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1.
Sci Adv ; 10(26): eado4513, 2024 Jun 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38924394

ABSTRACT

Coordination of cellular activity through Ca2+ enables ß cells to secrete precise quantities of insulin. To explore how the Ca2+ response is orchestrated in space and time, we implement optogenetic systems to probe the role of individual ß cells in the glucose response. By targeted ß cell activation/inactivation in zebrafish, we reveal a hierarchy of cells, each with a different level of influence over islet-wide Ca2+ dynamics. First-responder ß cells lie at the top of the hierarchy, essential for initiating the first-phase Ca2+ response. Silencing first responders impairs the Ca2+ response to glucose. Conversely, selective activation of first responders demonstrates their increased capability to raise pan-islet Ca2+ levels compared to followers. By photolabeling and transcriptionally profiling ß cells that differ in their thresholds to a glucose-stimulated Ca2+ response, we highlight vitamin B6 production as a signature pathway of first responders. We further define an evolutionarily conserved requirement for vitamin B6 in enabling the Ca2+ response to glucose in mammalian systems.


Subject(s)
Calcium , Glucose , Insulin-Secreting Cells , Optogenetics , Zebrafish , Animals , Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Calcium Signaling
2.
Cien Saude Colet ; 28(10): 2797-2807, 2023 Oct.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37878924

ABSTRACT

The present article analyzed the process of precarious work relations in the health sector, demonstrating how this situation generated illness and suffering among workers. The text sought to register how the institutional adoption of neoliberal economic conceptions, of the reduction of State social policies, coupled with a history of cultural rejection of labor rights, provided the attraction of mechanisms of precarious work for the public sector, notably, the outsourcing of labor and the provision of services. In a second moment, the text points out the legal improprieties committed, presenting the consequences of the weakening of the legal bond in the working conditions of these workers, mainly regarding working hours and remuneration, also highlighting how much the dissemination of these links represented a factor of a general reduction in wages and labor and social security rights in the sector. Data from Fiocruz surveys on working conditions during the pandemic were also presented. The article concludes by showing the urgency of rescuing the legal labor institutes that were abandoned in the historical path studied in order to guide the public health policies in a new direction.


O artigo analisou o processo de precarização das relações de trabalho no setor da saúde, demonstrando como essa situação gerou sofrimento dos trabalhadores. O texto buscou registrar como a adoção institucional das concepções econômicas neoliberais, de redução das políticas sociais de Estado, acopladas a um histórico de rejeição cultural aos direitos trabalhistas, proporcionou a atração dos mecanismos de precarização do trabalho, notadamente, a terceirização da mão de obra e da prestação de serviços. No segundo momento, o texto aponta as impropriedades jurídicas cometidas, apresentando as consequências da fragilização do vínculo jurídico nas condições de trabalho desses trabalhadores, principalmente no que se refere às jornadas de trabalho e a remuneração, destacando-se, também, o quanto a disseminação desses vínculos representou um fator de rebaixamento geral dos salários e direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários no setor. Foram apresentados, ainda, dados das pesquisas da Fiocruz sobre condições de trabalho durante a pandemia. Conclui mostrando a urgência de se resgatarem os institutos jurídicos trabalhistas que foram abandonados no percurso histórico estudado, para direcionar a novo rumo as políticas públicas na saúde.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Humans , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Surveys and Questionnaires , Public Sector
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 28(10): 2797-2807, out. 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520603

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo analisou o processo de precarização das relações de trabalho no setor da saúde, demonstrando como essa situação gerou sofrimento dos trabalhadores. O texto buscou registrar como a adoção institucional das concepções econômicas neoliberais, de redução das políticas sociais de Estado, acopladas a um histórico de rejeição cultural aos direitos trabalhistas, proporcionou a atração dos mecanismos de precarização do trabalho, notadamente, a terceirização da mão de obra e da prestação de serviços. No segundo momento, o texto aponta as impropriedades jurídicas cometidas, apresentando as consequências da fragilização do vínculo jurídico nas condições de trabalho desses trabalhadores, principalmente no que se refere às jornadas de trabalho e a remuneração, destacando-se, também, o quanto a disseminação desses vínculos representou um fator de rebaixamento geral dos salários e direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários no setor. Foram apresentados, ainda, dados das pesquisas da Fiocruz sobre condições de trabalho durante a pandemia. Conclui mostrando a urgência de se resgatarem os institutos jurídicos trabalhistas que foram abandonados no percurso histórico estudado, para direcionar a novo rumo as políticas públicas na saúde.


Abstract The present article analyzed the process of precarious work relations in the health sector, demonstrating how this situation generated illness and suffering among workers. The text sought to register how the institutional adoption of neoliberal economic conceptions, of the reduction of State social policies, coupled with a history of cultural rejection of labor rights, provided the attraction of mechanisms of precarious work for the public sector, notably, the outsourcing of labor and the provision of services. In a second moment, the text points out the legal improprieties committed, presenting the consequences of the weakening of the legal bond in the working conditions of these workers, mainly regarding working hours and remuneration, also highlighting how much the dissemination of these links represented a factor of a general reduction in wages and labor and social security rights in the sector. Data from Fiocruz surveys on working conditions during the pandemic were also presented. The article concludes by showing the urgency of rescuing the legal labor institutes that were abandoned in the historical path studied in order to guide the public health policies in a new direction.

4.
Chemosphere ; 341: 140028, 2023 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37660783

ABSTRACT

The knowledge of the lithological context is necessary to interpret trace elements concentrations in the soil. Soil magnetic signature (χ) and soil X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are promising approaches in the study of the spatial variability of trace elements and the environmental monitoring of soil quality. This research aimed to assess the efficiency of measurements of χ and XRF sensors for spatial characterization of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) contents in soils of a sandstone-basalt transitional environment, using machine learning modeling. The studied area consisted of the Western Plateau of São Paulo (WPSP), with soils originating from sandstone and basalt. A total of 253 soil samples were collected at a depth of 0.0-0.2 m. The soils were characterized by particle size and chemical analysis: organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), ammonium oxalate-extracted iron (Feo), sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate-extracted iron (Fed), and sulfuric acid-extracted iron (Fet). Hematite (Hm), goethite (Gt), kaolinite (Kt), and gibbsite (Gb) contents were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Magnetite (Mt) and maghemite (Mh) contents were obtained by soil χ, while trace elements contents were obtained by XRF and predicted by χ. Descriptive analysis, the test of means, and correlation were performed between attributes. Zn, Mn, and Cu contents were predicted using the machine learning algorithm random forest, and the spatial variability was obtained using the ordinary kriging interpolation technique. Landscape dissections influenced iron oxides, which had the highest contents in slightly dissected environments. Trace elements contents were not influenced by landscape dissections, demonstrating that lithological knowledge is necessary to characterize trace elements in soils. The prediction models developed through the machine learning algorithm random forest showed that χ can be used to characterize trace elements. The similar spatial pattern of trace elements obtained by XRF and χ measurements confirm the applicability of these sensors for mapping it under lithological and landscape transition, aiming for sustainable strategic planning of land use and occupation.


Subject(s)
Trace Elements , X-Rays , Fluorescence , Brazil , Zinc , Iron , Manganese
5.
Toxicol Sci ; 192(1): 83-96, 2023 03 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36617169

ABSTRACT

Arsenic exposure is correlated with atherosclerosis in epidemiological studies and in animal models. We have previously shown that arsenic exposure enhanced the atherosclerotic plaque size, increased the plaque lipid content, and decreased the plaque smooth muscle cell and collagen contents in the apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice. However, the percentage of plaque-resident macrophages, the primary drivers of atherosclerosis remained unchanged. Therefore, we hypothesized that although arsenic does not change the quantity of macrophages, it alters the macrophage transcriptome towards a proatherogenic state. To test this hypothesis, we used bone marrow-derived macrophages, polarized them to either interferon-γ (IFN-É£) stimulated, proinflammatory or interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulated, alternatively activated macrophages in the presence or absence of 0.67 µM (50 ppb) arsenic and performed RNA sequencing. Arsenic exposure altered the gene expression of the macrophages in a subtype-specific manner. Most differentially expressed genes (88%) were altered specifically in either IFN-É£- or IL-4-stimulated macrophages, whereas in the remaining 12% of genes that changed in both cell types, did so in opposite directions. In IL-4-stimulated macrophages, arsenic significantly downregulated the genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and the chemokines CCL17/CCL22, whereas in IFN-É£-stimulated macrophages, the genes associated with the liver X receptor (LXR) pathway were downregulated by arsenic. Using a bone marrow transplant experiment, we validated that the deletion of LXRα from the hematopoietic compartment rescued arsenic-enhanced atherosclerosis in the apoE-/- mouse model. Together, these data suggest that arsenic modulates subtype-specific transcriptomic changes in macrophages and further emphasize the need to define macrophage heterogeneity in atherosclerotic plaques in order to evaluate the proatherogenic role of arsenic.


Subject(s)
Arsenic , Atherosclerosis , Plaque, Atherosclerotic , Animals , Mice , Arsenic/metabolism , Interferon-gamma/genetics , Interferon-gamma/metabolism , Interleukin-4/genetics , Interleukin-4/metabolism , Mice, Knockout , Atherosclerosis/chemically induced , Atherosclerosis/genetics , Atherosclerosis/metabolism , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism , Macrophages/metabolism , Gene Expression , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Mice, Inbred C57BL
6.
Nat Commun ; 13(1): 6255, 2022 10 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36271049

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is a multifactorial disorder characterized by loss or dysfunction of pancreatic ß-cells. ß-cells are heterogeneous, exhibiting different glucose sensing, insulin secretion and gene expression. They communicate with other endocrine cell types via paracrine signals and between ß-cells via gap junctions. Here, we identify the importance of signaling between ß-cells via the extracellular signal WNT4. We show heterogeneity in Wnt4 expression, most strikingly in the postnatal maturation period, Wnt4-positive cells, being more mature while Wnt4-negative cells are more proliferative. Knock-out in adult ß-cells shows that WNT4 controls the activation of calcium signaling in response to a glucose challenge, as well as metabolic pathways converging to lower ATP/ADP ratios, thereby reducing insulin secretion. These results reveal that paracrine signaling between ß-cells is important in addition to gap junctions in controling insulin secretion. Together with previous reports of WNT4 up-regulation in obesity our observations suggest an adaptive insulin response coordinating ß-cells.


Subject(s)
Calcium Signaling , Insulins , Glucose/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Insulins/metabolism , Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism
7.
Campo Grande; s.n; ago.2022. 32 p. ilus, tab, mapas.(Revisão Rápida, 10).
Monography in Portuguese | CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-MS | ID: biblio-1437716

ABSTRACT

A auriculoterapia é uma prática diagnóstica e terapêutica que tem por princípio a estimulação de pontos no pavilhão auricular externo que correspondem a partes específicas do corpo (mapa somatotópico). Sua origem é derivada da acupuntura, prática da medicina tradicional chinesa. Desde seu surgimento em 1951, na França, várias tecnologias para a realização da auriculoterapia foram desenvolvidas. Considerando a existência de diferentes materiais para realização da auriculoterapia (esferas magnéticas, agulhas semipermanentes, agulhas filiformes, estimulação por laser, eletropuntura, cristais e outros), foi solicitada pela assistência da atenção primária revisão rápida para comparação da eficácia, segurança e efetividade das tecnologias relatadas na literatura científica. Quais tecnologias utilizadas para realização da auriculoterapia apresentam maior eficácia clínica quando comparadas entre si?


Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture, Ear/instrumentation , Intention to Treat Analysis/statistics & numerical data , Acoustic Stimulation/instrumentation , Electroacupuncture , Controlled Clinical Trial , Acupressure/instrumentation
8.
Water Sci Technol ; 85(12): 3479-3492, 2022 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35771059

ABSTRACT

In Brazil, domestic effluents represent the primary source of pressure on water resources. Water pollution can be controlled by defining, applying, and enforcing the effluent standards for wastewater discharge. Discussions are ongoing in Minas Gerais State regarding the possibility of setting a discharge standard for ammonia nitrogen in municipal wastewater, which is currently not required. However, providing technical support for decision-making is challenging because of the difficulties in accessing monitoring data from sewage treatment plants. This study aimed to analyze the monitoring data from 49 sewage treatment plants operating in Minas Gerais to offer guidance for decision making. High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in the effluents of the treatment plants were found, reinforcing the need for better control and the adoption of more advanced technologies. Furthermore, it was observed an increase in concentrations downstream of the discharges in the receiving water bodies. Adopting a progressive and adaptable discharge standard can be a solution for better control of treatment systems.


Subject(s)
Sewage , Wastewater , Ammonia , Brazil , Nitrogen/analysis
9.
Campo Grande; s.n; mai.2022. 26 p. (Síntese Rápida de Evidências nº 01, 1).
Monography in Portuguese | CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-MS | ID: biblio-1434231

ABSTRACT

O câncer do colo do útero é o terceiro câncer mais incidente em mulheres no Brasil e no mundo. As alterações celulares que dão origem ao câncer do colo do útero podem ser visualizadas precocemente com o exame citopatológico do colo do útero. O indicador 11 da pactuação interfederativa se refere à razão entre o número de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero realizados em mulheres de 25 a 64 anos e o total de mulheres da faixa etária no município. Nos últimos dois anos, o indicador municipal não atingiu a meta pactuada em 2016, de 62%.


Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women in Brazil world. The cellular changes that give rise to cervical cancer may be visualized early with cytopathological examination of the cervix. The indicator 11 of the interfederative agreement refers to the ratio between the number of tests cervical cytopathology performed in women aged 25 to 64 years and the total age group in the city. In the last two years, the municipal indicator did not reached the agreed target in 2016 of 62%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Health Services Coverage , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Health Strategies , Papanicolaou Test , Quality of Health Care , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Coverage Equity , Evidence-Based Practice , Papanicolaou Test/economics , Systematic Reviews as Topic
10.
Campo Grande; s.n; mai 2022. 60 p. ilus, tab.(Síntese Rápida de Evidências, 2).
Monography in Portuguese | CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-MS | ID: biblio-1435522

ABSTRACT

A evasão de pacientes em tratamento de saúde mental dos serviços de saúde é preocupação constante entre profissionais, gestores e familiares. Um paciente que evade pode estar sujeito a uma gama de consequências deletérias para si e para outros.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Dropouts , Mental Health Services
11.
Campo Grande; s.n; Jan.2022. 42 p. ilus, tab, graf.(Revisão Rápida, 9).
Monography in Portuguese | CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-MS | ID: biblio-1437341

ABSTRACT

A raiva é uma zoonose transmitida ao homem pela inoculação do vírus rábico contido na saliva do animal infectado. A infecção por este vírus causa encefalite aguda com índice de letalidade próximo a 100%.Embora não haja cura para a raiva clínica, a doença é facilmente evitável pelo fornecimento oportuno de profilaxia adequada. A profiaxia antirrábica humana pode ser realizada pré (PrEP) ou pós (PEP) exposição potencial ao virus da raiva. As tecnologias utilizadas para esta profilaxia são as vacinas e os soros. Há diversos esquemas de profilaxia PrEP e PEP utilizados no mundo. No Brasil, há ainda indicação de administração de medicações prévias à infiltração de soro heterólogo, a fim de mitigar potenciais reações anafiláticas. A administração concomitante de vacinas, imunoglobulinas e pré-medicação para hipersensibilidade (anti-histamínicos e corticoides) através da via intramuscular é uma prática instituída no contexto municipal de Campo Grande - MS, ocasionando problemas recorrentes de falta de sítios para administração completa da profilaxia, especialmente em crianças. Quais os cuidados necessários durante a realização de Profilaxia Pós Exposição Antirrábica em situações de limitação de vias de administração e risco de hipersensibilidade? Após análise do conteúdo, a fim de concluir a revisão em tempo oportuno para a tomada de decisão da gestão, a equipe de pesquisa deliberou pela extração de dados somente dos estudos secundários. Os principais achados estão sumarizados em infográfico no APÊNDICE A. É indicada a modernização do Procedimento Operacional Padrão vigente na prefeitura de Campo Grande. A substituição das práticas relacionadas à pré-medicação IM, vacinação IM e administração de soro IM é cientificamente embasada e elimina o problema que originou a questão de pesquisa desta revisão, apresentando benefícios para gestão, profissionais e usuários do SUS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunoglobulins/administration & dosage , Rabies Vaccines/administration & dosage , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis , Histamine Antagonists/administration & dosage
12.
Campo Grande; s.n; nov.2021. 41 p. ilus, tab.(Revisão Rápida, 7).
Monography in Portuguese | CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-MS | ID: biblio-1436879

ABSTRACT

Pessoas trans são aquelas que não se identificam com o sexo biológico, ou seja, o gênero que foi atribuído ao nascimento. A Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (LGBT), instituída pelo Ministério da Saúde, por meio da Portaria nº 2.836, de 1º de dezembro de 2011, garante às pessoas trans o direito à saúde integral, humanizada e de qualidade no SUS, tanto na rede de atenção básica como nos serviços especializados. Esta revisão rápida objetivou levantar publicações que abordassem o acesso de pacientes transgêneros aos cuidados de saúde ginecológicos e urológicos, afim de informar a tomada de decisão e melhorar o acesso e a qualidade da prestação de serviços de saúde às pessoas trans no Município de Campo Grande- MS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Urology , User Embracement , Health Services for Transgender Persons , Gynecology , Minority Health , Transgender Persons , Health Services Accessibility
13.
J Vis Exp ; (175)2021 09 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34633379

ABSTRACT

The pancreatic ß-cells sustain systemic glucose homeostasis by producing and secreting insulin according to the blood glucose levels. Defects in ß-cell function are associated with hyperglycemia that can lead to diabetes. During the process of insulin secretion, ß-cells experience an influx of Ca2+. Thus, imaging the glucose-stimulated Ca2+ influx using genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) provides an avenue to studying ß-cell function. Previously, studies showed that isolated zebrafish islets expressing GCaMP6s exhibit significant Ca2+ activity upon stimulation with defined glucose concentrations. However, it is paramount to study how ß-cells respond to glucose not in isolation, but in their native environment, where they are systemically connected, vascularized, and densely innervated. To this end, the study leveraged the optical transparency of the zebrafish larvae at early stages of development to illuminate ß-cell activity in vivo. Here, a detailed protocol for Ca2+ imaging and glucose stimulation to investigate ß-cell function in vivo is presented. This technique allows to monitor the coordinated Ca2+ dynamics in ß-cells with single-cell resolution. Additionally, this method can be applied to work with any injectable solution such as small molecules or peptides. Altogether, the protocol illustrates the potential of the zebrafish model to investigate islet coordination in vivo and to characterize how environmental and genetic components might affect ß-cell function.


Subject(s)
Calcium , Insulin-Secreting Cells , Animals , Calcium/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Insulin Secretion , Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism , Zebrafish/metabolism
14.
Campo Grande; s.n; out.2021. 28 p. ilus.(Revisão Rápida, 8).
Monography in Portuguese | CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-MS | ID: biblio-1437224

ABSTRACT

Quais instrumentos validados avaliam o funcionamento das unidades e equipes de saúde conforme os quatro atributos essenciais da atenção primária segundo Starfield (2002)?" A Clínica da Família (CF) é um programa municipal de acreditação da qualidade dos serviços de Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). Para isso, eles devem atender aos quatro atributos essenciais descritos por Starfield1: Acesso de primeiro contato do indivíduo com o sistema de saúde; Longitudinalidade; Integralidade; e Coordenação da atenção. Para a manutenção da certificação CF, deve haver um monitoramento quadrimestral das unidades certificadas. Portanto, a Coordenadoria da Rede de Atenção Básica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Campo Grande solicitou revisão rápida sobre instrumentos validados de avaliação da APS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Health Care , Health Status Indicators , Integrality in Health , Access to Primary Care , Health Systems , Continuity of Patient Care/organization & administration , Health Facility Accreditation
15.
Campo Grande; s.n; julho 2021. 31 p. ilus, tab.(Revisão Rápida, 06).
Monography in Portuguese | CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-MS | ID: biblio-1436794

ABSTRACT

O monitoramento de pacientes ambulatoriais com COVID-19 pode ser organizado com diversas frequências, lógicas e tecnologias, sendo o telemonitoramento amplamente utilizado por diversos sistemas de saúde. A definição da frequência de acompanhamento através de critérios clínicos pode levar a um melhor acompanhamento de casos mais graves e instáveis, otimizando recursos na saúde e, possivelmente, diminuindo o agravamento clínico e a mortalidade na população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Epidemiologic Methods , Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , COVID-19 , Databases as Topic , Observational Studies as Topic , Health Information Systems , Telemonitoring , Vaccine Efficacy/statistics & numerical data
16.
Opt Lett ; 46(11): 2654-2657, 2021 Jun 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34061080

ABSTRACT

Soot temperature measurements in laminar flames are often performed through two-color broadband emission pyrometry (BEMI) or modulated absorption/emission (BMAE) techniques, using models to relate the ratio between flame intensities at two different wavelengths with soot temperature. To benefit from wider spectral range and increase the accuracy of experimental estimation of soot temperature, this work proposes a new approach that uses three-color broadband images captured with a basic color camera. The methodology is first validated through simulations using numerically generated flames from the CoFlame code and then used to retrieve soot temperature in an experimental campaign. The experimental results show that using three-color and BEMI provides smoother reconstruction of soot temperature than two-color and BMAE when small disturbances exist in the measured signals due to a reduced experimental noise effect. A sensitivity analysis shows that the retrieved temperature from three-color BEMI is more resilient to variations on the ratio of measured signals than BMAE, which is confirmed by an error propagation analysis based on a Monte Carlo approach.

17.
Campo Grande; s.n; jun. 2021. 21 p. ilus.(Sumário de Resumos, 2).
Monography in Portuguese | CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-MS | ID: biblio-1434032

ABSTRACT

A aferição de sinais vitais é rotina em praticamente todos os serviços de saúde que mantenham pacientes internados, sendo tradicionalmente ensinado como um importante meio de mensurar o funcionamento fisiológico e determinar a probabilidade de deterioração clínica e eventos adversos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Vital Signs , Ambulatory Care , Inpatients
18.
Campo Grande; s.n; jun.2021. 29 p. ilus, tab.(Revisão Rápida, 5).
Monography in Portuguese | CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-MS | ID: biblio-1436787

ABSTRACT

As Atrofias Musculares Espinhais (AME) são um grupo de doenças neuromusculares hereditárias raras (incidência de cerca de 1 para cada 11.000 nascidos vivos).Caracterizam-se pela degeneração dos neurônios motores na medula espinhal e tronco encefálico, resultando em fraqueza muscular progressiva. As AME são categorizadas em subtipos clínicos (tipo I, II, III e IV) com base na idade de início dos sintomas e sua gravidade. O medicamento Nusinersena é eficaz, seguro e custo efetivo para o tratamento de pessoas com Atrofia Muscular Espinhal?


A gestão municipal de saúde de Campo Grande-MS recebeu solicitação de acesso ao medicamento de alto custo Nusinersena (Spinraza®) para crianças diagnosticadas com AME. Diante da necessidade de aprofundamento dos conhecimentos acerca da doença e possibilidades de tratamento, a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde encomendou este estudo para elucidar melhor a tomada de decisão da gestão. Estudos evidenciam que o Nusinersena prolonga a sobrevida livre de ventilação para portadores de AME tipo I e melhora a função motora para portadores de AME tipo I e II. Estas revisões indicam que a maior potencialidade da terapia ocorre nos estágios iniciais da doença pois existe uma janela de oportunidade para ação do medicamento com vistas a resgatar ou estabilizar a função do neurônio motor. Ou seja, melhores respostas ocorreram em crianças mais novas. No entanto, não há cura completa da doença, apenas melhora da sintomatologia5. Em abril de 2019, o Ministério da Saúde incorporou o medicamento Nusinersena para portadores de AME tipo I, ficando em aberto a cobertura dos tipos II,III e IV. O perfil de segurança e tolerabilidade do Nusinersena são aceitáveis, mas há escassez de dados sobre sua eficácia e desdobramentos a longo prazo. Devido aos custos extremamente elevados deste medicamento (análise baseada em preços oficiais) ele se tornou não custo-efetivo. Em agosto de 2018, a CONITEC recomendou a não incorporação do medicamento ao SUS, porém a Advocacia Geral da União recomendou uma nova submissão, feita pela empresa produtora onde foi aprovada em março de 2019 (para portadores de AME tipo I). Não houve acréscimo de novas evidências ou redução de preço que justificassem a mudança de decisão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/drug therapy , Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood/drug therapy , Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome , Decision Making/drug effects , Cost-Effectiveness Analysis/organization & administration
19.
Environ Health Perspect ; 129(5): 57008, 2021 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34014776

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies indicate that early life arsenic exposures are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Different oxidation and methylation states of arsenic exist in the environment and are formed in vivo via the action of arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3MT). Methylated arsenicals are pro-atherogenic postnatally, but pre- and perinatal effects are unclear. This is particularly important because methylated arsenicals are known to cross the placenta. OBJECTIVES: We tested the effects of early life exposure to inorganic and methylated arsenicals on atherosclerotic plaque formation and its composition in apolipoprotein E knock-out (apoE-/-) mice and evaluated whether apoE-/- mice lacking As3MT expression were susceptible to this effect. METHODS: We exposed apoE-/- or apoE-/-/As3MT-/- mice to 200 ppb inorganic or methylated arsenic in the drinking water from conception to weaning and assessed atherosclerotic plaques in the offspring at 18 wk of age. Mixed regression models were used to estimate the mean difference in each outcome relative to controls, adjusting for sex and including a random effects term to account for within-litter clustering. RESULTS: Early life exposure to inorganic arsenic, and more profoundly methylated arsenicals, resulted in significantly larger plaques in the aortic arch and sinus in both sexes. Lipid levels in these plaques were higher without a substantial difference in macrophage numbers. Smooth muscle cell content was not altered, but collagen content was lower. Importantly, there were sex-specific differences in these observations, where males had higher lipids and lower collagen in the plaque, but females did not. In mice lacking As3MT, arsenic did not alter the plaque size, although the size was highly variable. In addition, control apoE-/-/As3MT-/- mice had significantly larger plaque size compared with control apoE-/-. CONCLUSION: This study shows that early life exposure to inorganic and methylated arsenicals is pro-atherogenic with sex-specific differences in plaque composition and a potential role for As3MT in mice. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8171.


Subject(s)
Arsenic , Plaque, Atherosclerotic , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Animals , Arsenic/toxicity , Arsenicals , Female , Male , Methylation , Methyltransferases/genetics , Methyltransferases/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/chemically induced , Pregnancy , Sex Factors
20.
Campo Grande; s.n; mai.2021. 23 p. ilus.(Sumário de Resumos nº01, 1).
Monography in Portuguese | CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-MS | ID: biblio-1428861

ABSTRACT

Elucidar, em tempo oportuno, as diferenças, riscos e benefícios, da administração da NE com tubos em posição nasogástrica ou pós-pilórica, bem como informar o que traz a literatura acerca das técnicas para confirmação do posicionamento da sonda com eficácia e segurança.


Elucidate, in a timely manner, the differences, risks and benefits of the administration of tubes in nasogastric or post-pyloric position, as well as inform what the literature about the techniques to confirm the positioning of the probe effectively and safely.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Risk Assessment , Radiography/methods , Ultrasonography/methods , Enteral Nutrition/instrumentation , Equipment Safety , Systematic Reviews as Topic
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