegativo) contribuyen a la reorganización de sus vidas y relaciones.

Risco, prazer e cuidado ao HIV: ambivalências em torno da condição de indetectável / Riesgo, placer y cuidado del VIH: ambivalencias en torno a la condición de indetectable / Risk, pleasure and HIV care: ambivalences around the condition of undetectable

Resumo Neste artigo, busco desenvolver algumas reflexões sobre aspectos do risco e do prazer, considerando avanços importantes em relação ao HIV. É o caso dos estudos atuais que mostram que a pessoa com carga viral indetectável, em tratamento, não transmite o HIV em suas relações sexuais. Apesar desses avanços, darei destaque a algumas ambivalências presentes nesse campo, principalmente diante da possibilidade do sexo sem preservativo. A partir de diferentes narrativas (online e offline), oriundas de uma pesquisa com jovens vivendo com HIV, mas também a partir de minhas próprias interações como usuário de aplicativos para encontros, pretendo colocar em foco algumas questões/tensionamentos diante do sexo/prazer e do cuidado ao HIV. Deste modo, destaco também as múltiplas formas de produção de prazer/cuidado para além do que é normatizado pelo campo da saúde. São questões abertas por uma nova categoria (indetectável) que parece borrar a fronteira entre negativos/positivos.

Resumen En este artículo busco desarrollar algunas reflexiones sobre aspectos de riesgo y placer, considerando importantes avances en relación al VIH. Este es el caso de estudios actuales que demuestran que las personas con carga viral indetectable, en tratamiento, no transmiten el VIH durante las relaciones sexuales. A pesar de estos avances, destacaré algunas ambivalencias presentes en este campo, especialmente ante la posibilidad de sexo sin preservativo. Basado en diferentes narrativas (en línea y fuera de línea), que surgen de una encuesta de jóvenes que viven con el VIH, y de mis propias interacciones como usuario de aplicaciones de citas, pretendo centrarme en algunas cuestiones/tensiones relacionadas con el sexo/placer y el cuidado del VIH. El articulo resalta las múltiples formas de producir placer/cuidado más allá de lo normalizado por el campo de la salud. Son interrogantes que abre una nueva categoría (indetectable) que parece desdibujar la frontera entre negativos/positivos.

Abstract In this article, I seek to develop some reflections on aspects of risk and pleasure, considering important advances in relation to HIV. This is the case of current studies that show that the person with an undetectable viral load, under treatment, does not transmit HIV in their sexual relations. Despite these advances, I will highlight some ambivalences present in this field, especially when there is the possibility of sex without a condom. From different narratives (online and offline), in the context of a research on young people living with HIV, but also from my own interactions as a user of dating apps, I intend to focus on some issues/tensions about sex/pleasure and HIV care. In addition, I expect to emphasize the multiple forms of pleasure/care production beyond what is normalized by the health field. Finally, this article brings some reflections around a new category (undetectable) that seems to blur the border between negative/positive people.

Between risk and pleasure: reflections on HIV prevention and care in the current context of PrEP use by men who have sex with men / Entre o risco e o prazer: reflexões sobre a prevenção e tratamento do HIV no contexto atual do uso da PrEP por homens que fazem sexo com homens / Entre el riesgo y el placer: reflexiones sobre la prevención del VIH y la atención en salud en el contexto actual del uso de PrEP por hombres que tienen sexo con hombres

This study offers a set of reflections on the relationship between risk and pleasure in the field of HIV prevention and care, as it mediates new biomedical prevention/care technologies, particularly pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), among men who have sex with men (MSM). We begin by investigating some studies about condomless sex between men, more specifically barebacking and PrEP use among young MSM. We base our analysis on the assumption that PrEP, as one of these new actants, has reconfigured the field of HIV prevention/care, especially in relation to the dimensions of risk and pleasure, with the potential to considerably reduce the chances of HIV infection while enabling maximum pleasure and a sense of greater safety and freedom. Despite this progress, we also problematize some of the ambivalences, tensions, and moral conflicts that still exist in the field of prevention, especially the potential for condomless sex. Finally, taking a praxiographic perspective on health care and foregrounding the situated practices of human and non-human actors/actants in interaction, we consider HIV/AIDS prevention as a more fluid, non-linear, erratic phenomenon that involves multiple types of knowledge, feelings, and participations, and is open to different kinds of experimentation. Besides a "logic of choice", we hold that health care is a permeable, continuous process that is enacted in situated practices and may produce different effects in response to a heterogeneous network of interactions.

O artigo fornece um conjunto de reflexões sobre a relação entre risco e prazer no campo da prevenção e tratamento do HIV, além de colocar na agenda a mediação das novas tecnologias biomédicas de prevenção e tratamento, particularmente a profilaxia pré-exposição (PrEP) entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Começamos por rever alguns estudos sobre o sexo sem preservativo entre homens, mais especificamente o barebacking e o uso de PrEP por HSH jovens. Baseamos a análise na pressuposição de que a PrEP, enquanto uma das novas tecnologias, reconfigurou o campo da prevenção e tratamento do HIV, especialmente em relação às dimensões de risco e prazer, com o potencial para reduzir consideravelmente o risco de infecção pelo HIV ao mesmo tempo em que permite o prazer máximo e uma sensação de maior segurança e liberdade. Não obstante esses avanços, também problematizamos algumas das ambivalências, tensões e conflitos morais que persistem no campo da prevenção, principalmente o potencial para sexo sem preservativo. Finalmente, a partir de uma perspectiva praxiográfica sobre os cuidados de saúde e destacando as práticas de atores/actantes humanos e não humanos na interação, consideramos a prevenção do HIV/aids como um fenômeno mais fluido, não linear e errático, que envolve múltiplos tipos de conhecimento, sentimentos e participações, e que está aberto a diferentes tipos de experimentação. Além de uma "lógica de escolha", propomos que os cuidados de saúde constituem um processo permeável e contínuo que é instituído em práticas situadas e que podem produzir efeitos diferentes em resposta a uma rede heterogênea de interações.

Este trabajo ofrece un conjunto de reflexiones sobre la relación entre riesgo y placer, en el ámbito de la prevención y tratamiento del VIH, ya que debate el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías de prevención/cuidado biomédicas, particularmente la profilaxis de preexposición (PrEP) entre los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). Empezamos investigando algunos estudios sobre el sexo sin condón entre hombres, más específicamente a pelo, y el uso de PrEP por parte de jóvenes HSH. Basamos nuestro análisis en la asunción de que la PrEP, uno de estos nuevos actantes, ha reconfigurado el campo de la prevención y cuidados del VIH, especialmente, en relación con las dimensiones de riesgo y placer, con el potencial de reducir considerablemente las posibilidades de infección por VIH, mientras que permite un máximo placer y sensación de una mayor seguridad y libertad. A pesar de este progreso, también problematizamos algunas de las ambivalencias, tensiones, y conflictos morales que todavía existen en el ámbito de la prevención, especialmente el potencial del sexo sin condón. Finalmente, teniendo en consideración una perspectiva praxiográfica sobre la atención en salud, y destacando las prácticas mencionadas de actores/actantes humanos y no humanos en la interacción, consideramos la prevención de VIH/SIDA como un fenómeno errático más fluido, no lineal, que implica múltiples tipos de conocimiento, sentimientos, y participaciones, y está abierto a diferentes tipos de experimentación. Además de la "lógica de elección", sostenemos que la atención sanitaria constituye un proceso permeable, continuo que se concreta en las prácticas mencionadas y puede producir diferentes efectos como respuesta a una heterogénea red de interacciones.